镍钛形状记忆合金在热压缩变形下的动态回复和动态再结晶

通过获得镍钛形状记忆合金在应变速率(0.001～1 s-1)和变形温度(600～1000℃)下的压缩真实应力—应变曲线,研究镍钛形状记忆合金在热变形下的力学行为.通过显微组织演变研究镍钛形状记忆合金的动态回复和动态再结晶,获得应变速率、变形温度和变形程度对镍钛形状记忆合金的动态回复和动态再结晶的影响规律.镍钛形状记忆合金在600℃和700℃下,动态回复和动态再结晶共存,但在其他温度下表现出完全动态再结晶.增加变形温度或降低应变速率,导致较大的等轴晶粒.变形程度对镍钛形状记忆合金的动态再结晶具有重要的影响.在镍钛形状记忆合金的动态再结晶中存在临界变形程度,当大于临界变形程度时,较大的变形程度有助于获得细小的等轴再结晶晶粒.     

铸态镍钛形状记忆合金的断裂行为及显微组织(英文)

通过真空自耗电极熔炼法制备等原子比镍钛形状记忆合金。为了研究其断裂力学性能,进行铸态镍钛形状记忆合金的拉伸和压缩实验。为了更好地理解镍钛形状记忆合金的组织演变及断裂行为,分析铸态镍钛形状记忆合金及其断裂样品的显微组织。在拉伸加载下,镍钛形状记忆合金在750°C时具有较高的塑性,表现为韧性断裂,但在室温和-100°C时表现出较差的塑性,具有解理断裂和穿晶断裂的特征。在-100°C的压缩加载下,铸态镍钛形状记忆合金发生剪切断裂,剪切断裂面法线与压缩轴呈45°,具有解理断裂的特征,裂纹经由穿晶断裂而扩展。     

高应变速率下AZ31B镁合金的压缩变形组织

采用分离式Hopkinson杆在应变速率为496～2 120 s-1范围对挤压态AZ31B镁合金进行了高速冲击压缩实验,并采用金相显微镜对压缩后镁合金的组织演变规律进行研究.结果表明:在不同应变速率下变形时,挤压态AZ31镁合金的应力-应变曲线几乎重合,说明AZ31B镁合金的应力对应变速率不敏感;但其显微组织变化对应变速率非常敏感,当变形速率较低时,其组织几乎全部由孪晶组成;当应变速率增加时,孪晶数量减少;在应变速率相对较低时(496 s-1),镁合金变形主要以孪生方式进行;当应变速率较高时(2 120 s-1),除孪晶变形之外,柱面滑移和锥面滑移也可能启动以协调变形.     

粗晶GH4720Li合金热变形行为与动态再结晶特点

为了模拟难变形镍基高温合金GH4720Li开坯锻造过程,采用Gleeble-3800热模拟试验机研究经均匀化处理的GH4720Li铸锭高温压缩变形时的力学流动行为,分析高温变形过程中微观组织演化规律。结果表明,GH4720Li合金在1100℃,0.1 s-1条件下应力水平达到250 MPa,且应力对热变形温度和应变速率敏感,动态再结晶是主要的软化机制。粗晶组织提高了合金动态再结晶临界变形温度和应变速率,如在变形量为60%,变形条件为1140℃,0.001 s-1和1180℃,0.001s-1才能发生完全动态再结晶。计算的粗晶GH4720Li合金热变形激活能Q=1171kJ/mol,较高的热变形激活能表明粗晶组织不利于热塑性变形和动态再结晶的发生。基于本研究,铸态GH4720Li合金开坯温度应高于1140℃,同时保证较低的应变速率,以确保动态再结晶的充分发生,实现枝晶组织破碎。     

AZ31B镁合金热压缩变形的组织变化与变形机制

对铸态AZ31B镁合金在温度280℃～440℃、应变速率0.001s-1～0.1s-1条件下进行热压缩实验,分析变形程度、应变速率和加热温度对其微观组织变化的影响,探讨合金的热压变形机制。实验结果表明,该合金热变形时发生了动态再结晶。变形温度越高、变形速率越小和变形量越大时,动态再结晶进行的越充分;变形温度越低、变形速率越大和变形量越大时,动态再结晶晶粒越细小。该合金的热变形机制是滑移孪晶联合机制。     

SA508-3钢铸态粗晶组织热压缩变形行为与晶粒演化规律

为获得SA508-3钢铸态粗晶组织热变形过程中的晶粒细化和均匀化规律,通过Gleeble单道次高温热压缩实验(950℃~1250℃,0.001s-1~1s-1,真应变ε=0.8),发现铸态粗晶在低温硬化-回复阶段时的应力水平较锻态细晶的略高,通过金相分析发现,该现象是由铸态粗晶组织含有大量形变孪晶及其较差的变形协调性所致。同时分析了不同变形条件(温度和应变速率)对再结晶晶粒尺寸和混晶程度的影响规律,得到了动态再结晶完成后,变形温度为1 050℃~1 200℃、应变速率为0.01s-1~1s-1的变形参数对SA508-3钢铸态粗晶组织具有较好的细化晶粒作用,最高晶粒度可达6级~7级;1050℃~1200℃、0.001s-1~0.1s-1的变形参数可有效地降低SA508-3钢铸态粗晶组织的混晶程度,动态再结晶完成后组织比较均匀。     

