电子封装微纳连接技术及失效行为研究进展

微纳连接技术是电子封装中的关键技术,近年来,随着电子产品逐渐小型化、轻量化的方向发展,各种先进的微纳连接层出不穷,但仍缺少系统的归纳及总结. 文中对引线键合技术,熔化微连接技术、软钎焊技术、纳米焊膏烧结技术、导电胶连接技术、表面活化键合技术及新兴的纳米连接技术等具有代表性的微纳连接技术进行了综述,并针对软钎焊焊点在热载荷、电载荷、机械载荷及多物理场耦合作用下微互连的失效行为研究进行了总结. 结果表明,未来的微纳连接技术将朝向互连尺寸更加微小,互连方法逐渐智能化,互连材料更加绿色,互连焊点更可靠的方向发展. 软钎焊互连焊点的失效行为分析也将逐渐从单一热场、电场载荷的研究拓展至热—电—力多物理场耦合载荷,与实际工况更加贴合,随着如同步辐射,三维X射线等先进表征技术的不断发展,失效行为及机制的研究也将更加精准.     

微连接技术在植入式医疗器件中的应用及研究进展

植入式医疗器件是医疗保健业的关键器件,由于该器件在人体内工作,要求采用细小并且具有生物相容性的材料及高可靠性的连接工艺.新型材料的应用、构件的微细化和复杂化以及连接的高可靠性都要求加强微连接技术的研究.除电子封装外,微连接技术主要体现在微激光焊和微电阻焊上.文中对医用材料的应用状况进行了简述,从工艺研究及连接机理两个方面分别介绍了微激光焊和微电阻焊的研究进展,以心脏起搏器为例介绍了微连接技术在植入式医疗器件中应用,并综合分析了微连接技术所面临的挑战.     

纳米尺度连接技术的研究现状与展望

纳米材料以其特有的结构和性质而得到了广泛应用,纳米尺度的连接技术也随之逐渐发展起来,在电子、宇航、生物医疗等领域具有广阔的应用前景.介绍了纳米材料的微观效应,并综述了纳米尺度连接技术的研究进展,其中主要介绍了纳米固相连接、纳米钎焊和纳米熔化焊的研究现状,分析了在纳米尺度进行材料连接时,一些现象和物理过程与宏观连接时的区别,同时指出了分子动力学方法在纳米连接领域的作用,最后对纳米尺度连接技术的应用前景进行了展望.     

形状记忆合金连接技术的研究进展

综述了TiNi基、Cu基、Fe基三种形状记忆合金连接技术的最新研究进展.重点阐述了TiNi基形状记忆合金与同质及异质材料的熔焊、钎焊、扩散焊过程中存在的问题,讨论了不同合金元素和连接工艺对接头性能的影响.并指出钎焊和扩散焊技术具有明显的优势,是未来形状记忆合金连接技术的发展方向.简单介绍了形状记忆合金连接技术的应用现状,并对SMA连接件在各领域的应用进行了展望.     

铍的连接技术研究进展

作为最轻的金属之一铍具有许多优异性能，因而在电子工业、航天航空和国防工业广泛应用。对铍的连接技术，如钎焊、扩散焊、熔化焊等焊接方法现状进行了分析，并介绍了具体连接方法，提出了存在的问题和解决办法，有助于提高铍的连接质量。     

陶瓷/金属异质钎焊连接研究进展

钎焊作为制造业中材料连接较广泛的方法之一,在医疗、电力电子和汽车等领域广泛应用,国内外学术界认为钎焊是陶瓷/金属异质连接中最有效、最具有发展潜力的连接方式。本文主要对近20年国内外有关陶瓷/金属钎焊异质连接的研究报道进行详细综述。首先综述了陶瓷/金属钎焊的研究概况,其次分别从氧化物陶瓷、碳化物陶瓷、氮化物陶瓷、陶瓷基复合材料四种陶瓷材料方面以及活性金属钎焊、空气反应钎焊、接触反应钎焊、玻璃钎焊和超声波辅助钎焊五种钎焊方法详细评述陶瓷/金属异质钎焊的研究进展。然后介绍了陶瓷/金属异质钎焊在医疗、电力电子和汽车领域的应用,最后指出陶瓷/金属异质钎焊技术研究和发展过程中存在的不足,并展望陶瓷/金属异质钎焊技术未来发展的方向,为陶瓷/金属异质材料连接的相关研究和工程应用提供理论依据和技术支撑。     

