AZ31镁合金在TMPAC-AlCl3离子液体中电镀铝

采用TMPAC-AlCl3离子液体,在浸锌后的镁合金AZ31表面实施恒流电镀铝,采用电化学技术评估镀铝层的耐蚀性,并采用SEM/EDX等技术表征镀层。结果表明：在浸锌后的镁合金表面可获得表面光洁的银白色镀铝层。在不同的电流密度下,呈现出两种形貌不同的镀铝层;在较佳电流密度12.3mA/cm2时,镀铝层表面较致密;电镀时间越长,镀层越厚,镀铝层耐蚀性越好。     

镁合金表面前处理浸锌工艺及电镀铝研究

重点研究了镁合金前处理过程中浸锌工艺参数对浸锌效果的影响及电镀时电流密度对铝镀层品质的影响.利用SEM及EDS分析了浸锌层及镀层的表面形貌、断面形貌,结合力学性能和成分分析,确定了镁合金前处理方案及后序电镀时的电流密度.结果表明,选取ZnS4-K4P2O7体系浸锌液浸锌,在75℃时浸锌7 min可以得到较好的浸锌层,电镀时采用为3.5～4.0 A/dm2的电流密度得到的铝镀层结合性能好、均匀致密、纯度高.     

镁合金电镀锌前处理工艺

通过组织分析和性能检测研究了AZ31镁合金表面电镀锌的前处理工艺.结果表明:按活化、一次浸锌、退镀、二次浸锌的工艺,得到了均匀致密的浸锌层,其裸露的单质锌作为形核核心,促进了后续电镀.得到的镀锌层平整致密、外形美观,与基体结合力强,有效地提高了镁合金表面装饰性、抗腐蚀性和显微硬度.     

AZ31镁合金电镀前处理工艺研究

采用扫描电子显微分析、失重实验等手段和方法探讨AZ31镁合金电镀前处理工艺。结果表明,采用CrO₃+Fe(NO₃)₃+KF酸洗后试样表面光亮,基本无失重;采用H₃PO₄+NH4HF活化,可有效去除试样表层氧化物,增强基体和浸锌层的结合力;采用硫酸盐浸锌工艺可获得致密的浸锌层。通过分析温度、电流密度、pH值对浸锌层的影响规律,获得了最佳的浸锌工艺：30g/L ZnSO_4?7H₂O, 150 g/L K₄P₂O₇10H₂O,7 g/L KF, 5g/L Na₂CO₃, 温度70℃～75℃, pH=10.2～10.4 ,浸锌时间10 min。在此前处理基础上电镀锌,镀层和基体结合力较好。     

前处理工艺对AZ31镁合金浸锌层性能的影响

浸锌是镁合金电镀与化学镀之前的重要工艺,浸锌层的质量直接影响电镀层或化学镀层的性能。本工作采用扫描电镜(SEM)、动电位极化曲线等方法研究了酸洗和活化工艺对镁合金浸锌层质量的影响。结果表明,最优的酸洗工艺为:30ml/L 65%HNO3+0.5g/L硫脲,室温,时间20s;最优的活化工艺为:375ml/L HF(40%),室温,时间10min;经优化工艺前处理浸锌后能够得到晶粒细小均匀的浸锌层,而且浸锌层与基体结合良好,耐蚀性优良。     

前处理工艺对镁合金化学镀Ni-P质量的影响

采用扫描电镜和性能检测的方法,分析了表调、活化和浸锌等前处理工艺对镁合金化学镀Ni-P质量的影响.结果表明,表调可使晶界凸出于α-Mg基体,降低镁合金的表面粗糙度,提高化学镀层的结合强度.活化及浸锌后,促进了化学镀的进行.按表调、活化、一次浸锌、退镀、二次浸锌的工艺进行前处理后实施化学镀,得到的Ni-P镀层致密、平整,与基体结合力强,有效提高了镁合金表面耐蚀性及显微硬度.     

