碳纤维的化学镀镍

提出一种碳纤维的化学镀镍技术,研究了镀层的形成过程和显微组织。结果表明:用化学镀技术在碳纤维表面镀镍是成功的,镀层均匀连续。当镀层厚度小于0.3μm时,在碳纤维表面呈不连续分布的镍膜,大于0.8μm时,在连续分布的镀层上镍以枝晶状沉积出现。应用镀镍碳纤维制造的铝基复合材料,没有观测到明显的界面反应。     

十二烷基硫酸钠对碳纤维表面镍镀层电沉积行为的影响研究

目的 研究十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)对碳纤维表面镍镀层电沉积行为及镀层质量的影响.方法 用线性伏安法测定不同质量浓度的SDS镀液电沉积镍的析出电位,用扫描电镜分析镍镀层表面形貌及镍在电沉积初期的微观状态.结果 未加入SDS的溶液中,镍的析出电位为-0.829 V;在0.1~0.5 g/L SDS的镀液中,镍的析出电位为-0.792~-0.745 V;当SDS质量浓度为0.3 g/L时,镍的析出电位最大为-0.745 V.结论 镀液中添加少量SDS时有利于提高镍的析出电位,有利于镍在碳纤维表面形核析出,镍镀层表面均匀致密,由细小的角锥状结构构成;过量的SDS会影响碳纤维表面吸附-脱吸附的平衡,碳纤维表面存在未脱吸附的SDS微区,镍在此区域的形核析出受到影响,镍镀层表面质量较差,由不均匀分布的角锥状结构和垂直于基底的片层结构构成.在实验溶液体系中SDS最优添加量为0.3 g/L.     

碳纤维表面复合镀镍研究

采用电镀法在碳纤维表面沉积一层纯Ni镀层,然后将纤维剪短,采用化学镀法使短纤维表面以及两端包覆一层Ni-P合金镀层,并使纤维表面金属层加厚,来满足保护纤维的需要.通过不同正交体系研究碳纤维增重率,得到了优化的镀镍工艺.观察了镀层的表面形貌,测试了镀层的结合力,并对镀层的成分进行了分析.结果表明,纤维表面镀层均匀、致密、表面光亮和结合力强;电镀获得了纯Ni镀层,而复合镀获得了Ni-P合金镀层.     

纤维表面状态对Cf/Si-O-C复合材料结构与性能的影响

以聚硅氧烷为先驱体,采用浸渍裂解工艺制备出3D Cf/Si-O-C陶瓷基复合材料,研究了碳纤维表面状态对材料结构与性能的影响.本研究以热处理的方式改变纤维表面状态,并利用XPS对热处理前后纤维表面状态进行了表征.结果表明热处理能够降低纤维表面活性;纤维表面活性降低实现了复合材料中纤维-基体界面的弱化,减小了碳纤维在材料制备过程中的损伤;由低表面活性纤维制备的Cf/Si-O-C复合材料性能优异,弯曲强度和断裂韧性分别达到534MPa,23.4 MPa·m1/2,是由高表面活性纤维所得复合材料的6倍和10倍.     

碳纤维表面镀铜SEM表征及XPS分析

采用电镀法制备了镀铜短碳纤维,借助扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对镀层微观形貌以及镀层厚度进行了微观表征,并利用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析技术对镀层的化学成分和镀层中主要元素化合价态进行了分析?结果表明:经过预处理的碳纤维表面变得粗糙,有很多亲水性含氧官能团;电镀电压2 V,电镀时间20 min,电镀温度30 ℃时,可获厚度约1.2 μm?短碳纤维端头被镀层紧紧包裹的均匀电镀层;镀层中间大部分铜以单质形式存在,表面镀铜层被氧化成氧化铜,镀层仿形生成,与碳纤维形成一个紧密的镶嵌体系?     

