铝合金手机壳冷挤压拉深复合成形工艺及优化

针对带有螺柱及侧边的铝合金手机壳零件,提出了冷挤压拉深复合成形工艺,并基于有限元软件探讨了铝合金手机壳的成形规律。结果表明,初始阶段,材料以平面流动为主,同时流向凸模的螺柱孔;当材料充满凹模型腔后,开始拉深成形侧边;最后,凸模底部的材料大量流向未充满的侧边与螺柱,直至手机壳完全成形。通过试验设计,以工作载荷最小为优化目标,对手机壳成形的坯料厚度、剪切摩擦系数及变形速度三个关键工艺参数进行优化。结果表明,坯料厚度为3mm、剪切摩擦系数为0.12及变形速度为150mm·s-1时工作载荷最小,且数值模拟结果与试验结果吻合。     

薄壁不锈钢数码相机外壳液压成形工艺研究

数码相机外壳是形状复杂的非旋转体不规则结构薄壳形件,文章基于其工艺难点及形状特征分析,采用1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢板材进行了不同液压加载路径下的充液拉深成形实验,并结合有限元模拟,分析了液压加载与凸模运动的不同匹配关系对成形结果的影响;针对各种成形缺陷分析其产生原因,并确定了合适的成形工艺参数,模拟结果与实验吻合良好。在室温条件下,以1mm/s～2mm/s的凸模速度进行液压成形,在液压载荷最高为20MPa时,成功试制出表面质量好、结构精度高的薄壁不锈钢数码相机外壳。研究结果为复杂结构薄壳形件液压成形工艺参数的确定和优化设计奠定了基础,并为采用液压成形工艺生产和加工电子器件不锈钢外壳提供实验和理论依据。     

枝杈类锻件挤压成形折叠缺陷影响参数分析

面向枝杈类锻件挤压成形过程中的折叠缺陷,基于正交设计法,采用数值模拟与实验相结合的方法研究成形参数对折叠缺陷的影响。数值模拟结果表明:折叠长度随冲头底锥相对直径d/D(d为冲头底锥直径,D为挤压筒直径)、枝杈角度α的增大而增大,随枝杈根部圆角半径r、模具圆弧外端与冲头环形平面距离h的增大而减小。通过极差分析,发现对折叠长度的影响程度依次为:冲头底锥相对直径d/D,模具圆弧外端与冲头环形平面距离h,枝杈角度α,圆角半径r。挤压成形实验的实验结果与数值模拟结果相吻合,验证了数值模拟的准确性,可供枝杈类锻件的无缺陷锻造参考。     

直齿圆柱齿轮冷挤压可控运动凹模成形工艺

为降低直齿圆柱齿轮冷挤压成形载荷和改善齿形角隅部分充填性,在分析直齿圆柱齿轮成形过程中金属流动特性基础上,提出了采用可控运动凹模的成形工艺。利用Deform-3D软件对此成形工艺过程中的金属流动规律、成形载荷、成形缺陷进行了数值模拟分析,并对该工艺进行了优化。分析结果表明,当凹模速度为冲头速度的1/2时,成形过程中齿形充填均匀、齿形角隅部分充填饱满,成形载荷最小,较传统单向挤压成形载荷降低了约20%。对优化后的成形工艺进行了成形试验研究,试验成形齿轮齿形饱满,无塌角缺陷,试验结果与模拟结果基本吻合。     

汽车结合齿冷锻工艺分析及数值模拟

在分析了汽车结合齿成形工艺后,初步确定了模具结构。运用Deform-3D有限元软件对两种成形工艺方案进行了数值模拟。凹模底部做成通孔后的载荷降至初始载荷的50%。锻件成形良好,未出现折叠缺陷。对锻件的主要几何参数进行了优化,发现内孔直径52 mm、圆角半径2 mm、齿形长度8 mm时成形载荷最小。最后,对倒锥齿形的成形过程进行了模拟,并设计出模具结构。     

镁合金汽车控制臂锻造过程的数值模拟

用DEFORM-3D模拟软件,对镁合金汽车控制臂等温热模锻成形工艺过程进行了数值模拟。得到了锻造变形过程中的等效速度场、等效应力场的分布。结果表明,在模锻温度400℃,上模工作速度3 mm/s时,成形的AZ81镁合金控制臂质量较好。     

轴承套圈反挤压成形参数的数值模拟

为优化模具结构,减少缺陷的产生,研究了轴承套圈反挤压过程中的应力、应变和载荷.以某轴承型号为例,使用Deform软件对轴承套圈反挤压过程进行数值模拟,比较了不同的冲头倒角和料芯厚度与冲头载荷之间的关系.结果显示,冲头倒角在4mm时载荷最小,料芯厚度小于7.5mm时冲头载荷显著增大.实际生产结果表明,使用模拟参数设计的模...     