浸锌工艺对铝/电镀镍结合强度的影响

为了研究浸锌工艺对铝的表面形貌以及铝/电镀镍之间结合强度的影响规律,分别对铝进行一次浸锌和二次浸锌处理,然后进行电镀操作并得到铝/电镀镍试样。通过拉伸试验测量铝/电镀镍之间的结合强度,并利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)考察铝表面、铝/电镀镍试样的截面及拉伸断面的形貌和化学成分。结果表明:铝在电镀前经一次浸锌处理后,铝/电镀镍结合强度为10.7MPa;经二次浸锌处理后,铝/电镀镍结合强度优于一次浸锌处理的,可达28.5 MPa。硅在一次浸锌层中形成夹杂物,导致铝受到镀液的腐蚀,是造成一次浸锌处理后铝/电镀镍结合强度较差的主要原因。     

AZ91D镁合金在氯化胆碱-尿素离子液体中电镀Zn的研究

采用价廉、环保和稳定性好的氯化胆碱-尿素离子液体作为溶剂,在AZ91D镁合金上进行电镀Zn研究,包括AZ91D基体的前处理机制及电流方式对镀层形貌及耐腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,经前处理的AZ91D镁合金在氯化胆碱-尿素离子液体中电镀可获得Zn镀层,脉冲电镀比恒流电镀更利于获得致密均匀、与基体结合良好的Zn层;脉冲电镀Zn层后,基体AZ91D镁合金的开路电位OCP从-1610 mV正移至-1072 mV,腐蚀电流I_(corr)从14.9μA/cm~2降为6.9μA/cm~2,与纯Zn(OCP=-1078 mV,I_(corr)=6.6μA/cm~2)相当。     

AZ91D镁合金表面化学镀镍工艺的研究

研究了以NiSO4·6H2O为主盐在AZ91D镁合金表面进行化学镀镍及其电化学原理,比较了浸锌和不浸锌施镀对镀镍层的影响.结果表明AZ91D经过浸锌处理后施镀Ni-P层更容易沉积,通过二次浸锌后获得的化学镀镍层致密、平整,对镁合金基体有较好的保护作用.     

AZ91D镁合金电镀铜前处理工艺研究

用电化学法和表面形貌观察研究AZ91D镁合金电镀铜前酸洗活化及浸锌过程的一些主要影响因素．结果表明,镁合金的酸洗活化液组成对镁合金表面的光洁度有较大影响,复合组分（C2H2O4·2H2O＋NaF）酸洗活化效果明显好于单一组分（C2H2O4·2H2O）的酸洗活化液,酸洗活化的温度以常温为宜．最佳酸洗活化工艺为：12g／L...     

Mg3Sb2含量对Al-Mg3Sb2复相涂层耐磨性的影响

目的研究Mg_3Sb_2含量对Al-Mg_3Sb_2复相涂层的组织、硬度和摩擦学性能的影响,对比分析AZ31B镁合金基体、纯Al涂层和添加不同含量的Mg_3Sb_2之后涂层性能的差异。方法通过火焰喷涂技术在AZ31B镁合金表面制备了Al-Mg_3Sb_2复相涂层。利用扫描电镜(SEM)观察了涂层的截面形貌,利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析了涂层的物相组成。通过显微硬度计测试了AZ31B和涂层的硬度,通过摩擦磨损试验仪测试了AZ31B和涂层的摩擦学性能,并通过超景深三维显微镜测试了试样的磨痕宽度、深度及磨损体积。结果经火焰喷涂后可得到组织致密的复相涂层,涂层中的物相主要为Mg_3Sb_2和Al。涂层的平均硬度随Mg_3Sb_2含量的增加而增加,最高可达334.2HV0.025,是AZ31B的4.14倍。摩擦磨损试验中,涂层的摩擦系数随着Mg_3Sb_2含量的增加而减小,但都大于AZ31B的摩擦系数;涂层的磨损率随着Mg_3Sb_2含量的增加而减小,60%Mg_3Sb_2和80%Mg_3Sb_2涂层的磨损率小于AZ31B的磨损率,其他涂层的磨损率大于AZ31B的磨损率,80%Mg_3Sb_2涂层的耐磨性最好,比AZ31B下降了63.26%。随着Mg_3Sb_2含量的增加,Al-Mg_3Sb_2复相涂层的磨痕表面犁沟逐渐变浅并消失。结论 Mg_3Sb_2的加入可以提高涂层的硬度,随着其含量的增加,涂层的耐磨性逐渐提高。     

Formation of a protective layer against corrosion on Mg alloy via alkali pretreatment followed by vanillic acid treatment

Although Mg alloy possesses high specific strength, low density, and good biocompatibility, poor corrosion resistance hinders its further applications. In the present study, an innovative protective layer against corrosion was prepared on the AZ31 Mg alloy via alkali pretreatment followed by vanillic acid treatment. The alkali pretreatment supplied –OH for the AZ31 Mg alloy surface to react with vanillic acid. The vanillic acid treatment played a crucial role in enhancing the corrosion resistance due to the excellent ability to act as a barrier and retard aqueous solution penetration, which effectively isolated the underlying Mg alloy from the corrosive environment. The corrosion current density of alkali and vanillic acid-treated Mg alloy (AZ31V) almost showed two orders of magnitude lower values in comparison with that of the AZ31 Mg alloy, and the corrosion potential of AZ31V Mg alloy increased from −1.41 to −1.25 V. The immersion tests proved that there was no occurrence of severe corrosion. Hence, the alkali pretreatment and vanillic acid treatment may represent a promising method to improve the corrosion resistance of Mg alloy.     