激光重熔镍镀层复合工艺制备铜合金表面涂层

在铜合金表面先预置镍镀层再激光重熔以获得界面冶金结合可靠的新涂层. 通过优化工艺参数,并利用多种分析手段研究了涂层的组织、界面结构和显微硬度. 结果表明,室温下采用4 200 W半导体激光重熔0.4 mm厚镍镀层可获得无缺陷且界面冶金结合可靠的激光熔覆涂层;所获新涂层组织均匀致密,物相由重熔前的γ-Ni镀层转变为重熔后的(Ni,Cu)固溶体;涂层硬度约为135 HV0.05,稍高于CuCrZr基体硬度. 镍镀层的预置和半导体激光的应用提高了铜基表面激光能量的吸收率;新涂层与铜基体间组织成分及硬度匹配保证了良好的界面相容性和可靠的界面结合.     

碳纤维表面电镀铜层微观形貌表征及分析

采用电镀法制备了镀铜短碳纤维,借助扫描电镜(SEM)对镀层微观形貌以及镀层厚度进行了微观表征,并利用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析技术对镀层的化学成分和镀层中主要元素化合价态进行了分析。结果表明:经过预处理的碳纤维表面变得粗糙,有很多亲水性含氧官能团;电镀电压2 V,电镀时间20 min,电镀温度30℃时,可获厚度约1.2μm、短碳纤维端头被镀层紧紧包裹的均匀电镀层;镀层中间大部分铜以单质形式存在,表面镀铜层被氧化成氧化铜,镀层仿形生成,与碳纤维形成一个紧密的镶嵌体系。     

连续Cf/Al复合材料板双辊铸轧制备及力学性能研究

本文利用电镀工艺制备了表面镀镍碳纤维,通过双辊铸轧短流程成型工艺成功制备了连续碳纤维增强铝基（Cf/Al）复合材料板,研究了浇注温度对铸轧复合材料板的微观组织、界面特征、断口形貌和力学性能的影响。结果表明,浇注温度为963～983K,轧制速度为2.7m/min,辊缝为2.0mm的条件下可制备出表面平整、无明显表面缺陷的Cf/Al铸轧复合材料板;其中,浇注温度为973K时,碳纤维与铝基体之间界面结合良好;纤维表面金属镍层明显改善了碳纤维与铝基体之间的浸润性,镍镀层还有效抑制了Al4C3脆性相的产生,使Cf/Al复合材料板力学性能大幅提升,其中浇注温度973K铸轧的Cf/Al复合材料板抗拉强度比初始的38.2MPa提高了87.4%。     

热处理对镀层碳纤维的界面结合特征及碳纤维结构的影响

采用化学镀工艺分别在碳纤维表面施加Ni层、Cu层以及Cu/Ni双层镀层,并对不同镀层的碳纤维进行750℃真空热处理。利用SEM、EDS和XRD对热处理前后镀层形貌、成分、物相以及碳纤维微观结构进行分析。结果表明:热处理前后,镀Cu碳纤维界面结合方式始终为机械结合,镀Ni碳纤维和Cu/Ni双镀层碳纤维界面由机械结合转变为扩散结合;热处理对镀Cu碳纤维结构无影响,而镀Ni和Cu/Ni双镀层碳纤维结构发生了石墨化转变,Ni是造成碳纤维石墨化的主要因素,Cu的存在可以有效的降低Ni对碳纤维结构的改变,所以Cu/Ni双镀层碳纤维石墨化程度要低于镀Ni碳纤维,同时还保证了界面为扩散结合。     

碳纤维表面SiO2涂层的制备及其在镁基复合材料中的应用

利用Sol-Gel方法,通过优化溶胶的配置、纤维提拉过程和干燥烧结等工艺过程,在碳纤维表面制备出均匀的、无裂纹的SiO2涂层.采用SEM、XPS和TEM表征了碳纤维表面SiO2涂层的结构、形貌、元素分布以及涂层碳纤维/镁基体的界面结构.结果表明,涂覆SiO2的碳纤维,抗氧化能力提高,拉伸性能略有降低,但与镁基体复合后其拉伸强度降低了20%.SiO2涂层改善了Mg对碳纤维的润湿能力,有效地促进了熔融Mg液对碳纤维的浸渗.     

