SiC陶瓷非球面磨削工艺实验研究

为了研究磨削工艺参数对SiC材料磨削质量的影响规律,利用DMG铣磨加工中心做了SiC陶瓷平面磨削工艺实验,分析研究了包括主轴转速、磨削深度、进给速度在内的磨削工艺参数对工件表面粗糙度的影响。结果表明:工件表面粗糙度随着主轴转速的增加而减小,随着磨削深度和进给速度的增加而增加。在粗糙度工艺试验的基础上,以表面粗糙度最小为目标优选一组磨削工艺参数,进行了小口径SiC陶瓷非球面磨削实验,获得了较低的表面粗糙度值(0.5150μm)和较小的面形精度误差(4.668μm)。     

成形磨削螺杆转子的表面粗糙度试验研究

为降低成形磨削螺杆转子的表面粗糙度,基于正交设计理论开展了成形磨削工艺参数正交试验。考虑到螺杆转子型面复杂不对称的特点,提出了螺杆转子表面粗糙度评价指标的计算公式。基于试验结果得到了磨削工艺参数优化方案,结果表明优化后的工艺参数可使阴、阳转子的表面粗糙度分别降低1.6%和2.4%。运用多元非线性回归法建立了磨削工艺参数与螺杆转子表面粗糙度的关系式,通过对比试验验证了该公式的可靠性,为企业大批量成形磨削螺杆转子的工艺制定提供了理论依据。     

20CrMnTi高速外圆磨削试验研究及参数优化

为改善20Cr Mn Ti渗碳合金钢的表面磨削效果,对20Cr Mn Ti合金钢进行了高速外圆磨削试验,分析了磨削工艺参数对表面粗糙度的影响规律。基于高速磨削试验,利用最小二乘多元线性回归方法,推导并求解出了20Cr Mn Ti合金钢的磨削粗糙度预测模型。利用最优化设计方法和MATLAB优化工具箱,以加工效率为目标函数和以粗糙度预测模型为约束条件,针对企业实际的磨削问题优选了工艺参数。优化的工艺参数在保证表面加工质量的基础上可提高加工效率,这为加工企业降低生产成本提供了重要的理论依据和案例参考。     

表面超声滚压工艺参数对EA4T车轴表面性能的影响

采用表面超声滚压技术对EA4T车轴表面进行强化处理;利用正交试验法对表面超声滚压工艺参数进行优化。采用粗糙度仪、显微硬度计和残余应力测试仪分别测量车轴表层处的粗糙度、显微硬度和残余应力;并用扫描电镜观察截面的微观组织。结果表明:表面超声滚压可降低EA4T车轴表面粗糙度,获得较高的表面残余压应力,提高车轴表面硬度,并使表层晶粒细化。通过正交试验得出,对粗糙度、表层硬度、硬化层深度和表面残余应力影响最显著的因素分别为进给量、主轴转速、滚压力和主轴转速。本试验条件下选出的最佳工艺参数为主轴转速10 r/min、进给量0.10mm/r、滚压力300 kg。     

高速磨削对18CrNiM07-6表面完整性的影响研究

目的对试件表面粗糙度和残余应力进行分析,为研究高速磨削齿轮材料表面完整性提供试验依据,并对齿轮材料高速磨削工艺进行深入探讨。方法选择以平面磨削为主要研究方式,根据Salomon理论和高速磨削理论,提出以单因素法对齿轮材料18CrNiMo7-6进行高速磨削工艺试验,试验变量为砂轮线速度、磨削深度和工作台速度,以此得到了高速磨削工艺参数与表面完整性(主要为表面粗糙度和残余应力)之间的关系。结果齿轮材料18CrNiMo7-6的表面粗糙度随砂轮线速度的增大、磨削深度和工作台速度的降低而得以改善,用三维粗糙度表征法可以准确地评定工件表面形貌。试验得到砂轮线速度对残余应力的影响最大,磨削深度次之,工作台速度的影响较小。除V_s=160 m/s外,经高速磨削的渗碳淬火18CrNiMo7-6试件表面残余压应力值得到提升。结论通过分析高速磨削对表面完整性的影响,可得到该研究材料的最优磨削参数组合为:V_s=120 m/s,V_w=4 m/min,a_p=0.02 mm。在此磨削参数下,试件的残余压应力值最大,将有利于提高试件表面完整性。     

陶瓷结合金刚石砂轮磨削硬质合金表面粗糙度的研究

本文采用正交试验法研究了砂轮线速度、横向进给速度、磨削深度和磨削行程四种磨削参数对陶瓷结合金刚石砂轮磨削硬质合金表面粗糙度的影响,通过显微镜观察了硬质合金的表面加工质量,分析了影响表面加工质量的因素,得出了优化的工艺参数.结果表明:四种磨削参数对硬质合金表面粗糙度的影响顺序为:横向进给速度＞砂轮线速度＞砂轮行程＞磨削深...     

