稀土氧化物对低合金钢焊缝组织与韧性的影响

通过正交试验方法设计9组以稀土氧化物为添加剂的碱性焊条药皮成分,研究了在焊条药皮中添加的稀土氧化物种类和添加量对低合金钢焊缝组织与低温韧性的影响。试验结果表明,适量氧化镧、氧化铈和氧化钇的混合添加剂具有改善焊缝组织和提高焊缝低温冲击韧性的作用,在药皮中添加w(La2O3)0.7%,w(Ce2O3)1.0%和w(Y2O3)0.3%时,其焊缝低温韧性相对最好;氧化钇对焊缝低温韧性的影响程度明显高于氧化镧和氧化铈,而氧化镧和氧化铈对焊缝低温韧性的影响规律和作用程度基本相同。     

热喷涂NiCr／纳米（ZrO2＋8％Y2O3）梯度涂层的性能研究

针对陶瓷涂层与基体结合强度低、易产生裂纹和剥落的现象,进行了抗高温氧化耐磨损梯度涂层的设计.采用热喷涂技术在45钢基体表面制备由面层[纳米(ZrO2 8%Y2O3)]和中间层(NiCr)组成的梯度涂层,利用扫描电镜(SEM)、测定结合强度、测定显微硬度、X射线衍射等方法研究涂层的性能.结果表明:NiCr/纳米(ZrO2 8%Y2O3)梯度涂层显微组织结构致密,与NiCr合金涂层和纳米(ZrO2 8%Y2O3)陶瓷涂层相比,具有更优良的力学性能;梯度涂层的面层有利于提高基体的耐高温、耐磨损性能,而中间层则有利于改善基体的抗高温氧化性能.     

溶胶—凝胶法制备Al2O3·ZuO2复合陶瓷涂层研究

用溶胶-凝胶(Sol-gel)法以Al(NO3)3·9H2O,ZrOCl2·8H2O为原料,乙醇为溶剂,在不锈钢表面制备了xAl2O3·yZrO2复合陶瓷涂层.研究了基材氧化预处理、溶液纽成、添加剂等对陶瓷涂层组成、性能的影响.结果表明:基材氧化预处理能大大改善涂层与基材的结合强度:涂有xAl2O3·yZrO2陶瓷涂层的材料具有较不锈钢更优良的抗高温氧化性能.     

液-液掺杂钼镧合金中的稀土相研究

采用液-液掺杂方式及溶胶-凝胶技术制备出稀土镧掺杂钼粉,经等静压、烧结制成掺镧钼坯。利用XRD、SEM、EDS、TEM等检测手段对不同加工态下材料的组织、形貌及稀土相进行了分析。结果表明：硝酸镧La(NO3)3溶液与仲钼酸铵(NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O溶液发生化学反应生成钼酸镧La2(MoO4)3,经焙解和还原,稀土相以La2O3的形式存在于Mo粉中,并起到细化钼颗粒的作用;烧结成坯后,La2O3弥散分布在钼基体中     

铜合金表面等离子喷涂 ZrO2-Y2O3和A12O3-TiO2涂层的抗高温氧化性能

目的对比研究ZrO2-Y2O3和A12O3-TiO2涂层的抗高温氧化性能。方法采用等离子喷涂工艺,以NiCrAl为粘接层,在铜合金基体表面分别制备ZrO2-Y2O3和A12O3-TiO2涂层,测试涂层的显微组织、元素种类及含量、显微硬度,并在相同条件下测试涂层的抗高温氧化性能。结果 ZrO2-Y2O3和A12O3-TiO2涂层都具有明显的层状结构,涂层结合紧密,内部孔洞细小,显微硬度分别为423HV和628HV。这两种涂层都具有一定的抗高温氧化性能,NiCrAl粘结层是整个涂层最薄弱的环节。结论等离子喷涂ZrO2-Y2O3涂层的抗高温氧化性能优于A12O3-TiO2涂层。     