Effects of nickel coating thickness on electric properties of nickel/carbon hybrid fibers

In this work, nickel/carbon hybrid fibers were prepared by the electrolytic plating on carbon fibers in order to improve electric conductivity of the carbon fibers; the effects of nickel content and coating thickness on the electric conductivity of the fibers were studied. The structural properties and surface morphologies of the hybrid fibers were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The electric conductivity of the fibers was measured using a 4-point probe method. As for experimental results, it was observed that the electric conductivity of the nickel/carbon hybrid fibers was dramatically increased in the presence of metallic nickel particles, with the best result in the condition of over 0.75 μm of the thickness due to the minimization of the inner pores.     

Preparation and Characterization of Nickel-Coated Carbon Fibers by Electroplating

Electroplating technique was applied to coat carbon fibers with nickel. Before plating, the initial fibers were pretreated to improve the wettability in bath. The electroplating parameters were optimized to obtain high-quality nickel-coated carbon fibers, and the effects on plating were studied. The coated carbon fibers were characterized by SEM, XRD, and XPS. The coatings are uniform, smooth, bright, and adherent to carbon fibers not only along length but also along the diameter of the filaments, and mainly composed of pure nickel. Metal-carbon-oxygen bonds are present at the interface between nickel coatings and fibers, which provides the interfacial binding force. The results of performance tests showed that the nickel-coated fibers possess a good bonding strength not less than 78.5 kPa, and exhibit excellent oxidation resistance at high temperature. Compared with the initial fibers, the wettability with aluminum is also improved obviously.     

核壳结构镍碳纳米胶囊和碳纤维的制备

以脱油沥青（Deoiled Asphalt）为碳源、二茂铁为催化剂,采用化学气相沉积法（CVD）制备碳纤维（CFs）,其裂解后的残渣经真空热处理制得含镍碳纳米胶囊（CNCs）。用场发射扫描电镜（FESEM）、高分辨透射电镜（HRTEM）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）和拉曼光谱（Raman）对产物进行表征。结果表明：碳纤维纯度较高,属中空结构,直径主要分布在200～500 nm范围内;含镍碳纳米胶囊为准球形核壳结构,核为金属镍,壳为石墨化碳,大小在5～30 nm范围,晶化程度较高,结构较完善。     

Growth of carbon nanofiber coatings on nickel thin films on fused silica by catalytic thermal chemical vapor deposition: On the use of titanium, titanium-tungsten and tantalum as adhesion layers

Coatings of carbon nanofiber (CNF) layers were synthesized on fused silica substrates using a catalytic thermal chemical vapor deposition process (C-TCVD). The effects of various adhesion layers-titanium, titanium-tungsten and tantalum-under the nickel thin film on the attachment of carbon nanofibers and their morphological properties are presented. The diameter and the thicknesses of the CNF-coatings were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, whereas the microstructure and crystallinity of the synthesized carbon nanofibers were investigated by transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy, respectively. Specific surface areas of CNF-coatings were determined with nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm measurements.Using C-TCVD of ethylene at 700 °C (1 h), well-attached, entangled, quasi-crystalline platelet carbon nanofibers were synthesized with tip-type growth mode on 25 nm thick nickel films with an adhesion layer of 10 nm Ta or Ti-W. The thickness of CNF-coating was ~ 3.5 μm, and the diameter of the fibers depended on the composition of the metallic thin film stack: 20-50 nm for Ni/Ta and 80-125 nm for Ni/Ti-W. The ultimate goal is the integration of these CNF-coatings as catalyst support in microfluidic devices, for which it is important to control CNF-coating characteristics such as fiber diameter, layer thickness, specific surface area and adhesion to the surface.     

炭纤维增强镁基复合材料的制备

对炭纤维进行了表面化学镀镍处理并通过扫描电镜(SEM)评价了炭纤维化镀层。利用粉末冶金热挤压方法制备了短切炭纤维增强镁合金复合材料并通过超景深金相显微镜观察了纤维在复合材料中的分布。研究了材料中炭纤维含量为0～4%时对复合材料的影响。结果表明,镀镍炭纤维在复合体中均匀分散,炭纤维质量分数为4.0%的镁预制体采用压制压力为420MPa,烧结温度为550℃,保温0.5h后在480℃用280MPa的压力进行热挤压得到的复合材料力学性能较佳。     

