Al-Zn-Mg-Zr合金铸锭的均匀化

采用差示扫描量热分析确定Al-Zn-Mg-Zr合金均匀化处理温度和过烧温度,采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱分析和透射电镜研究合金铸锭均匀化过程中显微组织的演化,探索该合金的均匀化热处理工艺,研究铸锭均匀化动力学过程,并利用菲克定理构建均匀化动力学方程。结果表明:铸态Al-Zn-Mg-Zr合金由α(Al)固溶体、固溶了Cu元素的η-Mg Zn2相和非平衡共晶相T-Mg32(Al,Zn)49组成。随着均匀化温度的升高和时间的延长,非平衡共晶相溶入基体,晶内有弥散Al3Zr粒子析出,该合金的最佳均匀化热处理工艺为470℃退火16 h。     

高强铝合金均匀化热处理

采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、电子探针微区分析研究了电磁半连续铸造Al—Zn-Mg-Cu合金铸态和均匀化态的显微组织和成分分布,确定了均匀化处理的过烧温度;研究了铸锭均匀化动力学,导出了均匀化动力学方程。根据实验及计算结果,得出最佳均匀化处理工艺为450℃退火24h。     

Al-Cu-Li-Mn-Zr-Ti合金在均匀化过程中的组织演变

采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDX)和差示扫描热分析法(DSC)研究 Al?Cu?Li?Mn?Zr?Ti 合金在均匀化过程中的组织转变。结果表明,实验合金的铸态组织中存在严重的枝晶偏析,晶界处存在大量的共晶相,主要合金元素沿枝晶区域呈周期性分布。合金中的主要未溶相为Al2Cu相,过烧温度为520°C;均匀化过程中,随着温度的升高和时间的延长,晶界处的第二相逐渐溶入基体中,晶界逐渐变得稀疏;合金的均匀化过程可以用一指数方程描述;实验合金适宜的均匀化制度为(510°C,18 h),这与采用均匀化动力学方程计算的结果基本吻合。     

铸造316L不锈钢偏析及其均匀化处理研究

为了消除铸造316L不锈钢铸态组织的枝晶偏析,采用箱式电阻炉对该材料进行了均匀化退火处理的研究。并利用能谱仪、直读光谱仪测试和扫描电镜、光学显微镜观察等方法,研究了该材料铸态组织及枝晶间和枝晶内化学成分的特点,发现了不同的均匀化退火工艺对该材料显微组织的影响规律。并以空位扩散机制为基础,进行了均匀化动力学分析,建立316L合金的均匀化扩散方程。结果表明,铸造316L不锈钢铸态组织存在严重枝晶偏析,枝晶间的Cr、Mo、Ni、Mn等合金元素含量比枝晶内的高。在均匀化过程中,随着退火温度的上升、时间的增长,组织中高熔点共晶相逐渐溶解,均匀化效果增强。当均匀化退火工艺为1150℃×20 h的固溶处理时,铸造枝晶偏析90%消除,可以得到均匀的奥氏体组织。这与均匀化动力学分析结果基本一致。     

含Sc超高强Al-Zn-Cu-Mg-Zr合金均匀化过程中的组织演变

用光学显微镜（OM）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、能谱分析（EDS）和X射线衍射技术（XRD）分析了不同均匀化条件下Al-Zn-Cu-Mg-Sc-Zr铝合金的组织演变与成分分布。结果表明：Al-Zn-Cu-Mg-Sc-Zr铝合金铸锭中存在严重的枝晶偏析,晶界有许多共晶相,主要元素在枝晶内部区域呈周期性分布;晶界的主要共晶相为Al7Cu2Fe相和T（Al2Mg3Zn3）相;在合金均匀化过程中,随着温度的升高和时间的延长,残留相逐渐溶入基体,这个过程可以用一指数方程来描述;合金的过烧温度为473.9°C;最佳的均匀化处理制度为470°C,24h,这一结果与均匀化动力学方程测算的结果相符。     