Thermal Stability of Nanocrystalline AZ31 Magnesium Alloy Fabricated by Surface Mechanical Attrition Treatment

A nanocrystalline layer(NL) was fabricated on the surface of AZ31 magnesium(Mg) alloy sheet by surface mechanical attrition treatment(SMAT). The microstructure of the Mg alloy was characterized by optical microscopy,X-ray diffraction and microhardness test. The results showed that both the microstructure and microhardness of AZ31 Mg alloy sheet after SMAT revealed a gradient distribution along depth from surface to center. The thermal stability of the NL was investigated through characterizing the microstructure evolution during the post-isothermal annealing treatment within the temperature range from 150 to 250 ℃. The NL exhibits a certain degree of thermal stability below 150 ℃, while it disappears quickly when annealing at the temperature range of 200–250 ℃. The grain growth kinetics of the nanocrystalline of AZ31 Mg alloy induced by SMAT was investigated. The activation energy of nanocrystalline AZ31 Mg alloy was obtained with a value of 92.8 k J/mol.     

铝镁双金属反向等温包覆挤压棒材耐腐蚀性能

利用反向等温包覆挤压技术制备了直径38 mm的铝包覆镁合金复合挤压棒材,采用浸泡实验和电化学工作站进行腐蚀分析,对比研究铝镁双金属反向等温挤压棒材表层、芯部及铝镁包覆结合界面层在3.5%NaCl溶液中腐蚀前后的微观组织形貌、腐蚀失重率、极化曲线、阻抗谱等。结果表明:铝镁合金在挤压过程中发生再结晶,包覆结合界面层析出β(Al3Mg2)相和γ(Mg17Al12)相,而未包覆挤压镁合金,在晶界处析出γ(Mg17Al12)相。相比于未包覆状态而言,反向等温包覆挤压棒材在腐蚀过程中,包覆铝表面层更容易富集腐蚀产物形成钝化膜抑制腐蚀进行。因此这一双金属包覆反向等温复合挤压技术有利于提高AZ31镁合金型材的耐腐蚀性能。     

Effect of Vanadium Nitride (VN) Particles on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Extruded AZ31 Mg Alloy

The effect of vanadium nitride (VN) particles additives on microstructure and mechanical properties of the extruded AZ31 Mg alloy was systematically investigated. The experimental results revealed that the addition of 0.5 wt% VN decreased the average grain size of AZ31 Mg alloy from 6.4 to 4.9 µm. With the increase in VN content, the refining effect would weaken because excessive VN particles would negatively affect the dynamic recrystallization process of the alloys. The scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy indicated that AlN, VN and Al-V-N particles with different morphologies were distributed in the streamline along the extrusion direction during the extrusion process. The mechanical properties of AZ31 Mg alloy vary with the addition of VN. The extruded AZ31 + 0.5 wt% VN Mg alloy possesses an excellent combination of high strength and ductility. The yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of the extruded AZ31 + 0.5 wt% VN Mg alloy were increased without sacrificing ductility. This is mainly due to the grain refinement caused by double-heterogeneous nucleation particles. With a further increase in VN content, the presence of excessive VN particles increases the stress concentration, and the initiation source of microcracks in the alloy during alloy deformation makes the cracks more easily propagated and results in a decrease in the ductility of the extruded alloy.     

