快速凝固/粉末冶金制备高硅铝合金材料的组织与力学性能

采用空气雾化水冷与真空包套热挤压工艺相结合的方法,制备了Al-30Si和Al-40Si过共晶高硅铝合金材料,采用扫描电镜与金相显微镜进行了显微组织分析,检测了其力学性能.研究表明:所制备的高硅铝合金粉末颗粒尺寸在2～10 μm之间;挤压后的材料具有组织十分细小且均匀弥散分布的Si相;在370℃热挤压条件下,其抗拉强度高达239 MPa,比相同成分的铸轧态试样提高了77%,随着挤压温度的升高以及Si含量的增加,硅相颗粒增大,抗拉强度下降.     

粉末粒度对高硅铝合金显微组织及性能的影响

通过对快速凝固高硅铝合金粉末(Al-30%Si)进行真空包套热挤压,制备出高硅铝合金电子封装材料,研究了粉末粒度对高硅铝合金材料组织及性能的影响.利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、万能电子拉伸机、差热分析仪、TR-2热物性测试仪等设备系统测试和分析了该材料的显微组织、力学和物理性能.结果表明:原始粉末颗粒尺寸大小能显著影响材料热挤压后的显微组织和性能.原始粉末颗粒越细小,其硅相越细小、抗拉强度和致密度越高、气密性越好、热导率和热膨胀系数越低.     

快速凝固高硅铝合金粉末显微组织及时效特性

利用超音速气体雾化法制备快速凝固高硅铝合金粉末,并对合金粉末组成、显微组织特征、显微硬度及时效处理对它们的影响进行系统研究。结果表明利用超音速气体雾化法所制备的高硅铝合金粉末组织主要由基体上弥散分布的细小颗粒相Si和针状相Al9FeSi3组成。在X－射线衍射曲线上基体相及Si相衍射峰有一定程度宽化;合金粉末经时效处理后组织及相组成基本不发生变化,但基体及Si相衍射峰宽化程度有所减弱,时效初期合金粉末显微硬度有一定的程度降低,随后延长时效时间则保持不变。     

快速凝固高硅铝合金加热过程中的组织转变

利用气雾化法制备高硅铝合金粉末,采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)等现代测试手段,分析快速凝固高硅铝合金不同粒度粉末微观组织和结构特征,研究在不同加热温度和保温时间条件下针状富铁相的转变特性及β-Si相的粗化行为。结果表明:快速凝固高硅铝合金组织主要以基体上分布有大量细小的颗粒状和针状相为特征,合金粉末在加热过程中,随着温度的升高和保温时间的延长,颗粒β-Si相有粗化趋势,针状非平衡富铁相转变为棒状或颗粒状平衡相。通过台阶式连续加热模拟试验可获得针状相基本消失且颗粒β-Si相未发生明显粗化的组织。     

制备工艺对高硅铝合金的组织及性能的影响

采用熔炼铸造、真空包套热挤压、喷射沉积三种方法制备了Al-40％Si高硅铝合金锭坯，并通过光镜及扫描电镜对其组织进行分析。结果表明：真空包套热挤压工艺制备的样品其硅相细小。在挤压温度为490℃时。其Si相大小为2～10μm，且分布均匀弥散，初生硅相均匀分布在α基体相中。断口分析显示，真空包套热挤压高硅铝合金的断裂方式属晶内韧性断裂与沿晶断裂的混合型断裂。其力学性能也是这三种制备工艺中最优的，其抗拉强度高于170MPa，伸长率大于8％。     

高硅铝合金粉末的高温空气氧化预处理工艺

通过对铝硅合金粉末采用高温空气氧化预处理,然后进行包套热挤压,制备了Al-12Si共晶及Al-30Si过共晶高硅铝合金材料。利用氧分析仪、金相显微镜、扫描电镜及透射电镜等分析检测设备,对预处理粉末的氧含量与组织及所制备材料组织进行分析比较。结果表明：铝硅合金粉末氧含量随氧化时间延长而逐渐增加,氧化速度随氧化时间延长而下降;粉末颗粒表面氧含量明显高于颗粒内部的;在相同氧化时间内,Al-30Si粉末氧含量的增加大于Al-12Si的,Al-30Si粉末的氧化速度更快;合金粉末经高温空气氧化预处理后,晶粒出现不同程度的长大,Al-12Si共晶合金的晶粒长大不明显,而Al-30Si过共晶合金晶粒长大十分明显。     