W17.9Ni65.6B13.5V3非晶合金的非等温晶化动力学研究

采用单辊急冷法制备了W17.9Ni65.6B13.5V3非晶薄带,并用X射线衍射(XRD)和示差扫描量热分析仪(DSC)研究了该非晶合金的变温晶化动力学。结果表明：玻璃转变温度Tg、晶化起始温度Tx和晶化峰值温度Tp均随着升温速率的增加而提高,具有明显的动力学效应;利用Kissinger方程和Ozawa方程求出的W17.9Ni65.6B13.5V3非晶合金的晶化激活能Ex分别达456.9kJ/mol和471.1kJ/mol,非晶合金具有较强的热稳定性;利用Kissinger方程和Ozawa方程计算得到的晶化激活能Ex均小于晶体长大激活能Ep,表明形核过程比晶粒长大过程更容易,该非晶合金在一定条件下退火容易获得超细晶粒组织。     

一种新型高温合金的初熔相及溶解动力学（英文）

基于XRD、SEM和EDS分析,确定GH4151合金的组成相。采用差示扫描量热法(DSC)和金相法测定合金的初始熔化温度。结果表明,合金的初熔温度在1150～1160°C之间。随后,研究Laves相的溶解过程,得到不同温度条件下的溶解动力学方程。基于实验,预测GH4151合金中Laves相溶解分数模型的可靠性得到验证。扩散系数的研究结果表明Nb元素的扩散是GH4151合金均匀化的关键因素。     

均匀化处理对6061铝合金材料微观组织和力学性能的影响

采用硬度测试、电子显微分析方法(SEM、TEM)和能谱分析(EDS)等手段,系统研究均匀化温度和保温时间对6061铝合金铸锭微观组织及力学性能的变化规律。结果表明,当均匀化退火条件为550℃/12h时,第二相的数量、分布和尺寸达到最佳,合金硬度也相对最高。均匀化退火过程中的扩散动力学分析表明,均匀化所需时间随温度的增加和枝晶间距的减小而缩短。动力学分析所得结果与试验均匀化处理制度基本吻合。     

Cu-3Si-2Ni合金均匀化的组织演变及扩散行为（英文）

为了消除铸态Cu-3Si-2Ni合金中枝晶偏析及非平衡组织对其加工性能的影响,分别在850~950℃、保温2~8 h条件下对比研究了该合金在均匀化下的元素分布、显微组织及性能变化规律。结果表明:随温度的升高及保温时间的延长,合金的偏析程度及非平衡第二相组织明显减少,合金综合力学性能均得以提高和改善,其中温度对均匀化效果的影响更为显著;在相同加热条件下,合金中Ni比Si的扩散速度更慢。并在此基础上利用扩散理论建立起相应的Ni元素均匀化动力学方程。经验证,实验值与理论计算结果基本吻合,获得该合金较佳的均匀化退火工艺为900℃×4 h。     

Zr-Sn-Nb-Fe合金的第二相颗粒粗化行为

采用SEM-SE及定量金相分析技术研究了不同成品退火温度(450～550 ℃,2 h)的两种Zr-Sn-Nb-Fe合金包壳管第二相颗粒的粗化行为。结果表明,升高温度能促进第二相分布均匀化及尺寸粗化的过程。根据粗化二次动力学方程计算得出Zr-0.3Sn-1.2Nb-0.2Fe合金的第二相颗粒粗化激活能为209 kJ/mol,Zr-0.5Sn-0.2Nb-0.8Fe合金的第二相颗粒粗化激活能为179 kJ/mol。粗化激活能的大小与锆合金中Nb含量的高低存在对应关系。     

RHEOLOGY FEATURE OF SIMPLE METAL MELT

The rheology feature of Sb, Bi melt and alloys was studied using coaxial cylinder high-temperature viscometer. The results showed that the curve of torsion-rotational speed for Sb melt presents a linear relation in all measured temperature ranges, whereas for the Bi melt, the curve presents obvious non-Newtonian feature within the low temperature range and at relative high shear stress. The rheology feature of Sb80Bi20 and Sb20Bi80 alloy melts was well correlated with that of Sb and Bi, respectively. It is considered that the rheology behavior of Sb melt plays a crucial role in Sb80Bi20 alloy and that of Bi melt plays a crucial role in Sb20Bi80 alloy.     