基于灰色系统理论的推挤成形工艺参数优化

以推挤成形过程中压料力、冲头速度、摩擦因数和顶件力工艺参数为自变量,以零件底部膨胀厚度、成形载荷为目标函数,进行正交试验,模拟异形孔推挤成形,获得成形工艺参数与零件底部膨胀厚度、成形载荷的多目标函数值。采用灰色系统理论,分析各成形工艺参数与多目标的平均关联度,优化成形工艺参数,获得较优的成形工艺参数组合。结果表明,优化后的工艺参数减少了零件底部膨胀厚度,降低了成形载荷。     

AZ31镁合金板的热拉深性能

通过热轧工艺制备了厚度为0.8 mm的AZ31镁合金薄板. 在不同温度和应变速率条件下进行了单向拉伸试验. 在50～240 ℃的温度范围内, 采用平底杯形冲头拉深试验研究了成形温度、拉深速度以及冲头温度对AZ31镁合金板热拉深工艺的影响. 结果表明 AZ31镁合金热轧薄板的RLD随温度的升高而明显增大; 在成形温度为200 ℃, 拉深速度为30 mm/min的条件下, 最大RLD可达2.65, 相应的高径比为1.4, 证明AZ31镁合金板具有良好的热拉深性能; 此外, 拉深速度和冲头温度对AZ31镁合金的拉深成形也有重要影响.     

AZ31镁合金板材温热冲压数值模拟与实验研究

采用Gleeble3500热模拟实验机进行了单向拉伸实验,分析了AZ31镁合金板材的力学性能;以此实验数据为基础,对温热冲压过程进行了数值模拟,研究了拉深温度、压边力等工艺因素对镁合金板材成形性能的影响;通过极限拉深比实验,对数值模拟结果进行了实验验证。结果表明:在极限拉深温度150℃,极限拉深速度15 mm/s,固定压边力的工艺条件下,极限拉深比能够达到2.5。模拟结果表明:模拟结果和实验结果具有良好的一致性;采用变压边力可以明显提高板材的冲压性能,极限拉深比将达到5.0。     

方截面轻体件的内高压成形研究

管坯内压液力成形工艺由于能够节省材料、降低成本、提高零件机械性,因此近年来在汽车、航空航天等领域中得到了广泛应用。本文针对目前该工艺存在的轴向量与内压之间的匹配关系问题,通过有限元模拟手段分析了由圆柱管坯成形空心方截面零件过程中加载路径对工艺的影响,为该工艺面向生产提供了一定的参考依据。     

5083铝合金三通内高压成形模拟研究

为探讨5083铝合金等径正三通的内高压成形规律,采用有限元模拟首先分析了成形过程的变形情况,其次研究了壁厚以及应力、应变的分布,用成形时应力、应变的变化解释了形成厚度分布趋势的原因。模拟结果表明,支管顶部壁厚减薄,主管以及与冲头接触处明显增厚。在内高压成形的三通铝合金管在几何尺寸及壁厚分布方面,实验结果与有限元模拟值基本吻合。     

Y型异径三通管热态内高压成形研究

基于Dynaform软件平台,建立了Y型异径三通管三维弹塑性有限元模型。运用数值模拟方法,研究了AZ31镁合金Y型异径三通管热态内高压成形过程、成形缺陷、等效应变分布。探讨了初始管坯长度、左右冲头轴向进给量与成形支管高度之间的关系;研究得到了相同支管长度下成形不同Y型夹角三通管所需的左右冲头进给量。结果表明：随着初始管坯长度减小,支管高度随之增加;在左右进给量相同的情况下,左侧金属流向支管阻力更小,支管高度增加明显;随着Y型夹角的增大,右侧冲头进给增加,轴向补料比减小,总补料比增加,当夹角为90°时,左右补料相同。     