硅相钝细化处理与热挤压对Al-25Si合金组织的影响

对Al-25Si合金进行硅相钝细化处理和热挤压的复合处理，研究工艺参数对Al-25Si合金组织形态的影响。结果表明：对铸态Al-25Si合金进行硅相钝细化处理，能够使合金中的硅相尖角钝化，保温温度越高、保温时间越长，硅相尖角钝化效果越明显；但保温温度过高、时间过长，硅相的粗化明显，尖角钝化效果变弱，反而不能改善硅相的形态。热挤压可以明显使共晶硅均匀分布在合金中，但是对初生硅的尺寸、形状几乎没影响；保温时间和温度对挤压态Al-25Si合金中的硅相有很大的影响，当温度达到合金的液相线时，合金的组织形态变化明显。随着保温温度和时间增加，硅相的尺寸增加，球化效果变好。但温度过高、时间过长会发生过烧氧化的现象。     

制备工艺对高硅铝合金的组织及性能的影响

采用熔炼铸造、真空包套热挤压、喷射沉积三种方法制备了Al-40%Si高硅铝合金锭坯,并通过光镜及扫描电镜对其组织进行分析。结果表明:真空包套热挤压工艺制备的样品其硅相细小,在挤压温度为490℃时,其Si相大小为2～10μm,且分布均匀弥散,初生硅相均匀分布在α基体相中。断口分析显示,真空包套热挤压高硅铝合金的断裂方式属晶内韧性断裂与沿晶断裂的混合型断裂。其力学性能也是这三种制备工艺中最优的,其抗拉强度高于170MPa,伸长率大于8%。     

固溶处理对快速凝固过共晶铝硅合金组织性能的影响

利用单辊旋转甩带法制备快速凝固铝硅合金薄带,并对其进行固溶处理,研究了不同固溶热处理工艺对合金组织和性能的影响.结果表明,快速凝固使Si相的形核和析出受到抑制,α相领先析出;与铸态组织相比,过共晶成分的铝硅合金经快速凝固后得到微纳米级亚共晶组织,且在随后的固溶处理过程中,随着保温时间的延长,Si元素从基体中脱溶析出并逐渐聚集长大,形成细小的Si颗粒均匀分布于基体之上.在480℃下保温100 min并水淬,经自然时效96 h后,Si相颗粒细小且圆整度高,合金硬度(HV)达到最高值241.67.     

喷射沉积耐热Al-15Si-5Fe-2Ni-3.5Cu-Mg-1.5Mn-V合金的组织与性能

采用喷射沉积快速凝固技术制备了Al-15Si-5Fe-2Ni-3.5Cu-Mg-1.5Mn-V合金,在480℃下进行热挤压,挤压比为8:1.采用光学显微镜以及扫描电镜对其微观组织进行观察,用X射线对其进行化学成分分析,并对喷射沉积挤压态合金的热稳定性、硬度进行测试.结果显示,喷射沉积工艺制备的Al-Si系合金组织均匀细小,初晶Si相的形状基本是颗粒状或块状.热挤压后合金组织致密,初晶Si相弥散分布在基体上.挤压态合金在300℃下初晶Si相没有明显长大,热稳定性良好.该合金在300℃下仍具有相当高的强度.     

Rapidly solidified hypereutectic Al-Si alloys prepared by powder hot extrusion

Rapidly solidified hypereutectic Al-Si alloys were prepared by powder hot extrusion.By eliminating vacuum degassing procedure.the fabrication routine was simplified.The tensile fracture mechanisms at room temperature and elevated temperature were investigated by SEM fractography.Compared with KS282 casting material,the tensile strength of rapidly solidified Al-Si alloy is greatly improved due to silicon particles refining while its density and coefficient of thermal expansion are lower.than those of KS282.The wear resistance of RS AlSi is better than that of KS282.     