冰箱制冷系统铜铝管的连接方法

介绍了国内外冰箱制造行业在制冷管路系统中铜铝管连接时所采用的电阻焊、爆炸焊、摩擦焊、储能焊、钎焊以及洛克环密封、热溶胶密封等各种方法，对这些工艺方法和成本进行综合分析和比较，认为钎焊、电阻焊是比较理想的铜铝管连接方法。     

陶瓷与金属连接技术的研究进展

实现陶瓷与金属的可靠连接既可充分发挥陶瓷与金属的性能互补,同时又能扩大陶瓷材料的应用领域,满足现代工程应用的需要.文中介绍了各种连接方法的机理及特点,重点介绍了有广阔应用前景的钎焊、扩散焊以及瞬间液相连接工艺.     

关于蓝宝石与金属连接方法的研究

蓝宝石与金属材料由于性质之间的巨大差异,要实现两者的连接十分困难.为了使它们的连接接头性能满足使用环境的要求,学者们前期进行了很多连接方法的研究,如熔焊、玻璃焊、钎焊等.文中对蓝宝石与金属的连接方法作了综述,着重讨论了不同连接方法的连接工艺、接头性能和微观组织,指出活性钎焊将成为蓝宝石与金属的主导连接方法之一.     

TiAl合金连接技术的研究进展

综述了目前常用的几种TiAl合金连接技术,包括电子束焊、摩擦焊、钎焊与扩散连接,对这几种连接方法进行了比较,并对其今后的发展方向进行了展望.     

玻璃与金属连接技术研究进展

玻璃与金属连接技术已广泛应用于传感器的制造、包装及密封,因此研究玻璃与金属的连接有重要的科学意义和极大的工程价值。综述了玻璃-金属连接的基本问题:玻璃-金属连接的热应力与残余应力、玻璃表面的润湿及界面反应问题;较全面地介绍了几种连接工艺—匹配封接、阳极键合、钎焊、激光辅助连接、超声波摩擦焊、半固态连接及胶接;并提出了采用低温连接工艺来解决由于界面残余应力所引起的接头强度不高而失效是未来研究的重点。     

TiAl基合金及其连接技术的研究进展

综述了TiAl基合金熔焊和固态连接的研究状况,主要包括弧焊、激光焊、电子束焊、钎焊、扩散焊、自蔓延高温合成和摩擦焊等连接方法,分析了各种方法用于TiAl基合金连接时的优缺点.由于TiAl基合金室温塑性差,采用熔焊方法连接时焊后冷却速度块,接头组织淬硬倾向大,易形成固态裂纹.固态连接方法大多可控制焊接热循环,焊接过程中加热峰值温度相对较低,对母材组织影响小,可避免裂纹等缺陷,因而采用固态连接方法具有优势.如果能进一步降低冷却速度,则将熔焊方法用于TiAl基合金的连接有很好的应用前景.     

Laser brazing of a dissimilar joint of austenitic stainless steel and pure copper

In many industries, there are applications that require the joining of stainless steel and copper components; therefore, the welding of dissimilar stainless steel/copper joints is a common process. For this investigation, the optimal brazing conditions and suitable filler metals for laser brazing of stainless steel/copper lap joints were studied. Tensile shear force increases with increases in the laser spot diameter or in the laser irradiation angle, which is associated with increased bonding width; however, as bonding width approaches 2 mm, tensile shear force reaches a saturated value due to fracturing at the HAZ of the Cu base plate. In order to obtain joints with high tensile shear strength, laser brazing was optimized by using Cu–Si-based filler metal under the following conditions: laser power, 4 kW; spot diameter, 3 mm; laser irradiation angle, 80°; irradiation position shift, 0.6 mm; brazing speed, 0.30 m/min; and filler metal feed speed, 0.30 min. Concerning filler metals, it was found that the Ni–Cu type showed relatively large tensile shear force even at high welding speeds in comparison with those of the Cu–Si, Cu, Cu–Ni, Ni–Cu and Ni types, respectively.     

