Ti-60钛合金电子束焊接接头高温下的失效与变形行为

在600℃拉伸条件下,Ti-60钛合金电子束焊接接头的熔合区和热影响区抗变形能力强于母材区(BM),试样断裂于母材区.在600℃持久条件下,当加载应力≤550 MPa时,接头变形以扩散控制的位错攀移为主,变形能力取决于显微组织中的板条边界密度,板条越细,边界密度越高,变形能力越大,断裂位置在接头熔合区;当加载应力接近或550 MPa(母材区屈服强度附近)时,接头的变形以位错滑移为主,断裂位置在母材区.在600℃高周疲劳条件下,疲劳裂纹易萌生于接头母材区,裂纹形核位置在试样的表面或次表面. TEM观察表明,接头母材区的变形以贯穿板条集束的位错滑移为主;而接头熔合区中的位错则局限在单个马氏体板条内部,位错运动特征为攀移及少量滑移.     

FV520B钢十字焊接接头的疲劳性能

用金相显微镜和扫描电镜观察了FV520B钢焊接接头母材、焊缝及热影响区的微观组织;并通过透射电镜给出了母材和焊缝的微观形貌。结果表明:母材组织为细小均匀的回火马氏体、弥散分布的析出相及高密度位错,而焊缝为粗大的板条马氏体及少量的析出相,说明母材力学性能优于焊缝。利用疲劳实验获得了高平均拉应力下接头的疲劳强度及S-N曲线等。通过对疲劳断口的观察,发现疲劳断裂主要有两种形式:破坏于焊趾处和焊接缺陷处,由于这里严重的应力集中,加速了疲劳裂纹的萌生。     

大厚度TC4钛合金超窄间隙激光填丝焊接头组织性能研究

采用激光填丝焊接方法进行96 mm厚TC4钛合金板超窄间隙焊接,并对焊接接头进行了组织和性能分析。研究发现:焊缝整体呈钉形,没有出现气孔、裂纹及侧壁未熔合等焊接缺陷;焊缝区域主要由大量细长针状α’马氏体相互交织构成;焊接接头上中下3部分热影响区宽度、焊缝区域中α’马氏体板条宽度和位错密度呈递减趋势;焊接接头下部焊缝区域的α’马氏体晶界取向差在55°~65°的大角度晶界分布较中部和上部焊缝区域组织中略少一些;上中下3部分焊接接头中的焊缝区域显微硬度均明显高于热影响区和母材;沿壁厚方向焊接接头的抗拉强度与母材相当,焊接接头断裂位置均位于硬度值较高的焊缝处;最大局部应变出现在焊接接头下部中靠近母材的焊缝区域,局部应变值达到26.3%,而最小的局部应变值出现在焊接接头上部靠近母材的焊缝区,局部应变值约为14.5%。     

热处理工艺对CLAM钢电子束焊缝显微组织与冲击韧性的影响

对聚变堆用中国低活化马氏体钢（CLAM钢）进行了真空电子束焊接试验,并对接头进行了回火和调质处理．利用光学显微镜（OM）、扫描电镜（SEM）及透射电镜（TEM）对焊缝热处理前后的显微组织进行了观察,并对焊缝进行了室温冲击试验．结果表明,焊态下,焊缝由粗大板条马氏体和δ铁素体构成,其冲击韧性较差;回火处理后,马氏体组织转变为回火马氏体组织,δ铁素体保存下来,且其晶界聚集了大量M23C6型碳化物．碳化物地聚集使得δ铁素体与原奥氏体晶界的结合减弱,在受到外部载荷作用时,裂纹易于萌生和扩展,故回火后焊缝冲击韧性未得到改善;调质处理消除了δ铁素体,焊缝组织转变为和母材相同的回火马氏体组织,焊缝冲击韧性显著提高．     

深窄间隙焊接接头疲劳性能试验研究

通过高周疲劳试验,测定了大厚壁NiCrMoV钢深窄间隙埋弧焊焊接接头的S-N特征曲线.疲劳试验发现,疲劳试样断裂位置多发生在焊缝处,并对疲劳断口进行了SEM分析.发现疲劳裂纹源出现在材料内部,焊缝的裂纹源多萌生于焊接缺陷处,非金属夹杂是造成母材疲劳裂纹形核的原因.试验得出了该焊接接头的条件疲劳强度(N=5×107)为405 MPa,从而为结构设计工作人员提供了技术依据;严格控制焊接缺陷可改善整个接头的疲劳性能.     