快速凝固粉末冶金Mg_(80)Cu_(10)Y_(10)合金的组织与力学性能

采用快速凝固粉末冶金技术制备热挤压Mg_(80)Cu_(10)Y_(10)合金棒材,研究了快速凝固Mg_(80)Cu_(10)Y_(10)合金薄带及热挤压后合金的相结构,并对热处理工艺对合金棒材组织结构及力学性能的影响进行了分析.研究表明,采用单辊快速凝固法在辊速为1800 r/min下制备的Mg_(80)Cu_(10)Y_(10)合金薄带为完全非晶态;在热挤压过程中Mg_(80)Cu_(10)Y_(10)合金中有Mg_2Cu和Mg晶体相析出,其显微硬度比薄带有所提高,这与合金中细小Mg_2Cu颗粒的弥散析出有关;在450 ℃保温4 h后的热挤压Mg_(80)Cu_(10)Y_(10)合金中没有新相析出;随着热处理温度的升高或保温时间的延长,由于Mg_2Cu颗粒出现重溶及聚集长大现象,使得热挤压Mg_(80)Cu_(10)Y_(10)合金的显微硬度表现出逐渐下降的变化趋势.     

Cold repeated forming of compact for aluminium foam

A cold repeated forming process of compacts for producing metal foams was developed in order to strongly bond powder particles. In this process, the compact undergoes severe plastic deformation for the strong bonding of particles by repeated backward extrusion and cup compression, and thus the compact largely foams owing to the accumulation of gas released from blowing agents inside the compact during heating. The cold repeated forming process without heating is much simpler than that for the conventional hot extrusion process. The relative density of the foam was decreased by adding silicon powder to the compact, and an aluminium foam having a relative density of 0.27 was obtained using two repeats of backward extrusion and cup compression, 1.5 mass% titanium hydride powder and 4 mass% silicon powder. In addition, a one-piece foam was successively produced from the bonding of two compacts during the foaming in a die. It was found that the cold repeated forming of compacts is effective for the production of metal foams.     

机械合金化和烧结工艺对Al-Ni-Y-C0-La合金显微组织及力学性能的影响

通过气雾化方法制备Al86Ni7Y4．5Co1La1.5（摩尔分数,％）合金粉末。首先,将粉末进行不同时间的球磨,然后在不同的烧结温度及保压时间等条件下对粉末分别进行热压烧结和放电等离子烧结。通过X射线衍射仪（XRD）,扫描电镜（sEM）以及透射电镜（TEM）对粉末和块体材料的显微组织和形貌进行表征。结果表明：在特定球磨参数下球磨100h以上可以产生非晶,而且通过放电等离子烧结可以得到非晶／纳米晶块体材料,然而这种材料的相对密度较低。通过热压烧结可制备抗压强度为650MPa的Al86Ni7Y4．5Co1La1.5纳米块体材料。     

挤压成形制备多孔氮化硅陶瓷

以甲基纤维素作粘结剂配制氮化硅泥料,利用柱塞式挤压模具通过挤压成形法制备多孔氮化硅陶瓷.研究了挤压、干燥、排胶、烧结等各个工艺阶段坯体的开气孔率、体积密度、弯曲强度、显微结构及相转变等的变化规律.结果表明:挤压成形是制备多孔氮化硅陶瓷的一种有效而实用的方法.最后利用蜂窝陶瓷模具,首次成功挤出具有广泛应用前景的氮化硅蜂窝陶瓷.在未来的汽车尾气处理领域,有望取代当前广泛使用的堇青石材质蜂窝陶瓷.     

SnO_2颗粒大小对Ag/SnO_2(10)材料组织与性能的影响

采用机械混粉、冷等静压成形、烧结、热挤压、轧制、拉拔、中间热处理等工艺集成的粉末冶金方法制备了3种含有不同平均粒径的SnO_2的Ag/SnO_2(10),探讨了SnO_2颗粒大小对Ag/SnO2(10)显微组织、密度、力学性能和电学性能的影响。结果表明,SnO_2粉末越细,表面活性越高,越容易团聚。脆性相SnO_2在加工过程中有破碎现象。随着SnO_2颗粒尺寸的减少,材料的密度、抗拉强度、硬度和电阻率逐渐上升。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ31B magnesium alloy prepared by solid-state recycling process from chips