砂带磨削表面粗糙度理论预测及灵敏度分析

目的 以钢化玻璃磨边为研究对象,建立金刚石砂带磨削表面粗糙度理论预测模型,并分析粗糙度对各工艺因素的灵敏度。方法 首先,采用多因素线性回归分析建立了关于磨削工艺参数的粗糙度理论预测模型;其次,通过正交试验研究了磨削压力、砂带线速度和砂带张紧力对粗糙度和材料去除率的影响大小,并得到了工艺参数的优水平组合;再次,根据正交试验结果计算了粗糙度理论预测模型的数学表达式,同时,建立了灵敏度模型来进行工艺因素的灵敏度分析和工艺参数的区间优化;最后,利用随机试验验证了粗糙度理论预测模型的准确性。结果 极差分析可知,RA（0.137）?RC（0.068）?RB（0.016）,MC（6.828）?MA（5.228）?MB（1.784）,磨削工艺参数的优水平组合为A2B3C3。电镀金刚石砂带磨削表面粗糙度理论预测模型的表达式为 。各工艺参数的优选区间为：磨削压力10~20 N,线速度15~30 m/s,张紧力40~60 N。随机试验可得,粗糙度理论预测模型的相对误差大小维持在5.5%~10%。结论 关于工艺因素对磨削质量的影响,磨削压力最大,砂带张紧力次之,砂带线速度最小。关于工艺因素对材料去除率的影响,砂带张紧力最大,磨削压力次之,砂带线速度最小。磨削压力为18 N、砂带线速度为30 m/s、砂带张紧力为55 N时,磨削表面质量最好,且材料去除率较高。试验参数范围内,粗糙度对磨削压力的灵敏度随磨削压力的增加而下降,对砂带线速度和砂带张紧力的灵敏度随着二者的增加而增加。15组随机试验表明,粗糙度理论预测模型具有较高的可靠性和准确性。     

滚压工艺对EA4T车轴表面质量完整性的影响及预测模型建立

表面质量完整性是决定车轴使用寿命和机车行驶安全的关键因素,滚压工艺对车轴表面质量完整性产生重要影响。通过EA4T车轴滚压正交试验,研究了工艺参数对表面质量完整性影响规律,建立了滚压表面粗糙度与残余应力预测模型,并进行回归方程方差分析与残差分析,验证了预测模型的有效性。结果表明:工艺参数中进给速度对表面粗糙度和残余应力的作用最为显著,贡献率分别为粗糙度91.70%、周向残余应力48.95%、轴向残余应力48.18%。此外,滚压道次与滚压深度分别对周向和轴向残余应力有较大影响,贡献率分别为39.15%和33.19%;与其它因素相比,滚压速度对表面硬度影响较大,贡献率达到54.7%。     

螺旋桨金刚石砂带磨削试验研究

以船用螺旋桨为研究对象，提出一种利用电镀金刚石砂带磨削螺旋桨的方法，并试验分析影响螺旋桨表面粗糙度的各个工艺因素。通过单因素试验研究磨削压力、砂带线速度和磨削进给速度对表面粗糙度的影响，并得到工艺参数的最优水平组合:磨削压力15 N，砂带线速度30 m/s，磨削进给速度20 mm/s；锆刚玉砂带与金刚石砂带在相同工艺参数下对螺旋桨表面粗糙度的影响规律基本一致，但金刚石砂带具有更长的寿命，增幅为125%。      

高速磨削砂轮磨损对磨削表面质量的影响研究

基于陶瓷CBN砂轮对渗碳钢20Cr Mn Ti开展了高速外圆磨削试验。在外圆磨削余量和工艺参数固定的情况下对工件进行连续磨削,以工件上的磨除体积为砂轮磨损指标,考察了砂轮磨损对工件表面粗糙度、残余应力、表层金相组织和显微硬度变化的影响。实验结果表明工件表面粗糙度会随着砂轮磨损而上升,表面残余应力随着砂轮磨损逐渐呈现拉应力的趋势,磨削表面会出现回火软化变质层。该结果可为进一步研究高速磨削机理及优化工艺参数提供依据。     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Rheology Feature of Simple Metal Melt

The rheology feature of Sb, Bi melt and alloys was studied using coaxial cylinder high-temperature viscometer. The results showed that the curve of torsion-rotational speed for Sb melt presents a linear relation in all measured temperature ranges, whereas for the Bi melt, the curve presents obvious non-Newtonian feature within the low temperature range and at relative high shear stress. The rheology feature of Sb80Bi20 and Sb20Bi80 alloy melts was well correlated with that of Sb and Bi, respectively. It is considered that the rheology behavior of Sb melt plays a crucial role in Sb80Bi20 alloy and that of Bi melt plays a crucial role in Sb20Bi80 alloy.     