纳米添加剂对6063铝合金微弧氧化层组织与性能的影响

采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、显微硬度计、摩擦磨损试验机等手段研究了纳米添加剂对6063铝合金微弧氧化陶瓷涂层的相组成、微观结构、显微硬度、耐磨损等性能的影响。结果表明:TiO2或Al2O3纳米粉末的添加都使得微弧氧化陶瓷涂层的表面更加致密,使得涂层的显微硬度有明显提高。另外,因为金红石型TiO2与α-Al2O3的性能有所不同,导致添加Al2O3纳米添加剂时涂层的耐磨性能明显提高,而添加TiO2纳米添加剂时涂层的耐磨性能反而有所降低。     

复合溶胶-凝胶法制备TiAl合金表面防护涂层

采用复合溶胶-凝胶法在γ-TiAl合金表面制备一种致密均匀的新型复合陶瓷涂层.通过1 000 ℃等温氧化和循环氧化实验研究涂层对γ-TiAl基体高温氧化行为的影响,并初步探讨涂层的抗氧化机制,利用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析涂层氧化产物的表面形貌、组织结构及相组成.结果表明:涂层对TiAl基体具有良好的高温防护作用,能显著降低TiAl合金的高温氧化速率;涂层氧化产物Y3Al5O12和Y2(Ti2O7)的热膨胀系数与TiAl基体的非常接近,提高涂层和基体之间的相容性,从而避免涂层在氧化过程中的剥落.BSE和EDS分析表明,在涂层与基体界面处形成一层致密的Al2O3保护膜,有效地防止合金基体的高温氧化.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备Al2O3·ZrO2复合陶瓷涂层研究

用溶胶-凝胶(Sol-gel)法以Al(NO3)3·9H2O,ZrOCl2·8H2O为原料,乙醇为溶剂,在不锈钢表面制备了xAl2O3·yZrO2复合陶瓷涂层.研究了基材氧化预处理、溶液纽成、添加剂等对陶瓷涂层组成、性能的影响.结果表明:基材氧化预处理能大大改善涂层与基材的结合强度:涂有xAl2O3·yZrO2陶瓷涂层的材料具有较不锈钢更优良的抗高温氧化性能.     

稀土改性Fe-Ni基涂层的高温性能

为提高Fe-Ni基涂层的高温性能,在Fe-Ni基合金粉末中添加La2O3和Ce2O3的混合物,对涂层的高温氧化行为和高温耐磨损性能进行研究.结果表明:稀土改性Fe-Ni基涂层组织细密、晶粒细小、形成稀土化合物LaNi4Si、Ce2Ni22C3以及硬质相Cr3Si;稀土改性Fe-Ni基涂层具有良好的高温抗氧化性能,在氧化初期,涂层质量迅速增加,氧化动力学曲线符合抛物线规律,在氧化后期,氧化动力学曲线符合直线规律,质量增加缓慢.高温抗氧化性能的提高和Cr3Si硬质相的弥散分布使涂层的高温耐磨性能得到显著的提高.     

La元素对MoSi2涂层的宽温域氧化行为影响

采用包渗法在稀土 La₂O₃ 掺杂钼合金基体上制备 MoSi₂ 涂层,并就 La 元素对 MoSi₂ 涂层宽温域氧化行为的影响机制进行了系统研究。 结果表明:钼镧合金基 MoSi2 涂层组织结构较为致密,主要物相为 MoSi₂ 相。 不同温度下 La 元素对 MoSi₂ 涂层的抗氧化性能的影响不同,1600 ℃高温静态氧化条件下,La 元素的存在促进了涂层与基体的化学反应,加剧了 MoSi₂ 抗氧化主体层的消耗速度,使得 MoSi₂ 涂层的高温抗氧化性能有所下降;800 ℃ 中温静态氧化条件下, La 元素对 MoSi₂ 涂层抗氧化性能影响不明显;500 ℃低温静态氧化条件下,La 元素的加入加速了涂层中 Si 元素的扩散, 使得涂层表面能较快形成一层致密的氧化层,“Pest”效应得到抑制,从而显著提升涂层的低温抗氧化性能。     