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of a Newly Developed Austenitic Heat Resistant Steel

The effect of heat treatment on the microstructures and mechanical properties of a newly developed austenitic heat resistant steel(named as T8 alloy) for ultra-supercritical applications have been studied. Results show that the main phases in the alloy after solution treatment are γ and primary MX. Subsequent aging treatment causes the precipitation of M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries and a small number of nanoscale MX inside the grains. In addition, with increasing the aging temperature and time, the morphology of M_(23)C_6 carbides changes from semi-continuous chain to continuous network.Compared with a commercial HR3C alloy, T8 alloy has comparable tensile strength, but higher stress rupture strength. The dominant cracking mechanism of the alloy during tensile test at room temperature is transgranular, while at high temperature, intergranular cracking becomes the main cracking mode, which may be caused by the precipitation of continuous M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries. Typical intergranular cracking is the dominant cracking mode of the alloy at all stress rupture tests.     

The 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014held in Qingdao China

Organized by Suppliers China Co., Ltd and co-organized by the National Technical Committee 54 on Foundry of Standardization Administration of China, the 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014 （hereinafter referred to as FSC 2014） was successfully held on Sep. 23rd in Grand Regency Hotel, Qingdao. More than 500 delegates from home and abroad attended this conference, including over 130 purchasers from 20 countries and 380 domestic and foreign suppliers.     

Secondary Recrystallization Behaviors of Grain-Oriented 6.5 wt% Silicon Steel Sheets Produced by Rolling and Nitriding Processes

By rolling and nitriding processes, 0.23- to 0.3-mm-thick grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel sheets were produced. The core losses of grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel at frequencies ranging from 400 Hz to 20 k Hz were lower than that of the grain-oriented 3 wt% silicon steel with the same thickness by 16.6–35.8%. The secondary recrystallization behavior was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and electron backscattered diffraction. The results show that the secondary recrystallization in high-silicon steel sheets develops more completely as the nitrogen content increases after nitriding, secondary recrystallized grain sizes become larger, and the sharpness of Goss texture increases. Because more {110}116 grains in the subsurface and the central layer of the sheets have a lot of 20°–45° high-energy boundaries in addition to Goss grains, {110}116 can be the main component through selective growth during secondary recrystallization when the inhibitor quantity is not enough and inhibitor intensity is weaker. The increases in nitrogen content can increase the inhibitor intensity and hinder abnormal growth of a mount of {110}116 grains and therefore enhance the sharpness of Goss texture.     

LASER CLADDED TiCN COATINGS ON THE SURFACE OF TITANIUM

Laser cladded coatings of TiCN were produced on the surface of titanium. To obtain the optimal techniques, several conditions were tested by varying the laser scanning rate. The choice of shielding gas was also studied. The cladded coatings were then evaluated from the surface mechanics point of view based on their microhardness. The microstructure of some interesting samples was investigated by optical micrographs (OM). The results showed that under the condition of fixed pulse frequency and pulse width, the laser scanning rate and the shielding gas are the main factors influencing the components of coatings. TiCN coatings were decompounded and oxidized during the cladding process in the condition of no shielding gas of N2. X-ray diffraction results indicated that the composite coatings composed of TiCN, TiC, Ti2N, and TiO2 were produced using appropriate techniques. The results indicated that the best condition in terms of the surface microhardness is obtained when the scanning rate is 1.5mm / s, the pulse frequency is 15Hz, the pulse width is 3.0ms, and N2 is chosen as the shielding gas. The microhardness of the composite coatings is about 1331kg · mm - 2, which is about 4 times that of the substrate. The optical micrographs indicated that the cladding zone is made up of TiCN, TiO2, and some interdendritic Ti, but the diffusion zone mainly consists of the dendrites phase, and the cladded depth is about 80m, which is more than 2 times that of the laser nitrided sample. There were no microcracks or air bubbles in the cladded sample, which was cladded using the above optimal techniques.     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of X80 Pipeline Steel Joints by Friction Stir Welding Under Various Cooling Conditions