电子束焊接Ti-6Al-4V接头断裂行为机制

研究了电子束焊接Ti-6Al-4V接头组织结构形态对断裂行为机制的影响。焊缝组织为大量柱状晶和等轴晶以及少量的板条马氏体，粗大的针状d β相和马氏体α’相呈现出多向短针状，焊缝晶粒尺寸为200～350μm，焊缝区的显微硬度值达到536HV，焊缝晶粒粗大严重增加了组织的脆性，使其断裂易发生在焊缝区域。焊缝内部的部分微气孔充当着裂纹的起始源，同时由于气孔分布的不均匀性使其断裂裂纹的扩展路径为非直线分支型。由于α/β两相的线膨胀系数的差异，焊缝中存在的两相交错结构，亦使其断裂发生在／βα界面附近处。层错结构的存在造成强烈的位错塞积产生微孔，成为新的裂纹开裂源。     

A7N01铝合金焊接接头的疲劳特性及寿命预测(英文)

研究A7N01铝合金焊接接头的疲劳特性,提出基于疲劳裂纹萌生寿命的寿命预测模型。母材、热影响区和焊缝三个区域内的疲劳裂纹萌生寿命差异较小。在这三个区域内,疲劳裂纹萌生寿命与疲劳总寿命之比是一个依赖于材料的参数,对于母材、热影响区和焊缝分别为26.32%、40.21%和60.67%。提出的疲劳寿命预测模型与实验结果和Basquin’s模型预测结果吻合良好。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对疲劳断口进行观察,发现焊缝区域的裂纹萌生于焊接过程中产生的光滑表面。热影响区内疲劳裂纹萌生于熔合区气孔。母材中破碎的第二相是引起疲劳裂纹的主要原因。     

电子束焊接Ti-6AI-4V接头断裂行为机制

研究了电子束焊接Ti-6Al-4V接头组织结构形态对断裂行为机制的影响.焊缝组织为大量柱状晶和等轴晶以及少量的板条马氏体,粗大的针状α+β相和马氏体α'相呈现出多向短针状,焊缝晶粒尺寸为200～350 μm,焊缝区的显微硬度值达到536 HV,焊缝晶粒粗大严重增加了组织的脆性,使其断裂易发生在焊缝区域.焊缝内部的部分微气孔充当着裂纹的起始源,同时由于气孔分布的不均匀性使其断裂裂纹的扩展路径为非直线分支型.由于α/β两相的线膨胀系数的差异,焊缝中存在的两相交错结构,亦使其断裂发生在α/β界面附近处.层错结构的存在造成强烈的位错塞积产生微孔,成为新的裂纹开裂源.     

12Cr/30Cr2Ni4MoV异质接头低周疲劳性能

文中研究了12Cr/30Cr2Ni4MoV异质焊接接头的显微组织、显微硬度和室温低周疲劳性能. 结果表明,母材12Cr的显微组织是板条状回火马氏体,母材30Cr2Ni4MoV是板条状回火马氏体和粒状回火贝氏体,过渡层和焊缝的显微组织为粒状回火贝氏体,且焊缝由柱状晶区与等轴晶区交替构成. 30Cr2Ni4MoV比12Cr有更高的显微硬度,过渡层的硬度最低,热影响区的显微硬度梯度变化. 12Cr,30Cr2Ni4MoV和过渡层的低周疲劳性能表现为循环软化特征,焊缝循环初期硬化随后软化;过渡层的疲劳过渡寿命最高;12Cr与过渡层之间的熔合界面是整个异质焊接接头低周疲劳最薄弱环节;焊缝柱状晶区的晶界或亚晶界分布的第二相粒子与基体的不协调变性,容易萌生疲劳裂纹.     

TC4钛合金激光焊接接头力学行为的原位研究

采用扫描电镜(SEM)原位拉伸法观察TC4钛合金激光焊接接头各微区孔洞形核与成长、损伤与断裂行为,研究接头微观组织对其损伤和断裂行为的影响。结果表明:焊缝区裂纹形核于晶内孪晶、滑移线与晶界交汇处,主裂纹形成直至最终断裂;热影响区多裂纹起裂,单一裂纹扩展至最终断裂;母材区孔洞优先形核于相界面及晶界区域,缺口前端孔洞群相互贯穿直至最终断裂。当应变超过0.023时,母材区及热影响区靠近母材一侧从协调变形向以界面微孔洞的行核与聚合为主转化;焊缝区粗大晶粒内部网篮状马氏体存在且晶界面积较小,导致变形机制未发生改变,促使其力学性能低于焊缝的。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.     

Structural Optimization of Electromagnetic Swirling Flow in Nozzle of Slab Continuous Casting

During the slab continuous casting process, the flow field of molten steel in the mold plays a decisive role in the quality of the slab. In this paper, electromagnetic swirling flow in nozzle technology is proposed to control the flow field in mold.This technology can drive molten steel to rotate inside the submerged entry nozzle by electromagnetic force, thereby controlling the flow field. This research shows that it can reduce the impact of molten steel on the bottom of nozzle and partly reduce the negative pressure at the upper part of nozzle outlet which is even eliminated by optimizing the structure and angle of nozzle. The area of heat flux of the mold wall becomes larger, and the crest value of heat flux gets lower than that without swirling in nozzle and any nozzle optimization. The meniscus fluctuates smoothly, and the flow velocity at the top surface is within a reasonable range. The temperature field distribution in the mold is uniform which was beneficial to the growth of equiaxed crystal and decreased element segregation.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).