Thermodynamics and phase diagrams in the binary systems Na2O-SiO2, Na2O-GeO2, Na2O-B2O3, Li2O-B2O3, CaO-B2O3, SrO-B2O3, and BaO-B2O3

We applied our model to the enthalpy of mixing data of the binary systems Na₂O-SiO₂, Na₂O-GeO₂, Na₂O-B₂O₃, Li₂O-B₂O₃, CaO-B₂O₃, SrO-B₂O₃, and BaO-B₂O₃. The most stable composition in the liquid, that is where the enthalpy of mixing is most negative, is with a metal-oxygen ratio of 4 to 3, for monovalent metals (Na and Li) and 3 to 4 for divalent metals (Ba and Ca) in liquid silicates or borates. The same applies to the CaO-SiO₂, CaO-Al₂O₃, PbO-B₂O₃, PbO-SiO₂, ZnO-B₂O₃, and ZnO-SiO₂ systems. The oxygen to metal ratio, its constant value in various types of systems, reflects and describes the structure of the liquid. Using the analyzed enthalpies of mixing data and the available phase diagrams, we calculated the enthalpies of formation of the various binary compounds. The results are in excellent agreement with data in the literature that were obtained from direct solid-solid calorimetry.     

Thermodynamic properties and phase diagrams of the binary systems B2O3–Ga2O3, B2O3–Al2O3 and B2O3–In2O3

We calculated the binary phase diagrams B₂O₃–Ga₂O₃, B₂O₃–In₂O₃ and B₂O₃–Al₂O₃, and the Gibbs energy of formation of the binary compounds, using experimental liquidus data. The B₂O₃–Ga₂O₃ system is of industrial importance, because liquid B₂O₃, in which Ga₂O₃ is not very soluble, is used to protect GaAs during growth of single crystals of GaAs. During recovery of noble metals B₂O₃ is added to slags containing Al₂O₃ to lower the melting point and the viscosity. The B₂O₃–In₂O₃ system is of much less importance to industry. In all three systems we have a liquid miscibility gap, and also solid binary compounds, none of which melt congruently. The miscibility gaps are not surprising, because even in the B₂O₃–Bi₂O₃ system where four congruently melting compounds are present, a liquid miscibility gap exists close to B₂O₃.     

Effect of Bi2O3 on structure and wetting studies of Bi2O3-ZnO-B2O3 glasses

Glasses with different Bi₂O₃ contents (37-42 mol%) have been prepared by conventional melt quench technique. The IR and Raman studies indicate that these glasses are made up of [BiO₆], [BiO₃], [BO₃] and [BO₄] basic structural units. The vibrations of [BiO₃] and [BO₃] become stronger as the content of Bi₂O₃ increases, which makes glass structure loosened. Viscosity of the glasses was measured by using a Rheotronic III paralleled plate rheometry, which shows that the viscosity of glass samples decreased when the content of Bi₂O₃ increased at the same temperature (400-460 °C). The temperature range which suits for glasses sealing was calculated by using the approximation of Arrhenian behaviour. The wetting performance of Bi₂O₃-ZnO-B₂O₃ glasses was described by using high-temperature microscope, which also proves that the structure of investigated Bi₂O₃-ZnO-B₂O₃ glasses become loosened due to the increasing of the content of Bi₂O₃.     

Critical thermodynamic evaluation and optimization of the MgO-Al2O3, CaO-MgO-Al2O3, and MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 Systems

A complete literature review, critical evaluation, and thermodynamic modeling of the phase diagrams and thermodynamic properties of all oxide phases in the MgO-Al₂O₃, CaO-MgO-Al₂O₃, and MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ systems at 1 bar total pressure are presented. Optimized model equations for the thermodynamic properties of all phases are obtained that reproduce all available thermodynamic and phase equilibrium data within experimental error limits from 25 °C to above the liquidus temperatures at all compositions. The database of the model parameters can be used along with software for Gibbs energy minimization to calculate all thermodynamic properties and any type of phase diagram section. The modified quasichemical model was used for the liquid slag phase and sublattice models, based upon the compound energy formalism, were used for the spinel, pyroxene, and monoxide solid solutions. The use of physically reasonable models means that the models can be used to predict thermodynamic properties and phase equilibria in composition and temperature regions where data are not available.     

