碳包覆纳米铜粒子的制备及抗氧化性能

以碳粉和铜粉为原料,碳粉和铜粉的质量比分别为4:1、3:2、2:3、1:4时,采用碳弧法制备4种碳包覆纳米铜粒子;采用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、热重分析(TGA)和差示扫描量热法(DSC)对样品的物相结构组成、形貌、尺寸、相组成以及抗氧化性能进行研究;并对影响碳包覆纳米铜粒子粒径以及制备速率的因素进行研究。结果表明:碳包覆纳米铜粒子具有典型的核壳型结构,内核为面心立方的金属铜,外壳为石墨碳层;碳包覆铜纳米颗粒的粒径为20~60nm,粒径随着样品电极中的金属铜含量、放电电流、反应气压的增加而增大;随着样品电极中金属铜含量的增加以及放电电流的增大,碳包覆纳米铜粒子的制备速率加快,而反应气压对制备速率没有明显的影响;随着铜含量的增加,内部铜核具有进一步晶化的趋向,铜对外层碳层的石墨化具有催化作用,铜含量越高碳的石墨化程度越明显;外面的碳层能有效阻止内核的纳米铜粒子的氧化,碳包覆纳米铜粒子比纯铜粉末表现出更好的抗氧化性能。     

爆轰法制备碳包覆铁镍合金纳米颗粒及其表征

对掺杂硝酸铁和硝酸镍复合炸药前驱体,采用爆轰法合成碳包覆铁镍合金纳米颗粒。通过XRD,TEM,XRF,VSM等方法对合成的碳包覆合金纳米颗粒的形貌特征、结构组成及磁性行为进行了分析表征。结果表明,通过有效调整前驱体中金属源材料比例和碳材料组成,可爆轰合成较为完美的核壳结构碳包覆铁镍纳米颗粒,所得球形的纳米颗粒尺寸主要分布在10～60nm范围内且分散性较好,组成核主要由不同比例的铁镍元素构成,外壳层主要由石墨碳构成;由室温下磁性分析可知,该纳米颗粒表现出良好的超顺磁性。     

碳包覆镍纳米颗粒/聚苯胺复合材料的制备及电磁性能

以纤维素为炭前躯体,硝酸镍为金属源,采用还原炭化法制备出碳包覆Ni纳米颗粒(Ni@C)。进一步采用原位聚合法合成出Ni@C/聚苯胺(PANI)复合材料。TEM分析表明:Ni@C粒度分布均匀,呈核壳结构。采用IR光谱、SEM、XRD对复合材料和形态和结构进行分析;考察了Ni@C的含量对Ni@C/PANI复合材料电导率的影响。采用波导法在8.2-12.4 GHz波段范围对Ni@C和Ni@C/PANI复合材料进行电磁参数进行测试分析,复合材料的电损耗角正切值可达到0.65,磁损耗角正切值可达0.15,所制备Ni@C/PANI具有较高的电磁损耗角正切值,结果表明其吸波性能较好。     

约束弧等离子体制备NiO纳米粉体的研究

利用自行研制的约束弧等离子体纳米粉体实验装置成功制备了平均晶粒尺寸为22 nm的NiO纳米粉体.通过X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、选区电子衍射(SAED)和红外光谱(IR)等测试手段对样品的晶体结构、晶粒尺寸以及形貌进行了表征;并利用BET氮吸附法测定样品的比表面积.结果表明约束弧等离子体方法制备的NiO纳米粉体结晶良好、粒度均匀、分散性好,部分颗粒呈现规则菱形十二面体几何外型,比表面积为33.9 m2/g.     

乙醇中锆丝电爆炸法制备碳包覆ZrC纳米颗粒

采用在有机液体中进行金属丝电爆炸的方法制备了碳包覆纳米颗粒。以无水乙醇为介质,向高纯度锆丝中施加高压脉冲电流,金属丝在高密度电流的下迅速熔化、气化、膨胀并爆炸,伴随着高温、高压条件下碳的析出和反应、包覆过程,制备出纳米粉体颗粒,对电爆炸过程中的能量、电流、电压进行了测试和分析,通过XRD、TEM、HTEM等分析了产物特征。结果表明：产物为球状碳包覆结构的碳化锆纳米颗粒,粒径分布在10-150nm之间;在4kv、8kv、12kv电压下,产物平均粒径分别为24.9nm、41.1nm、43.9nm。最后,对碳包覆纳米ZrC颗粒的形成机理进行了初步的探讨。     

约束弧等离子体制备镍纳米粉体及磁学性质

采用约束弧等离子体方法成功制备出了高纯Ni纳米粉体，运用X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）和振动样品磁强计（VSM）对样品的结构、形貌和磁学性质进行了表征。研究了工艺条件对电弧状态和粉体形貌的影响，实验结果表明，约束弧等离子方法能制备出纯净的Ni纳米粉体，并能有效控制粒子的粒径，粉体的比饱和磁化强度低于块体，矫顽力高于块体，饱和磁化强度和矫顽力均随着颗粒度的减小而降低。     