X80 pipeline steel plates were friction stir welded(FSW) under air, water, liquid CO_2 + water, and liquid CO_2 cooling conditions, producing defect-free welds. The microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of these FSW joints were studied. Coarse granular bainite was observed in the nugget zone(NZ) under air cooling, and lath bainite and lath martensite increased signifi cantly as the cooling medium temperature reduced. In particular, under the liquid CO_2 cooling condition, a dual phase structure of lath martensite and fi ne ferrite appeared in the NZ. Compared to the case under air cooling, a strong shear texture was identifi ed in the NZs under other rapid cooling conditions, because the partial deformation at elevated temperature was retained through higher cooling rates. Under liquid CO_2 cooling, the highest transverse tensile strength and elongation of the joint reached 92% and 82% of those of the basal metal(BM), respectively, due to the weak tempering softening. A maximum impact energy of up to 93% of that of the BM was obtained in the NZ under liquid CO_2 cooling, which was attributed to the operation of the dual phase of lath martensite and fi ne ferrite.     

INDUSTRY NEWS

China Securities News reported on March 21, 2014： Guangdong Hongtu Wuhan Die Casting Co., Ltd. （Wuhan Hongtu）, a wholly owned subsidiary of Guangdong Hongtu Technology （Holdings） Co., Ltd., held a groundbreaking ceremony recently. With the registered capital of 50 million Yuan, Wuhan Hongtu has a total land area of 100,000 square meters and a plant construction area of 72,000 square meters. It is expected to have a production capacity of about 30,000 tonnes of aluminum castings annually after it is put into production.     

Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Behavior of Extruded Mg–Zn–Ag Alloys with Single-Phase Structure

Mg–Zn–Ag alloys have been extensively studied in recent years for potential biodegradable implants due to their unique mechanical properties,biodegradability and biocompatibility.In the present study,Mg–3Zn-x Ag(wt%,x=0.2,0.5 and0.8)alloys with single-phase crystal structure were prepared by backward extrusion at 340°C.The addition of Ag element into Mg–3Zn slightly influences the ultimate tensile strength and microstructure,but the elongation firstly increases from12%to 19.8%and then decreases from 19.8%to 9.9%with the increment of Ag concentration.The tensile yield strength,ultimate tensile strength and elongation of Mg–3Zn–0.2Ag alloy reach up to 142,234 MPa and 19.8%,respectively,which are the best mechanical performance of Mg–Zn–Ag alloys in the present work.The extruded Mg–3Zn–0.2Ag alloy also possesses the best corrosion behavior with the corresponding corrosion rate of 3.2 mm/year in immersion test,which could be explained by the single-phase and uniformly distributed grain structure,and the fewer twinning.     

STUDY ON PROPERTIES OF PULSE ELECTRODEPOSITED RE-Ni-W-P-SiC COMPOSITE COATINGS

The effects of pulse frequency f and duty cycle r on the deposition rate, composition, morphology, and hardness of pulse electrodeposited RE （rare earth）-Ni-W-P-SiC composite coatings have been studied. The results indicate that pulse current can improve the deposition rate of RE-Ni-W-P-SiC composite coatings; W, P, and SiC contents in the coating decrease with the increase of pulse frequency and reach the lowest value at f = 33Hz, whereas the RE content in the composite coatings increases with the increase of pulse frequency. SiC content decreases with the increase of duty cycle, W content reaches the lowest value, and P content reaches the highest value at r = 0.4; pulse current and RE can lead to smaller size of the crystalline grains; however, the effects of different pulse frequency and duty cycle on the morphologies of RE-Ni-W-P-SiC composite coatings are not obvious. The hardness of RE-Ni-W-P-SiC composite coatings is the highest when the duty cycle is at 0.6 and 0.8 and pulse frequency is at 50Hz. At the same pulse frequency, the hardness of RE-Ni-W-P-SiC composite coatings at r= 0.8 is higher than that at r= 0.6.