镍钛形状记忆合金在局部包套压缩下的塑性屈服

作为一种崭新的尝试,局部包套压缩被应用于实现镍钛形状记忆合金在室温下的大塑性变形。基于主应力法和塑性屈服准则,分析了镍钛形状记忆合金局部包套的压缩塑性力学。采用透射电镜、高分辨透射电镜和扫描电镜研究镍钛形状记忆合金在局部包套压缩下的显微组织演变和变形行为。静水压力随着包套外径的增加而增加,有效地抑制了显微裂纹的萌生和扩展,有助于提高镍钛形状记忆合金的塑性,避免了脆性断裂的发生。在0．15～0．50的真实应变范围内,镍钛形状记忆合金在三向压应力状态下的塑性变形满足密席斯塑性屈服准则。在更大的塑性应变下,由于非晶相的出现,镍钛合金不能满足密席斯塑性屈服准则。     

基于加工硬化率的铸态Q235B钢法兰坯动态再结晶及组织演变

在Gleeble-3500热力模拟机上研究铸态Q235B钢法兰坯材料的高温压缩行为,采用加工硬化率方法,识别出了动态再结晶临界条件,引入无量纲参数Zener-Hollomn表征了该材料动态再结晶演变的临界应变、临界应力、峰值应变以及稳态应变模型,并对其再结晶显微组织演化进行分析。在高温、低应变速率下,该铸态材料的动态再结晶容易发生,晶粒长大更迅速;随着应变速率增大,动态再结晶难于启动,晶粒直径减小。在1050 ℃和1 s-1下变形到达稳态时的晶粒细化效果最为显著。     

铸态AZ80+0.4Ce镁合金的热压缩变形试验研究

采用Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机,在变形温度300℃~420℃、应变速率0.000 5 s-1~0.5 s-1的变形条件下,对铸态AZ80+0.4Ce镁合金进行热压缩试验。试验研究了该合金的高温流动应力变化规律,采用金相显微镜分析了温度、应变速率对微观组织的影响。结果表明:铸态AZ80+0.4Ce镁合金的高温流动应力-应变曲线主要以动态再结晶软化机制为特征,增加变形温度和降低应变速率都会降低材料的流动应力;热压缩温度越高,动态再结晶进行越充分,应变速率越大,动态再结晶晶粒越细。     

铸态30Mn钢热变形过程中的动态再结晶行为

基于铸辗复合成形工艺,研究了铸态30Mn钢在变形温度为950~1150℃,应变速率为0.1、0.5和1 s-1时的热压缩变形中的动态再结晶行为。结果表明,在不同应变速率条件下,当形变温度高于1000℃时,所有试样都能发生动态再结晶。铸态30Mn钢动态再结晶激活能为305.83 k J/mol;临界应变与峰值应变的比值为0.57,临界应力与峰值应力的比值为0.90;分别建立了动态再结晶体积分数和平均晶粒尺寸模型;分析了不同变形条件的显微组织。     

铸态Ti-6Al-4V-0.1B合金的热变形行为及加工图

在Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机上进行高温压缩试验,研究了变形温度为1000～1100℃,初始应变速率为0.01～1 s-1的铸态Ti-6Al-4V-0.1B合金的变形行为。基于动态材料模型建立了加工图,并观察了变形组织。结果表明:该合金为热敏感和应力敏感型合金,热变形的最佳变形参数为1050～1100℃,应变速率在0.1～1 s-1之间。铸态大变形区组织为沿着变形方向拉长的原始β晶粒,晶粒组织内部出现针状马氏体,TiB相在变形的过程中出现折断,并沿着加工流线分布。     

Effects of deformation parameters on microstructure and mechanical properties of magnesium alloy AZ31B

Plastic deformation and dynamic recrystallization (DRX) behaviors of magnesium alloy AZ31B during thermal compression and extrusion processes were studied.In addition, effects of deformation temperature and rates on the microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated.The results show that the DRX grains nucleate initially at the primary grain boundaries and the twin boundaries, and the twinning plays an important role in the grain refinement.The DRX grain size depends on the deformation temperature and strain rate The average grain size is only 1 μm when the strain rate is 5 s-1 and temperature is 250 ℃.It is also found that the DRX grain can grow up quickly at the elevated temperature.The microstructure of extruded rods was consisted of tiny equal-axis DRX grains and some elongated grains.The rods extruded slowly have tiny grains and exhibit good mechanical properties.     