直流电弧等离子体制备NiO包覆Ni纳米颗粒

采用直流电弧等离子体技术制备NiO包覆Ni纳米颗粒,对初产物经过钝化处理得到有氧化膜保护的NiO包覆Ni纳米颗粒.采用高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、选区电子衍射(SAED)、热重和差示扫描量热分析仪(TGA/DSC)以及傅里叶变换红外光谱 (FTIR)等手段对试样的成分、表面组成、形貌、晶体结构、粒度、红外吸收性能和氧化特性进行了分析.结果表明:经过表面钝化处理的NiO包覆Ni纳米颗粒具有明显的核-壳结构,内核为纳米Ni,外壳为NiO氧化物;颗粒呈球形,粒度均匀,分散性良好,粒径分布在20～70 nm范围,平均粒径为44 nm,壳层氧化膜的厚度为5～8 nm;壳核结构可防止纳米Ni颗粒的进一步氧化和团聚,且使红外吸收峰发生蓝移.     

气相爆轰法合成超细碳包铁纳米颗粒

以气化五羰基铁为铁源,采用乙炔为可燃气氛,用气相爆轰法成功合成了超细碳包铁纳米颗粒。利用TEM和XRD对合成产物进行分析表明,爆轰产物是由碳壳层、α-Fe和γ-Fe组成的球状包覆型结构,产物分散性好,颗粒大小均匀、形态规则的球形超细纳米碳包铁颗粒,铁核的平均粒径为4.5 nm; Raman光谱分析也证实该纳米粒子表面由为石墨和无定型碳构成包覆。进一步将该纳米碳包铁颗粒在低真空温度673 K下进行热处理发现,铁核颗粒尺寸略有长大,XRD谱线上γ-Fe相消失,转化为α-Fe相,热处理后磁饱和强度提高1倍以上。     

约束弧等离子体制备铝纳米粉体工艺

采用约束弧等离子体方法成功制备了高纯铝纳米粉末,利用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)和相应选区电子衍射(SAED)对样品的晶体结构、形貌、粒度进行性能表征。对约束弧等离子体方法制备金属纳米粉的形成和长大过程进行了分析,并对制备过程中工艺参数(气体种类和压力、电弧电流等)对纳米粉产率及粒度的影响规律进行了讨论。实验结果表明:本法所制备的铝纳米粉末的晶体结构为fcc结构的晶态,呈规则的球形。适当控制某些工艺参数就能制取粒径在20~100 nm的纳米粉,在其它工艺参数一定时,随着工作气压升高、电流强度的增加,产率和平均粒径都随之增大。     

碳包覆氧化镍纳米颗粒制备与电化学性能研究

采用直流电弧放电等离子体技术制备了核壳结构碳包覆氧化镍纳米颗粒,并采用X射线衍射、高分辨透射电子显微镜、X射线能量色散分析谱仪和表面物理吸附仪等测试技术对样品的微观结构进行研究。并利用循环伏安法、恒电流充放电以及交流阻抗等技术研究其作为超级电容器电极材料的电化学性能。结果表明:直流电弧等离子体技术制备的碳包覆氧化镍纳米颗粒具有典型的核壳结构,内核为面心立方结构的氧化镍纳米颗粒,外壳为碳层。颗粒形貌主要为立方体结构,粒度均匀,分散性良好,粒径分布在30～70 nm范围,平均粒径为50 nm,外壳碳层的厚度为5 nm。碳包覆氧化镍纳米颗粒具有较高的比容量和良好的电化学活性。     

Preparation and particle size characterization of Cu nanopartides prepared by anodic arc plasma

Copper nanoparticles were successfully prepared in large scale by means of anodic arc discharging plasma method in inert atmosphere. The particle size, specific surface area, crystal structure, and morphology of the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, BET equation, transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, and the corresponding selected area electron diffraction （SAED）. The experimental results indicate that the crystal structure of the samples is fcc structure the same as that of the bulk materials. The specific surface area is 11 m^2/g, the particle size distribution is 30 to 90 nm, and the average particle size is about 67 nm obtained from TEM and confirmed from XRD and BET results. The nanoparticles with uniform size, high purity, narrow size distribution and spherical shape can be prepared by this convenient and effective method.     

Preparation and particle size characterization of Cu nanoparticles prepared by anodic arc plasma

1. Introduction Metal nanoparticles exhibit novel physical and chemical properties owing to the small size effect, surface effect, quantum size effect, and quanta tun-nel effect [1-4]. In recent years, the research and de-velopment for metal nanoparticles have attracted significant interest and is still the subject of intense investigation owing to their intriguing properties and various potential applications [5-7]. Because the properties depend strongly on the details of particle size, speci…     

Processing parameters for Cu nanopowders prepared by anodic arc plasma

Copper nanopowders were successfully prepared by anodic arc discharging plasma method with home-made experimental apparatus.The effects of various processing parameters on the particle size of Cu nanopowders were investigated in the process,and the optimum processing parameters were obtained.In addition,the morphology,crystal structure,particle size distribution of the nanopowders were characterized via X-ray diffraction(XRD),transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and the corresponding selected area electron diffraction(SAED).The experimental results show that the crystal structure of the samples is the same fcc structure as that of the bulk materials.The processing parameters play a major role in controlling the particle size.The particle size increases with the increase of the arc current or gas pressure.     