Al_2O_3陶瓷与可伐合金钎焊的研究进展

Al_2O_3陶瓷与可伐合金复合构件在电子封装、航空设备和机械工程等领域均有广阔的应用前景,但因Al_2O_3陶瓷与可伐合金理化性能的差异,焊接界面常存在焊接残余应力大、难以形成良好化学冶金结合等问题。总结Al_2O_3陶瓷与可伐合金采用真空钎焊、部分液相瞬时钎焊和镀膜钎焊的研究进展,阐述Al_2O_3陶瓷与可伐合金同钎料之间界面结合机理,展望Al_2O_3陶瓷与可伐合金钎焊的发展趋势。     

Laser nano-manufacturing – State of the art and challenges

This paper provides an overview of advances in laser based nano-manufacturing technologies including surface nano-structure manufacturing, production of nano materials (nanoparticles, nanotubes and nanowires) and 3D nano-structures manufacture through multiple layer additive techniques and nano-joining/forming. Examples of practical applications of laser manufactured nano-structures, materials and components are given. A discussion on the challenges and outlooks in laser nano-manufacturing is presented.     

国际钎焊技术最新进展

总结了最近3年来的4次国际焊接会议有关钎焊技术的最新进展.介绍了轻合金(包括铝合金、钛合金、镁合金)用新型钎料(或钎剂),锡基、Au-Ge等低温钎料,以及陶瓷钎焊用高温钎料的最新研究成果;新颖的纳米复合钎料和纳米叠层箔带中间层扩散焊技术的研究得到了关注;特殊的钎焊新工艺,包括超声波辅助钎焊、气体保护电弧钎焊、等离子钎焊...     

Evaluation of the Low Heat Input Process for Weld Repair of Nickel-Base Superalloys

The repair of turbine blades and vanes commonly involves gas tungsten arc welding or an equivalent process, but unfortunately these components are often susceptible to heat-affected zone (HAZ) cracking during the weld repair process. This is a major problem especially in cast alloys due to their coarse-grain size and where the (Al + Ti) contents is in excess of 3-4%; vacuum brazing is also used but mainly on low stress non-rotating components such as vanes. Micro-welding has the potential to deposit small amounts of filler at low heat input levels with minimum HAZ and thus is an attractive process for depositing a quality weld. As with conventional fusion processes, the filler alloy is deposited by the generation of a low power arc between a consumable electrode and the substrate. The low heat input of this process offers unique advantages over more common welding processes such as gas tungsten arc, plasma arc, laser, and electron beam welding. In this study, the low heat input characteristic of micro-welding has been used to simulate weld repair using Inconel (IN) (Inconel and IN are trademarks of INCO Alloys International) 625, Rene (Rene is a trademark of General Electric Company) 41, Nimonic (Nimonic is a trademark of INCO Alloys International) 105 and Inconel 738LC filler alloys, to a cast Inconel 738LC substrate. The effect of micro-welding process parameters on the deposition rate, coating quality, and substrate has been investigated.     

Laser and resistance joining of aluminum–graphite composite

This research investigates welding and brazing of Al–Gr composite using different joining techniques. Limited success is obtained for laser welding since laser degrades the mechanical properties at the weld due to defects in the resolidified aluminum matrix, delamination of graphite fibers, and formation of brittle aluminum carbide Al₄C₃. Brazing is the preferred technique since the low brazing temperature of filler material suppresses the formation of Al₄C₃ while minimizing shrinkage cavities in the joint. Microstructural study and shear testing confirms the success of joining Al–Gr by laser brazing and resistance brazing with Zn–Al filler.     

Characterization of the Micro-Welding Process for Repair of Nickel Base Superalloys

Micro-welding is a low-heat input process whereby a metal or cermet, is deposited by the generation of a low-power arc between a consumable electrode and a substrate. The low-heat input of this process offers unique advantages over more common welding processes such as gas tungsten arc, plasma arc, laser, and electron beam welding. At present, the repair of turbine blades and vanes commonly involves gas tungsten arc welding and these components are susceptible to heat affected zone cracking during the weld repair process; vacuum brazing is also used but mainly on low-stress components such as stators. In this study, the low-heat input characteristic of micro-welding has been utilized to simulate repair of Inconel (Trade Mark of Special Metals) 625, Inconel 718, and Inconel 722 filler alloys to a cast Inconel 738 substrate. The effect of micro-welding process parameters on the deposition rate, coating quality, and substrate has been investigated.