50CrVA钢齿形链链板的热处理工艺试验

通过对50CrVA钢齿形链板进行等温淬火后的显微组织和性能分析研究,结果表明,当该链板钢等温温度不变时,提高淬火温度可以提高等温淬火后的贝氏体含量,且硬度基本不变.该钢最佳等温淬火工艺为900℃×20 min奥氏体化,300℃等温35 min,再经200℃回火120min,硬度达到52～53.5 HRC,疲劳寿命大于1×107次.     

热处理工艺对建筑高强钢耐延迟断裂性能的影响

采用不同的退火温度和淬火工艺、相同的回火工艺对Q390建筑高强钢进行了热处理,并进行了拉伸试验和延迟断裂试验。结果表明:随退火温度从870℃提高到990℃或淬火温度从850℃提高到950℃,建筑高强钢的耐延迟断裂性能先提高后下降;等温退火和分级淬火能更好地提高建筑高强钢的耐延迟断裂性能。与850℃×60 min常规淬火相比,900℃×40 min+400℃×20 min分级淬火的建筑高强钢在0.75倍抗拉强度恒定载荷下的延迟断裂时间延长190%;在0.65倍抗拉强度恒定载荷下的延迟断裂时间延长162%。退火工艺优选为930℃×0.5 h+720℃×1.5 h等温退火,淬火工艺优选为900℃×40 min+400℃×20 min分级淬火。     

汽车前轴用40Cr钢锻件开裂失效分析

利用化学成分、显微组织以及硬度分析等方法,对汽车前轴用40Cr钢锻件的开裂原因进行了分析。结果表明:裂纹位于锻件的R角处,为淬火裂纹;锻件R角处的元素偏析造成淬透性显著高于周围其它位置,锻造过程中产生了表面缺陷,使得淬火时马氏体相变产生的体积内应力超过了材料的强度,造成了淬火裂纹的产生;通过增大R角半径、控制原材料的成分偏析以及调整锻造工艺等措施,能够减小汽车前轴用40Cr钢锻件热处理后淬火开裂的风险。     

浅谈淬火裂纹与畸变的分析及对策

钢铁零件的淬火裂纹和畸变是常见的热处理缺陷,严重时将导致零件报废。以35钢盘状零件和20CrMnTi钢汽车后桥锥齿轮为例,从原材料质量、热处理工艺、淬火介质、工装夹具等方面分析了零件产生淬火裂纹和畸变的原因,提出了预防措施。     

工件热处理缺陷的预防和补救方法

通常工件的热处理缺陷可分为三大类。第一类热处理缺陷指淬火裂纹。淬火裂纹作为致命的热处理缺陷是不能修复的,淬火裂纹产生后,零件除报废外,没有其他的办法;第二类热处理缺陷一般是指淬火畸变。工件的热处理变形虽然可以在一定程度上控制和减小,但是不能够完全避免,挽救变形的方法主要有机械校正法和热处理校正法两类,而前者应用较为广泛;第三类热处理缺陷是指除淬火裂纹、淬火畸变之外的其他热处理缺陷,如氧化脱碳、加热不足、退火回火不充分、回火脆性、硬度不均匀等等,第三类热处理缺陷可通过热处理设备及热处理工艺的改进加以避免,另外热处理生产中一旦发现这类缺陷,也应及时采取有效措施加以补救。     

热处理工艺对含硼球墨铸铁组织和力学性能的影响

采用磨损试验机、金相显微镜,研究热处理工艺对含硼球墨铸铁(CADI)组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,经960℃高温预处理7 min、900℃奥氏体化保温90 min及等温淬火保温90 min后,铸铁组织由球状石墨、针状铁素体、高碳残余奥氏体和一定量的碳化物组成。随着等温淬火温度由250℃升至310℃,铁素体组织粗化,残余奥氏体含量逐渐增加,硬度降低,冲击性能提高,耐磨性能降低。     

177.80 mm×10.36 mm P110无缝管坯裂纹缺陷分析及预防

牌号30MnCr22 177.80 mm×10.36 mm管坯热处理升钢级后转变成P110钢级管坯,后续无损检测时发现该管坯表面存在裂纹,通过将该裂纹取样进行宏观断口分析、金相分析、断口扫描分析和能谱分析,确定出该裂纹的性质及产生原因是管坯原材料中含有Ti、O、Si、Al等元素,钢坯冶炼不够纯净,在热处理淬火过程中应力过大所致,诱发产生淬火裂纹,在后续生产时从钢坯冶炼、热处理淬火温度选取及钢管冷却温度控制等几个方面予以优化,避免此类裂纹缺陷的产生,达到工艺优化、消除缺陷的目的。     

P110石油套管缺陷分析

采用屁微组织观察和SEM分析研究了P110石油套管热处理后的缺陷,通过分析缺陷产生环节、原因,对缺陷进行了分类.第一类外折缺陷并不是在热处理过程中产生的,而是产生在穿孔及轧制过程中:第二类淬火裂纹缺陷的产生与硫化物的形成以及淬火应力有关.可以通过控制硫的含量、避免产生共晶硫化物,改善其分布状态,改善淬火工艺以减小淬火应力来消除.     

4140圆管锻件热处理裂纹检验分析

4140钢锭经过开坯锻造成圆筒锻坯,锻坯再经粗加工和热处理淬火后,部分锻件出现裂纹,为了分析缺陷原因,利用化学成分分析、力学性能检验、金相检验对4140圆筒锻件热处理裂纹缺陷进行了相关检测。结果表明,裂纹是在淬火过程中形成的,属于淬火组织应力裂纹,且圆筒锻件在淬火过程中形成裂纹的原因与圆筒原材料质量和圆筒的截面尺寸等因素有关。     

42CrMo法兰表面裂纹产生原因分析

针对42CrMo钢法兰盘工件加工时出现的表面裂纹缺陷原因进行了分析。通过化学成分分析、气体分析和金相显微镜、扫描电镜以及能谱分析等手段对裂纹产生的原因进行分析,发现裂纹两侧无脱碳且裂纹中有氧化物,因此排除了裂纹来自于轧材;同时通过模拟热处理实验证明该钢在淬火过程可以产生裂纹,且裂纹中有氧化物。因此,得到的结论是42CrMo工件产生的裂纹是淬火裂纹,其产生原因为淬火冷却方式不当,需改善冷却方式以防止裂纹出现。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.     

Structural Optimization of Electromagnetic Swirling Flow in Nozzle of Slab Continuous Casting

During the slab continuous casting process, the flow field of molten steel in the mold plays a decisive role in the quality of the slab. In this paper, electromagnetic swirling flow in nozzle technology is proposed to control the flow field in mold.This technology can drive molten steel to rotate inside the submerged entry nozzle by electromagnetic force, thereby controlling the flow field. This research shows that it can reduce the impact of molten steel on the bottom of nozzle and partly reduce the negative pressure at the upper part of nozzle outlet which is even eliminated by optimizing the structure and angle of nozzle. The area of heat flux of the mold wall becomes larger, and the crest value of heat flux gets lower than that without swirling in nozzle and any nozzle optimization. The meniscus fluctuates smoothly, and the flow velocity at the top surface is within a reasonable range. The temperature field distribution in the mold is uniform which was beneficial to the growth of equiaxed crystal and decreased element segregation.