AZ31B magnesium alloy chips were recycled by three solid-state recycling processes including cold-pressing, hot-pressing followed by hot extrusion and double extrusion. Microstructure and mechanical properties of the recycled specimens and reference specimens were compared. For the recycled specimen by cold-pressing, the grains are refined to a large extent during hot extrusion due to the presence of twins and high density dislocation. The recycled specimens by hot-pressing and double extrusion do not exhibit finer grain than that the recycled specimen by cold-pressing. Consequently, higher ultimate tensile strength of the recycled specimen by hot-pressing and double extrusion is not achieved. For hot pressing process, more compact billet lowers the porosity in recycled material, so elongation to failure of the recycled specimen increases. The recycled specimen fabricated by double extrusion process shows slightly higher elongation than the reference specimen. The second extrusion makes the oxides further crush and distribute more dispersedly, and minimizes porosity, which is responsible for the improved ductility.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of equimolar FeCoCrNi high entropy alloy prepared via powder extrusion

An equiatomic FeCoCrNi high alloy (HEA) with both high tensile strength and ductility was produced by a powder metallurgy (P/M) method. The P/M process includes a gas atomization and a hot extrusion of pre-alloyed HEA powder. Microstructures and mechanical properties were characterized using optical microscopy (OP), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD), and tensile tests. The results show that the P/M FeCoCrNi HEA has a single face centered cubic (fcc) structure and an equiaxed microstructure. No obvious porosity and brittle intermetallic phase was found. The as-extruded alloy exhibits a very high tensile strength of 712.5 MPa, and still maintains an elongation as high as 56%. The improvement of the tensile properties is caused by the solid solution strengthening, grain boundary strengthening and homogenous microstructure. Therefore, the powder hot extrusion can be considered as a promising way for preparing large-sized HEAs with high mechanical properties.     

A Comparison Between ECAP and Conventional Extrusion for Consolidation of Aluminum Metal Matrix Composite

In this study, two powder consolidation techniques, equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) and extrusion, were utilized to consolidate attritioned aluminum powder and Al-5?vol.% nano-Al₂O₃ composite powder. The effect of ECAP and extrusion on consolidation behavior of composite powder and mechanical properties of subsequent compacts are presented. It is found that three passes of ECAP in tube at 200?°C is capable of consolidating the composite to 99.29% of its theoretical density whereas after hot extrusion of the composite the density reached to 98.5% of its theoretical density. Moreover, extrusion needs higher temperature and pressing load in comparison to the ECAP method. Hardness measurements show 1.7 and 1.2 times higher microhardness for the consolidated composite and pure aluminum after ECAP comparing with the extruded ones, respectively. Microstructural investigations and compression tests demonstrate stronger bonds between the particles after three passes of ECAP than the extrusion. Furthermore, the samples after three passes of ECAP show better wear resistance than the extruded ones.     

Thermal Conductivity and Tensile Properties of Carbon Nanofiber-Reinforced Aluminum-Matrix Composites Fabricated via Powder Metallurgy: Effects of Ball Milling and Extrusion Conditions on Microstructures and Resultant Composite Properties

Carbon nanofiber(CNF)-reinforced aluminum-matrix composites were fabricated via ball milling and spark plasma sintering(SPS), SPS followed by hot extrusion and powder extrusion. Two mixing conditions of CNF and aluminum powder were adopted: milling at 90 rpm and milling at 200 rpm. After milling at 90 rpm, the mixed powder was sintered using SPS at 560 °C. The composite was then extruded at 500 °C at an extrusion ratio of 9. Composites were also fabricated via powder extrusion of powder milled at 200 rpm and 550 °C with an extrusion ratio of 9(R9) or 16(R16). The thermal conductivity and tensile properties of the resultant composites were evaluated. Anisotropic thermal conductivity was observed even in the sintered products. The anisotropy could be controlled via hot extrusion. The thermal conductivity of composites fabricated via powder extrusion was higher than those fabricated using other methods. However, in the case of specimens with a CNF volume fraction of 4.0%, the thermal conductivity of the composite fabricated via SPS and hot extrusion was the highest. The highest thermal conductivity of 4.0% CNF-reinforced composite is attributable to networking and percolation of CNFs. The effect of the fabrication route on the tensile strength and ductility was also investigated. Tensile strengths of the R9 composites were the highest. By contrast, the R16 composites prepared under long heating duration exhibited high ductility at CNF volume fractions of 2.0% and 5.0%. The microstructures of composites and fracture surfaces were observed in detail, and fracture process was elucidated. The results revealed that controlling the heating and plastic deformation during extrusion will yield strong and ductile composites.