Al2O3-Sm2O3-CeO2电解质的性能（英文）

采用溶胶-凝胶法和低温燃烧技术制备Ce1-xSmxO2（x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3）和掺杂Sm和（2%-8%）Al2O3的二氧化铈;研究其合成、结构、致密化、导电性和热膨胀等性能,并利用XRD研究其结构和相组成。结果表明,于1300°C烧结球团,获得致密的陶瓷,于1250°C在Ce0.8Sm0.2O0.2中加入2%和4%的Al2O3以促进烧结。利用扫描电子显微镜观察烧结后球团的表面形貌,使用双探针交流阻抗谱研究总离子电导率。     

MoS2 coated with Al2O3 for Ni-MoS2/Al2O3 composite coatings by pulse electrodeposition

The MoS₂ powders were coated with Al₂O₃ (5 wt.%) through controlling hydrolysis of Al (NO₃)₃·9H₂O. MoS₂ powder coated with Al₂O₃ was written as MoS₂/Al₂O₃ hereinafter. MoS₂/Al₂O₃ powders were put into Ni plating electrolyte bath. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) — the surfactant was also put into the bath. The experiment proves that MoS₂/Al₂O₃ particles were absorbed onto the Ni plate. The amount of MoS₂/Al₂O₃ deposited on Ni plate rises with the increasing concentration of MoS₂/Al₂O₃ in the bath. The microhardness, micro-surface, phase and the tribological property of the MoS₂/Al₂O₃ multi-plating coating were measured and analyzed. The performances of microhardness and wear resistance of the Ni-MoS₂/Al₂O₃ composite are better than those of Ni-MoS₂ composite.     

退火对0.3%Y2O3/0.3%La2O3/0.3%Al2O3/Cu复合材料组织和性能的影响（英文）

采用氧/氮气氛喷射沉积技术结合内氧化工艺制备了0.3%Y2O3/0.3%La2O3/0.3%Al2O3/Cu复合材料,并对其在不同温度下进行退火处理。研究了退火对复合材料显微组织、断口形貌、硬度、强度、导电性和电弧侵蚀表面特征的影响。结果表明,随着退火温度的增高,复合材料的晶粒明显长大,其电导率逐渐增加,而硬度和抗拉强度下降。当退火温度达到1000℃时,基体开始出现退火孪晶。复合材料的拉伸断口形貌表现为大而深的韧窝,是典型的微孔缩聚型断裂,韧窝里的质点为金属氧化物颗粒。其电弧侵蚀表面呈现出大量的浆糊状凝结物和气泡。     

Processing and properties of ZrO2(3Y2O3)–Al2O3 nanocomposites

Nanocomposites of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), containing 20 and 40 wt% alumina, were prepared by a two-step process: (1) fine-particle aggregates of the constituent phases were melted and homogenized in a high enthalpy plasma, prior to rapid quenching in water to obtain metastable starting powders, and (2) the metastable powders were consolidated by hot isostatic pressing (HIP), under conditions designed to ensure the formation of nanocomposites by controlling the metastable-to-stable phase transformation during sintering. In both cases, the resulting nanocomposites had completely uniform structures, comprising 27 and 50 vol% of -Al₂O₃ in a tetragonal YSZ matrix phase. Measurements of hardness and indentation toughness were correlated with observed structures.     

Thermal cycle behavior of plasma sprayed La2O3, Y2O3 stabilized ZrO2 coatings

The effects of La₂O₃ addition on thermal conductivity, phase stability and thermal cycle life of Y₂O₃ stabilized ZrO₂ plasma sprayed coatings were investigated. Although low thermal conductivity as well as high resistance to sintering was achieved by La₂O₃ addition, it tended to also result in lower phase stability and thermal cycle life of the coatings. Optimization of the composition and structure of the coatings improved these properties, and the optimized coatings showed prolonged thermal cycle life.