Preparation and characterization of Ni nanopowders prepared by anodic arc plasma

Ni nanopowders were successfully prepared in large quantities by anodic arc discharged plasma method with homemade experimental apparatus in inert gas. The particle size, microstructure and morphology of the particles were characterized via X-ray diffractometry (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and the corresponding selected area electron diffractometry(SAED). The specific surface area and pore parameters were investigated by nitrogen sorption isotherms at 77 K with Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET) equation and Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) method. The chemical compositions were determined by X-ray energy dispersive spectrometry(XEDS) and element analysis. The experimental results indicate that this method is convenient and effective, and the nanopowders with uniform size, higher purity, weakly agglomerated and spherical chain shape are gotten. The crystal structure of the samples is FCC structure as the bulk materials, the particle size distribution ranges from 20 to 70 nm, and the average particle size is about 46 nm obtained by TEM and confirmed by XRD and BET results. The specific surface area is 14.23 m^2/g, specific pore volume is 0.09 cm^3/g and average pore diameter is 23 nm.     

Pulsed plasma arc cladding

A prototype of Pulsed Plasma Arc Cladding system was developed, in which single power source supplies both transferred plasma arc (TPA) and non-transferred plasma arc (N-TPA). Both plasmas work in turn in a high frequency controlled by an IGBT connecting nozzle and workpiece. The working frequency of lGBT ranges from 50～7000 Hz, in which the plasmas can work in turn smoothly. Higher than 500 Hz of working frequency is suggested for promotion of cladding quality and protection of IGBT. Drag phenomenon of TPA intensifies as the frequency goes up, which tends to increase the current proportion of TPA and suppress N-TPA. The occupation ratio of IGBT can be regulated from 5%～95%, which balances the power supplies of both plasmas. An occupation ratio higher than 50% gives adequate proportion of arc current for N-TPA to preheat powder.     

直流电弧制备的Mg-TiO2复合材料的储氢性能

采用直流电弧等离子体法蒸发Mg＋5%Ti O2的混合物并将其在空气中钝化,制备粉体Mg-Ti O2复合储氢材料。利用电感耦合等离子光谱发生仪（ICP）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）表征粉体复合材料的成分、相组成及形貌。采用压力–成分–温度（PCT）和差示扫描量热仪（DSC）对Mg-Ti O2样品的吸放氢性能进行研究。由PCT测量结果可知,Mg-Ti O2复合粉体中镁的氢化焓和氢化熵分别为-71.5 kJ/mol和-130.1 J/（K·mol）,而粉体的氢化激活能为77.2 k J/mol。结果表明,采用电弧等离子体法在超细镁颗粒中加入Ti O2催化剂可显著增强镁的吸放氢动力学性能。     

变极性等离子电弧形态对电弧力的影响

研究了变极性等离子弧焊接工艺中,电弧形态及力学行为随焊接过程变化的现象,提出了变极性等离子电弧力学行为随电弧形态的改变而变化的规律。通过高速摄像以及对电弧力和电流的同步检测,证实了联合型等离子弧在反极性时间内易形成双弧的事实。     

Simulation analysis of double arc in plasma arc welding

Aimed at plasma arc welding, a mathematic model was established according to the theory of magnetic fluid dynamics. The model was numerically analyzed by ANSYS software. The temperature, current density and plasma velocity distributions of normal arc had been simulated and compared with those of double arc. The results show that the appearance of double arc has made the temperature of the nozzle rise up to 5 000 K. The appearance of side arc could make the current density of the main arc decrease, and also make the maximal temperature of the arc reduce.     

碳钢双丝与单丝等离子弧增材制造成形及组织特征分析

针对传统丝材等离子弧增材制造碳钢效率低、质量高的特点,提出了一种"双填丝+压缩等离子弧"增材制造工艺,并采用该工艺增材制造了试样,对比分析了双填丝与单填丝增材制造试样的成形尺寸、显微组织特征和力学性能.结果表明,相对于单填丝等离子弧增材制造工艺,采用新型双填丝等离子弧增材制造工艺,在相同的工艺条件下,熔敷效率提高了0.97倍;平均晶粒尺寸由18.75 μm细化到13.47 μm;试样纵向拉伸抗拉强度提高了62.64 MPa,横向拉伸抗拉强度提高了67.52 MPa;试样有效层的平均显微维氏硬度由158.95 HV0.5增加到175.34 HV0.5.