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of a Newly Developed Austenitic Heat Resistant Steel

The effect of heat treatment on the microstructures and mechanical properties of a newly developed austenitic heat resistant steel(named as T8 alloy) for ultra-supercritical applications have been studied. Results show that the main phases in the alloy after solution treatment are γ and primary MX. Subsequent aging treatment causes the precipitation of M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries and a small number of nanoscale MX inside the grains. In addition, with increasing the aging temperature and time, the morphology of M_(23)C_6 carbides changes from semi-continuous chain to continuous network.Compared with a commercial HR3C alloy, T8 alloy has comparable tensile strength, but higher stress rupture strength. The dominant cracking mechanism of the alloy during tensile test at room temperature is transgranular, while at high temperature, intergranular cracking becomes the main cracking mode, which may be caused by the precipitation of continuous M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries. Typical intergranular cracking is the dominant cracking mode of the alloy at all stress rupture tests.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

The 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014held in Qingdao China

Organized by Suppliers China Co., Ltd and co-organized by the National Technical Committee 54 on Foundry of Standardization Administration of China, the 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014 （hereinafter referred to as FSC 2014） was successfully held on Sep. 23rd in Grand Regency Hotel, Qingdao. More than 500 delegates from home and abroad attended this conference, including over 130 purchasers from 20 countries and 380 domestic and foreign suppliers.     

Secondary Recrystallization Behaviors of Grain-Oriented 6.5 wt% Silicon Steel Sheets Produced by Rolling and Nitriding Processes

By rolling and nitriding processes, 0.23- to 0.3-mm-thick grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel sheets were produced. The core losses of grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel at frequencies ranging from 400 Hz to 20 k Hz were lower than that of the grain-oriented 3 wt% silicon steel with the same thickness by 16.6–35.8%. The secondary recrystallization behavior was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and electron backscattered diffraction. The results show that the secondary recrystallization in high-silicon steel sheets develops more completely as the nitrogen content increases after nitriding, secondary recrystallized grain sizes become larger, and the sharpness of Goss texture increases. Because more {110}116 grains in the subsurface and the central layer of the sheets have a lot of 20°–45° high-energy boundaries in addition to Goss grains, {110}116 can be the main component through selective growth during secondary recrystallization when the inhibitor quantity is not enough and inhibitor intensity is weaker. The increases in nitrogen content can increase the inhibitor intensity and hinder abnormal growth of a mount of {110}116 grains and therefore enhance the sharpness of Goss texture.     

Laser Cladded TiCN Coatings on the Surface of Titanium

Laser cladded coatings of TiCN were produced on the surface of titanium. To obtain the optimal techniques, several conditions were tested by varying the laser scanning rate. The choice of shielding gas was also studied. The cladded coatings were then evaluated from the surface mechanics point of view based on their microhardness. The microstructure of some interesting samples was investigated by optical micrographs (OM). The results showed that under the condition of fixed pulse frequency and pulse width, the laser scanning rate and the shielding gas are the main factors influencing the components of coatings. TiCN coatings were decompounded and oxidized during the cladding process in the condition of no shielding gas of N2. X-ray diffraction results indicated that the composite coatings composed of TiCN, TiC, Ti2N, and TiO2 were produced using appropriate techniques. The results indicated that the best condition in terms of the surface microhardness is obtained when the scanning rate is 1.5mm / s, the pulse frequency is 15Hz, the pulse width is 3.0ms, and N2 is chosen as the shielding gas. The microhardness of the composite coatings is about 1331kg · mm - 2, which is about 4 times that of the substrate. The optical micrographs indicated that the cladding zone is made up of TiCN, TiO2, and some interdendritic Ti, but the diffusion zone mainly consists of the dendrites phase, and the cladded depth is about 80?滋m, which is more than 2 times that of the laser nitrided sample. There were no microcracks or air bubbles in the cladded sample, which was cladded using the above optimal techniques.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

Information for Contributors

正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis