Zr基大块非晶合金的微区变形及力学性能

利用纳米压痕仪、扫描电镜等研究了Zr基大块非晶合金在纳米压痕条件下的变形及力学性能。Zr基大块非晶合金在纳米压头作用下以弹性-塑性方式变形，载荷-位移曲线及压痕周边多重剪切带(堆起或波纹状)的特征证明了塑性变形的存在。冷却速度、第二相及退火等因素影响非晶合金的压痕硬度HV和弹性模量E，冷却速度小的试样或部位(如试样中心)的HV，E值略高；离第二相(W丝)越近，HV，E值越高；退火处理提高非晶的HV，E值，同时退火与第二相还明显改变压痕周边的变形状态及塑性变形量的大小，退火显著减小塑性变形量，使压痕周边凹陷，而第二相使压痕堆起消失。对塑性变形机理进行了初步分析。     

结构迟豫对Zr基大块非晶敏感因子的影响

采用Rockwell压痕测试和SEM、DSC技术研究了铸态和退火Zr41.2Ti13.8Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5大块非晶的剪切带和焓变特征.样品在玻璃转变温度以下等温退火,DSC放热峰随着退火温度的增加不断减少,这表明自由体积不断减少.对压痕周围剪切带形态的观察表明,退火样品中被激活的剪切带减少,剪切带之间的夹角2θ不断变化,铸态大约为88°,经过633K保温1h减小为79°.由Mohr-Coulomb准则可知,通过测量2θ可以确定压力敏感因子,随着退火温度的升高,原子间相互摩擦的作用加剧,导致压力敏感因子增加.     

退火温度对Zr_(56)Cu_(19)Ni_(11)Al_9Nb_5非晶合金电化学性能的影响

通过差示扫描量热法(DSC)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、动电位极化法和电化学阻抗图谱(EIS),研究了退火温度对Zr_(56)Cu_(19)Ni_(11)Al_9Nb_5非晶合金在3.5%的NaCl溶液中电化学性能的影响。结果表明,升温速率为10K/min时,试样的玻璃化转变温度Tg为689.0K,晶化温度Tx为733.3K。铸态试样以及在623K和723K退火30min的试样具有非晶结构,在823K和923K退火30min试样发生晶化并且随着温度的升高晶化程度逐渐增加。随着退火温度升高,铸态试样以及在623～923K退火30min试样的自腐蚀电位先正移然后负移,腐蚀电流密度先减小然后增加,容抗弧半径先增加然后减小,表明耐腐蚀性先增强然后减弱,且在723K退火后耐腐蚀性最好,在923K退火后耐腐蚀性最差。     

敏感因子对锆基非晶剪切带与断裂性能的影响

采用Rockwell压痕和MTS研究了铸态和退火Zr41.2Ti13.8Cu12.5Ni10 Be22.5大块非晶的剪切带之间夹角和断裂面角度的关系.经过退火处理,压痕下剪切带之间的夹角(2(è)变化范围大约是88°～79°,而压缩断裂角((è)变化范围大约是44°～40°,其值刚好是压痕下剪切带之间夹角的一半.由Mohr-Coulomb准则可知,敏感因子的增加,正应力对剪切平面的作用显著增加,因而改变了剪切断裂的临界条件.     

汽车用镁合金温轧工艺与性能研究

以ZK60镁合金为研究对象,讨论了温轧工艺对镁合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,镁合金温轧后显微组织由树枝晶变为纤维状的变形组织,轧制温度越高,动态再结晶越容易产生,且剪切带密度降低;将镁合金进行退火处理后,剪切带密度进一步降低。随着轧制温度的增加,镁合金薄带强度降低,伸长率增加。经退火处理后,强度低于相应温度轧制态,伸长率高于轧制态。随着道次间压下量的提高,镁合金组织中剪切带和孪晶密度增加,强度和伸长率增加。     

轧制和退火对Cu-Mg-Te-Y合金组织和性能的影响(英文)

研究Cu-Mg-Te-Y合金在铸态、热轧态、冷轧态的组织和元素分布;讨论不同退火温度对Cu-Mg-Te-Y合金组织的改变;分析轧制和退火温度对Cu-Mg-Te-Y合金性能的影响。结果表明,不同的轧制工艺获得的合金组织与铸态合金组织相比差别明显,轧制后合金中Mg元素分布比铸态合金的更加均匀,Cu-Mg-Te-Y合金热轧后Cu2Te相被挤碎,尺寸变小,分布更加弥散,继续冷轧后Cu2Te相则被拉长、压扁,呈细条状。冷轧后的Cu-Mg-Te-Y合金在390°C以下退火1 h,组织变化不明显,在550°C退火1 h后,冷变形产生的纤维状组织发生完全回复再结晶,加工硬化效果消失,抗拉强度大幅度下降,导电率上升。退火温度在360~390°C范围内,Cu-Mg-Te-Y合金可以获得较好的力学性能。     

退火对Ti_(35)Zr_(30)Be_(24)Cu_(7.5)Co_(3.5)块体非晶合金耐磨性的影响

采用销-盘法研究了直径?3 mm Ti_(35)Zr_(30)Be_(24)Cu_(7.5)Co_(3.5)块体非晶合金及其经623 K和653 K退火1 h后的耐磨性,利用SEM分析了磨损形貌。结果表明,经磨损后,试样磨损面显微硬度略有提高,有加工硬化现象出现;623 K温度下退火1 h后,相组成与铸态同为非晶相,试样磨损以局部剪切的塑性流变为主,磨损机制为疲劳磨损;随着温度提高到653 K退火1 h后,合金由部分非晶相及纳米相组成,显微硬度突升到1 042 HV,磨损以碎片剥落及犁沟为主,磨损机制为磨粒磨损。     

冷轧工艺参数对商业纯钛力学性能和腐蚀性能的影响

在液氮温度和室温下对商业纯钛采用不同的压下量进行轧制,并进行真空退火处理。对试样进行单轴拉伸实验和硬度实验研究其力学性能,采用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜研究其微观组织和断口形貌,通过电化学实验研究其耐腐蚀性能。结果表明,冷轧可以显著提升商业纯钛的抗拉强度,变形量为90%时可由原始态的281. 4 MPa提升至848. 4 MPa;断裂伸长率由16. 0%降至4. 0%。同时在80%的变形量下,深冷轧制强度(794. 3 MPa)比室温轧制的抗拉强度(691. 8 MPa)更高。随着变形量的增加,断口形貌显示试样由韧性断裂向脆性断裂转变。退火后发生再结晶,硬度大幅度降低,深冷轧制相对室温冷轧的增强强化效果消失。在人工模拟体液中进行开路电位、极化曲线与电化学阻抗谱测试。结果表明,退火使腐蚀电位负移,腐蚀电流密度增大,电荷转移极化电阻减小,退火后纯钛晶粒长大,耐腐蚀性降低。     

带状组织对22CrMo钢棒材淬火特性的影响

运用DIL805A热膨胀相变仪对热轧态和退火态22CrMo齿轮钢试样的淬火膨胀性能进行测定,研究了带状组织对钢各向异性的影响,通过光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜观察并分析显微组织。结果表明,含有带状组织的22CrMo齿轮钢不同方向试样的淬火变形量呈现明显各向异性,垂直于轧制带的膨胀量明显大于轧制带方向,不同带状组织的合金元素富集程度不同,导致相变产生的塑性应变制约相邻带的膨胀变形。热轧态22CrMo齿轮钢淬火膨胀无规律性;而退火钢的淬火膨胀特性有明显规律,奥氏体化保温时间越长,碳化物溶解充分,淬透性越高。     

2014铝合金轧制工艺研究

通过显微组织观察、拉伸性能测试研究了轧制温度、轧制变形量对2014铝合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:当变形量60%且轧制温度400～460℃时,随着轧制温度的升高,组织中再结晶晶粒逐渐减少,420℃轧制试样组织均匀,晶粒尺寸最小。随着轧制温度的升高,试样强度和伸长率先升高再降低,420℃轧制试样的强度和伸长率达到最大值。当轧制温度420℃且变形量20%～80%时,随着变形量的增加,试样铸态枝晶状组织逐渐减少,抗拉强度和伸长率先增大后减小,屈服强度变化不明显。当变形量60%时,试样力学性能最优。     

Hardness and shear band evolution in bulk metallic glasses after plastic deformation and annealing

Strain-induced hardening and annealing-induced softening are typical in crystalline metals. Bulk metallic glasses (BMG) exhibit the opposite behavior, namely, strain-induced softening and annealing-induced hardening. In addition, reversible softening–hardening–softening occurs in a BMG subjected to a three-step deformation–annealing–deformation process. The hardness changes after deformation and annealing can be correlated with the shear band patterns around/underneath Vickers indents. Shear bands produced during indentation of as-cast BMG are semicircular and radial, consistent with the stress distribution beneath the indenter. In contrast, the shear bands in the pre-strained BMG are irregular and convoluted, and appear to be a mixture of the shear bands produced during the prior compression and those in the as-cast BMG. After annealing, the shear bands tend to recover their semicircular and radial shapes consistent with the annealing-induced hardening.     

Shear band evolution and hardness change in cold-rolled bulk metallic glasses

A systematic investigation of the shear band evolution and hardness change with deformation was performed on cold-rolled Zr_64.13Cu_15.75Ni_10.12Al₁₀ and Zr_46.5Cu₄₅Al₇Ti_1.5 bulk metallic glasses. It was found that primary shear bands reach saturation after 7% in thickness reduction and only primary shear bands exist below 20% in thickness reduction, based on statistical analyses of primary shear band spacing, angle and offset. Rolling creates more free volume, and deformation-induced residual stress distribution in a heavily rolled specimen relative to the as-cast specimen has been determined. Larger tensile residual stresses are generated on the side surface as compared with those on the top surface, while compressive residual stresses in the middle are induced. Such residual stresses strongly influence the hardness measured. It is also revealed that after stress relief, the hardness does not decrease considerably in heavily rolled/annealed specimens here as compared to as-cast/annealed specimens, probably due to low shear band density.     

Effect of pressure sensitivity index on the deformation behavior of Zr41.2Ti13.8Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5 metallic glasses

The effect of pressure sensitivity index on the deformation behavior in Zr_41.2Ti_13.8Cu_12.5Ni₁₀Be_22.5 metallic glasses was studied using the indentation tests. The results showed that the intersecting slip lines occurred in the as-cast samples when the metallic glasses was deformed, and their shear band quantity, length, and density decreased with increasing the pressure sensitivity index in the annealed samples. The plastic deformation size of the as-cast sample is higher than that of the annealed samples under all the loads. It is therefore indicated that the pressure sensitivity index can affect strongly the deformation behavior and morphological characteristics of shear band of the metallic glasses.     

冲击接触载荷下45钢亚表层组织结构

对不同冲击角度下４５钢亚表层组织结构进行了考察与研究。冲击载荷下亚表层结构可分为强烈塑性变形区和一般塑性变形区,随着冲击角度的变小,亚表层总厚度增加,强烈塑变区的绝对厚度也大幅增加。当冲击角度为９０°时,亚表层中仅存在强度塑性变形区,没有明显的一般塑性变形区。非９０°冲击角度下,亚表层组织的塑性变形具有明显的方向性,并且随着冲击角度的减小,晶粒变形取向趋向于冲击方向,其程度也越来越严重。冲击次数达到一定值后,强烈塑变区中出现超细化层。珠光体中碳化物的细化主要是由于剪切滑移带的扩展受阻而导致的剪切分离     

On the subsurface deformation of two different Fe-based bulk metallic glasses indented by Vickers micro hardness

Bonded interface technique was employed to examine the nature of subsurface deformation during Vickers micro indentation in two iron-base bulk metallic glasses, (Fe_0.9Ni_0.1)₇₇Mo₅P₉C_7.5B_1.5 (BMG-1) and Fe₄₀Co₈Cr₁₅Mo₁₃Y₂C₁₆B₆ (BMG-2). Quantitative information such as the subsurface deformation zone size was recorded for indentation loads ranging from 200 to 5000 gr. The results showed that the BMG-2 specimens had an average hardness value higher than those observed in the BMG-1 specimens. The trends of the hardness vs. indentation load in the BMG-1 specimens were found to be related to the pressure sensitive index, while in the BMG-2 specimens, the cracking events and deformation-induced creation of free volume were responsible for the hardness tendency change. Observations of the deformation zones indicated that they deformed noticeably through two types of semi-circular and radial shear bands and the density of the radial shear bands was much more in the annealed specimens compared to the as-cast specimens. The relaxed and partially crystallized BMG-2 specimens exhibited cracking, ripple-like pattern as well as cracking and fragmentation, respectively. A simplified R = CP^0.5 model was used to analyze the shear band zone size in the subsurface and specimens brittleness.     

样品尺寸对Pd基块体非晶合金内部剪切带的影响

以Pd79Cu4Au2Si10P5块体非晶合金为对象,研究了不同尺寸合金的塑性变形行为及其内部剪切带特征。结果表明,直径为1,2和3 mm的该非晶合金都具有良好的塑性变形能力,其塑性变形量随着试样尺寸的增大而降低,分别约为13%,10%,8%。不同尺寸试样的应力-应变曲线有明显不同的锯齿流变,2 mm试样锯齿振幅最大,3 mm试样锯齿振幅最小,而且1和3 mm试样的应力-应变曲线的锯齿间隔都比2 mm试样的小。金相显微镜的观察结果表明,随着试样尺寸的增加,其内部主剪切带密度降低,次生剪切带密度增加。在扫描电镜下能明显看到内部主剪切带厚度随着试样尺寸的增加而增加。     

Mechanical response of amorphous ZrCuTi/PdCuSi nanolaminates under nanoindentation

In this paper, the relationship between mechanical response and shear band evolution for ZrCuTi (ZCT)/PdCuSi (PCS) nanolaminates under nanoindentation is discussed. Comparing to the monolithic amorphous ZCT and PCS films, the ZCT/PCS nanolaminates exhibit enhanced hardness and a more homogenous deformation mode. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy observations show that the shear-band patterns beneath the indent in ZCT/PCS nanolaminates are irregular and convoluted, and appear to be a mixture of the semi-circular shear bands and radial shear bands.     

辽宁工程技术大学，辽宁 阜新 123000

提出了利用梯度塑性理论计算Ti-6Al-4V绝热剪切带的局部剪切应变新方法.绝热剪切带的最大局部塑性剪切应变依赖于临界塑性剪切应变、试样的标定长度、绝热剪切带总厚度、绝热剪切带的平均塑性剪切应变.计算表明,随着绝热剪切带总厚度的增加,绝热剪切带的最大局部塑性剪切应变以非线性方式下降.当绝热剪切带总厚度的取值接近1 mm时,尽管确定临界塑性剪切应变的方法不同,但是,绝热剪切带的最大局部塑性剪切应变的计算值差别很小.当绝热剪切带总厚度取值在0.335～1 mm之间时,绝热剪切带的最大局部塑性剪切应变的计算值位于Liao及Duffy(1998)实验结果的下限(75%)和上限(350%)之间.     

A nanoindentation study of serrated flow in bulk metallic glasses

Plastic deformation of two Pd- and two Zr-based bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) is investigated through the use of nanoindentation, which probes mechanical properties at the length scale of shear bands, the carriers of plasticity in such alloys. These materials exhibit serrated flow during nanoindentation, manifested as a stepped load-displacement curve punctuated by discrete bursts of plasticity. These discrete “pop-in” events correspond to the activation of individual shear bands, and the character of serrations is strongly dependent on the indentation loading rate; slower indentation rates promote more conspicuous serrations, and rapid indentations suppress serrated flow. Analysis of the experimental data reveals a critical applied strain rate, above which serrated flow is completely suppressed. Furthermore, careful separation of the plastic and elastic contributions to deformation reveals that, at sufficiently low indentation rates, plastic deformation occurs entirely in discrete events of isolated shear banding, while at the highest rates, deformation is continuous, without any evidence of discrete events at any size scale. All of the present results are consistent with a kinetic limitation for shear bands, where at high rates, a single shear band cannot accommodate the imposed strain rapidly enough, and consequently multiple shear bands must operate simultaneously.     

非晶Ni-P镀层压痕塑性变形及氢对塑性变形的影响

采用Vickers压痕法研究了非晶态Ni-P镀层在压痕作用下的塑性变形及氢对镀层塑性变形的影响.结果表明,在压痕作用下压痕周围和底部出现环形剪切带,压痕塑性区尺寸与压痕载荷的平方根成正比,氢可以促进局部塑性变形、降低镀层的屈服强度.