Effects of strain rate and temperature on microstructure and texture for AZ31 during uniaxial compression

In order to investigate the effects of strain rate and temperature on the microstructure and texture evolution during warm deformation of wrought Mg alloy,AZ31 extruded rods were cut into cylinder samples with the dimension of d8 mm×12 mm.The samples were compressed using a Gleeble 1500D thermo-mechanical simulation machine at various strain rates(0.001,0.01,0.1,1 and 5 s- 1)and various temperatures(300,350,400 and 450℃).The microstructure and texture of the compressed samples at the same strain under different deformation conditions were studied and compared by electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD)in scanning electron microscope(SEM).The results show that the size of recrystallized grains in the deformed samples generally increases with the decrease of strain rate and the increase of temperature.After 50%reduction,most basal planes are aligned perpendicular to the compression direction at relatively high strain rate(0.01 s- 1)or low temperature(350℃).The optimized strain rate is 0.1 s- 1for uniaxial compression at 300℃,which produces about 80%of small grains(5μm).     

高应变率下铸造镁合金AZ91的动态压缩性能及破坏机理

利用INSTRON准静态试验机和分离式Hopkinson压杆系统对铸造镁合金AZ91在不同应变率下进行压缩试验,研究AZ91镁合金在高应变率范围内(应变率6×102～1×104 s-1)的动态力学行为,并利用扫描电镜观察试样在不同应变率下破坏断口微观形貌的变化,探索应变率对破坏机理的影响.结果表明:室温下铸造镁合金AZ91具有明显的应变硬化性质;在准静态压缩过程中材料对应变率负敏感,当应变率达到7×103 s-1时,AZ91镁合金表现出明显的应变率敏感性;在准静态破坏和动态破坏下,材料断口的微观形貌具有很大不同.     

Ti6Al4V钛合金的变形组织及织构

在温度850~930°C、应变速率0.01~1 s-1的条件下,对初始组织为等轴组织的Ti6Al4V钛合金进行变形程度为70%的热压缩变形实验,研究合金的变形组织及织构。结果表明,当温度低于900°C、应变速率高于0.1 s-1时,合金的组织主要是拉长的α晶粒;而在高于900°C以及低应变速率下,则会发生动态再结晶。电子背散射衍射（EBSD）结果显示,合金在再结晶过程中亚晶界吸收位错,最终形成大角晶界。在930°C时动态再结晶已基本完成,水冷至室温时形成针状α相。与原始组织相比,合金在930°C变形时织构得到增强,低于930°C变形时织构变弱。     

Dynamic recrystallization kinetics of as-cast AZ91D alloy

The flow behavior and dynamic recrystallization (DRX) behavior of an as-cast AZ91D alloy were investigated systematically by applying the isothermal compression tests in temperature range of 220–380 °C and strain rate range of 0.001–1 s^?1. The effect of temperature and strain rate on the DRX behavior was discussed. The results indicate that the nucleation and growth of dynamic recrystallized grains easily occur at higher temperatures and lower strain rates. To evaluate the evolution of dynamic recrystallization, the DRX kinetics model was proposed based on the experimental data of true stress-true strain curves. It was revealed that the volume fraction of dynamic recrystallized grains increased with increasing strain in terms of S-curves. A good agreement between the proposed DRX kinetics model and microstructure observation results validates the accuracy of DRX kinetics model for AZ91D alloy.     

Multiple plastic deformation mechanisms of NiTi shape memory alloy based on local canning compression at various temperatures

A Ni-rich NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA), which was in its austenitic state at ambient temperature, was subjected to plastic deformation by means of local canning compression at various temperatures ranging from room temperature to 800 °C. Depending on temperatures, NiTi SMA exhibited multiple plastic deformation mechanisms, such as dislocation slip, deformation twinning, grain boundary slide, grain rotation, dislocation climb and grain boundary migration. Amorphization, dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization of NiTi SMA were also observed at various temperatures. Mechanism of localized amorphization, in particular, was investigated based on dislocation slip and deformation twinning. Statistically stored dislocation (SSD) and geometrically necessary dislocation (GND) were found to play an important role in the amorphization of the current NiTi SMA. There appeared a critical dislocation density below which NiTi SMA was unable to amorphize. Accordingly, at a fixed deformation strain, there should be a critical temperature above which amorphous phase would not occur in the NiTi SMA matrix. Furthermore, when NiTi SMA experienced plastic deformation at the critical temperature, amorphization and crystallization would occur simultaneously and compete with each other.     

铸态TB6钛合金β热变形中的动态再结晶行为

利用Thermecmaster-Z型热模拟试验机在β相区对铸态TB6钛合金进行了热压缩试验,并对其动态再结晶行为进行了研究。结果表明,合金在β热变形过程中主要存在两类形核位置:原始β晶界附近及β晶粒内部,相应地存在两类动态再结晶机制:不连续动态再结晶和连续动态再结晶。在较高应变速率(≥0.01s-1)时,以不连续动态再结晶机制为主,但动态再结晶发生的程度较低,不能通过此机制使组织获得明显细化;在低应变速率(≤0.001s-1)和高变形温度(≥950℃)时,以连续动态再结晶机制为主。此时,合金动态再结晶晶粒直接由亚晶转变而成,组织均匀、细小。