AZ镁合金在高氯酸镁溶液中的电化学行为

用失重、线性电位扫描、交流阻抗、恒流放电等多种方法研究了AZ镁合金在1.0 mol/L Mg(ClO4)2溶液中的电化学行为,考察了它们作为镁电池负极材料的性能。浸泡与伏安实验结果表明,AZ21的自腐蚀比AZ31和AZ61严重;AZ21和AZ31的电化学活性优于AZ61,表现为阳极极化小,开路电位负。交流阻抗结果表明AZ21、AZ31、AZ61的Rct值逐渐增加。恒电流放电发现,AZ31的放电电位负且稳定;电流效率为82%,高于AZ21和AZ61;滞后时间2 s,小于AZ21和AZ61。可望用于Mg电池。     

Corrosion protection of AZ31 magnesium alloy by silane film of partly hydrolysed BTESPT

Abstract

The corrosion protective behaviour of bis-[triethoxysilylpropyl]tetrasulphide (BTESPT) silane film formed by partly hydrolysed BTESPT on AZ31 Mg alloy was investigated. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used for structural characterisation of the silane film. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDS) analysis were used for observation of surface morphology and elements analysis of the film. The corrosion behaviours of bare and the silane treated AZ31 Mg alloy in 3·5 wt-%NaCl solution were studied using electrochemical polarisation test, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and immersion test. The results demonstrate that bare AZ31 Mg alloy endures severe corrosion even in NaCl water solution at pH 12, although the corrosion is lighter than that in neutral and acidic NaCl water solution, and that the BTESPT silane film can improve the corrosion protection performances of AZ31 Mg alloy and a lower corrosion rate correlated with higher pH.     

AZ31镁合金沉积类金刚石薄膜的表面形貌和腐蚀行为

为了改善镁合金的耐蚀性,扩展其应用范围,采用等离子全方位离子镀膜技术在AZ31镁合金表面沉积了含有Si-N和Si-O的2种类金刚石(Diamond-like carbon,DLC)薄膜,研究了其表面形貌及其在3.5%NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为,探究了DLC薄膜对AZ31镁合金腐蚀行为的影响。利用SEM和AFM观察了AZ31镁合金表面沉积DLC薄膜的表面形貌,采用电化学法测试表面沉积DLC薄膜的AZ31镁合金在3.5%NaCl溶液中的极化曲线和开路电位,通过拉伸试验测试其在空气和3.5%NaCl溶液中的应力应变。结果表明:镁合金试样表面的DLC薄膜光滑致密,在3.5%NaCl溶液中表面沉积DLC薄膜AZ31镁合金的极化行为与表面未沉积DLC薄膜AZ31镁合金相似,表面沉积DLC薄膜AZ31镁合金电位正向移动,耐蚀性提高;与表面未沉积DLC薄膜AZ31镁合金相比,在空气中,表面沉积DLC薄膜AZ31镁合金极限抗拉强度与其接近,延伸率略低;在3.5%NaCl溶液中,表面沉积DLC薄膜AZ31镁合金极限抗拉强度略有降低,延伸率略高。     

Hydroxyapatite coating of AZ31 magnesium alloy by a solution treatment and its corrosion behavior in NaCl solution

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) coatings were formed directly on AZ31 magnesium alloy and pure Mg in a 250 mmol/L C₁₀H₁₂N₂O₈Na₂Ca aqueous solution of pH 8.9. Treatment time was varied from 2 h to 6 h. Crystal phase, morphology and composition of the coatings were investigated. Immersion and polarization tests in a 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution were performed to examine the corrosion behavior of the HAp-coated specimens. The HAp coating of AZ31 with short treatment time had defects which decreased with an increase in treatment time. The HAp coatings of AZ31 consisted of an inner dense layer and an outer coarse layer in the similar manner for pure Mg. The inner layer on AZ31 was composed of dome-shape precipitates densely packed. The outer layer was composed of rod-like crystals growing from each dome in the radial direction. The (002) plane of HAp of inner layer and rod-like crystals roughly oriented to the substrate. Magnesium ion-release and corrosion current density were remarkably reduced with HAp coatings. Each of these values was on the same order of magnitude between HAp-coated AZ31 and pure Mg. The ion release from AZ31 slightly decreased with an increase in treatment time. The original inner dense layer of AZ31 remained after the immersion. It is suggested that the protectiveness of HAp coating relays on the inner layer and does not significantly depend on the kind of Mg substrate.     

The influence of carbon nanotubes on the corrosion behaviour of AZ31B magnesium alloy

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are an effective reinforcement for magnesium (Mg) and its alloys due to their excellent mechanical properties. However, due to their quite different electrical properties compared to other carbon allotropes, the influence of CNTs on the corrosion of Mg is expected to be different. For this reason, the corrosion of AZ31B Mg alloy based composite with CNTs (AZ31B/CNT composite) was investigated with immersion tests, polarization tests and surface potential measurements. The galvanic corrosion between the Mg matrix and CNTs played an important role in the corrosion behaviour of the AZ31B/CNT composite.