内压加载路径对汽车前梁内高压成形质量的影响

为了探索工艺参数对内高压成形工艺的影响,对异型截面的汽车前梁内高压成形过程进行了实验研究,材料选用3A21铝合金,采用了两类内压加载路径,对成形外观及壁厚分布进行了比较和分析。实验结果表明,低压合模高压整形的双线性加载较单线性加载路径在成形外观、壁厚分布以及防止缺陷方面优越很多。圆弧过渡区是异型截面零件最大减薄处,双线性加载情况下减薄率达到12％,是容易发生破裂缺陷的区域。     

Two-stage cold stamping of magnesium alloy cups having small corner radius

A two-stage cold stamping process for forming magnesium alloy cups having a small corner radius from commercial magnesium alloy sheets was developed. In the 1st stage, a cup having large corner radius was formed by deep drawing using a punch having large corner radius, and the corner radius of the cup was decreased by compressing the side wall in the 2nd stage. In the deep drawing of the 1st stage, fracture was prevented by decreasing the concentration of deformation with the punch having large corner radius. The magnesium alloy sheets were annealed at 500 °C to increase the cold formability. Circular and square cups having small corner radii were formed by the two-stage cold stamping. For the circular cup, the height of the cup was increased by ironing the side wall in the 1st stage. The radii of the bottom and side corners of the square cup were reduced by a rubber punch for applying pressure at these corners in the 2nd stage. It was found that comparatively shallow magnesium alloy square cups used as cases of laptop computers and mobile phones can be satisfactorily formed at room temperature without heating by the two-stage stamping.     

Investigation into the pre-forming's effect during multi-stages of tube hydroforming of aluminum alloy tube by using useful wrinkles

Tube hydroforming is a process for manufacturing of lightweight components, especially automotive parts, with advantages of cost and weight reduction, better structural integrity and increased strength and stiffness over the conventional stamping process. Generally, the hydroformed parts can be obtained by multi-stages made up of bending, pre-forming and finishing. Based on the characters of FEM and using the useful wrinkles, the process of multi-stages was investigated by using an aluminum alloy. For avoiding the typical failure modes such as folding back, wrinkling, buckling and fracture due to unreasonable selection of the internal pressure and the axial punch feeding, the optimization strategy was created and the process parameters were optimized by using “useful” wrinkles instead of “harmful” wrinkles in the pre-forming stage and in the finishing stage. The suitable pre-forming die cavity shape was discussed. The results from simulation keep a reasonable agreement with that from experiment.     

Optimal Programming of Multi-point Cushion Systems for Sheet Metal Forming

Numerical optimization technique coupled with finite element analysis of the stamping/sheet hydroforming process was developed to predict four possible modes for application of blank holder force (BHF) in multiple-point cushion systems, namely a) BHF constant in space/location and time/stroke, b) BHF variable in time/stroke and constant in space/location, c) BHF variable in space/location and constant in time/stroke and d) BHF variable in space/location and time/stroke. The BHF was predicted by (a) minimizing the risk of failure by tearing (thinning) in the formed part and (b) avoiding wrinkling. The developed technique was applied to predict the BHF to form a) an automotive part (liftgate-inner) from AA6111-T4 aluminum alloy, b) an asymmetric part from aluminum alloy AA5083-H32 by sheet hydroforming process with die (SHF-D) and c) a round cup by sheet hydroforming with punch (SHF-P). Experimental results showed that the FEM based optimization methodology can reduce trial and error effort and is able to predict the blank holder force necessary to form the parts without fracture and wrinkling in the investigated stamping and sheet hydroforming operations.     

AZ31镁合金薄板手机外壳温冲模具设计及成形性能研究

设计并制造了AZ31镁合金薄板的手机外壳温冲模具,并对其成形性能进行试验研究。试验表明,eta/DYNAFORM有限元模拟软件能够较好的验证模具设计的合理性和分析AZ31镁合金薄板冲压成形性能,通过合理地选取模具参数,并对拉伸速度、润滑条件、坯料以及凸、凹模温度等主要影响因素的控制,可有效地解决AZ31镁合金拉伸生产过程中的拉裂缺陷,在普通液压机上能成功冲压出镁合金壳形件。     

三通管内高压成形时壁厚影响因素的研究

分析了传统内高压成形三通管的成形过程,通过理论分析并结合试验和模拟进行比较,对比得出了加载路径、填充介质以及模具的圆角半径对内高压成形件的壁厚分布的影响,对工业生产有实际指导作用.