工艺参数对连续碳纤维表面电磁搅拌化学镀镍的影响

目的解决连续碳纤维在镀覆过程中易出现黑心现象以及无法完全浸泡于镀液中的问题,制备镀层均匀的连续碳纤维镍镀层。方法引入外加电磁搅拌对连续碳纤维进行化学镀镍,研究了施镀时间、镀液温度、镀液pH值以及电磁搅拌转速对连续碳纤维表面微观形貌及镀层沉积速率的影响规律。结果当搅拌转速一定时,随着施镀时间、镀液温度、镀液pH值的不断增加,碳纤维表面镀层逐渐变得均匀完整,且镀层厚度逐渐增大。但当施镀时间超过20 min,镀液温度超过75℃,镀液pH值超过8时,镀层表面沉积了大量形状不一的胞状镍颗粒,形成粗糙的表面形貌。镀层的沉积速率随着镀液温度、镀液pH值的升高而增大。当搅拌转速由200 r/min增加到300 r/min时,镀层的沉积速率随着搅拌转速的增加而不断增大;当搅拌转速由300 r/min增加到400 r/min时,镀层的沉积速率随着搅拌转速的增加而不断减小。结论电磁搅拌辅助连续碳纤维化学镀镍的最佳施镀工艺参数为:施镀时间15~20 min,镀液温度75℃,镀液pH为8,搅拌转速200~250 r/min。采用此工艺参数能获得表面致密、均匀完整的镍镀层。     

Structure formation during processing short carbon fiber- reinforced aluminum alloy matrix composites

Nickel- and copper-coated, as well as uncoated, short carbon fibers were dispersed in melts of aluminum or aluminum alloys by stirring followed by solidification of composite melts. Microstructural examina-tion of cast composites indicated extensive damage to the surface of the carbon fibers when uncoated carbon fibers were introduced into the melt under the conditions of the present investigation. When nickel- or copper-coated carbon fibers were used to make composites under similar conditions, the fibers generally did not exhibit observable amounts of fiber surface degradation at the interface, except for small islands of an Al₄C₃ phase. When nickel-coated carbon fibers were used to make composites, the coating reacted with the melt, and NiAl₃ intermetallic phase particles were observed in the matrix away from the fibers, indicating a preference for nucleation of NiAl₃ away from the fiber surfaces. Under a transmission electron microscope (TEM), the NiAl₃ phase was not observed on the surface of carbon fi-bers, except in some regions where the NiAl₃ phase engulfed the carbon fibers during growth. When cop-per-coated carbon fibers were used to make composites, the coating reacted with the melt, and particles of CuAl₂ intermetallic compound were generally dispersed in the matrix away from the fibers, except for a few locations where the CuAl₂ phase was found at the interface under TEM observation. These micro-structures are discussed in terms of nucleation of primary α aluminum and NiAl₃ or CuAl₂ phases and the interaction between short carbon fibers and these phases during growth while the composite was so-lidifying. Additionally, the role of the reaction between nickel or copper coatings and the melt on struc-ture formation is discussed; some of the differences between the nickel and copper coatings are attributed to the fact that nickel dissolves with an exothermic reaction. The differences between solidification of short fiber composites and particle or fiber composite are also discussed.     

Alloying of Stacked Tin and Nickel Surface Films on Iron Substrate and Its Limitation

Stacked single layers of tin and nickel usually made by electrodeposition were prepared by a sputtering process in this study and the alloying behaviour through heating in an electric furnace was investigated by SEM-EDX and X-ray analysis. No remarkable chemical compounds between tin and nickel were produced. The substrate atoms diffused into both surface layers, and a compound or a solid solution was formed. The iron diffusion was driven by the strong affinity between tin and iron. The results suggest the following two basic rules: I. When tin is the underlayer in direct contact with the iron substrate, the alloying of stacked tin and nickel layers hardly occurs. 2. When the nickel underlayer was very thin (e g submicron thickness), the substrate iron atoms can penetrate into the top tin layer through the intermediate one, but there is little evidence for the alloying of tin and nickel.     

碳纤维表面生长纳米碳管及其增强的炭/炭复合材料

采用化学气相沉积工艺在碳纤维表面生长了纳米碳管,将此种碳纤维作为增强材料,以中间相沥青为基体炭前驱体采用浸渍炭化工艺制备了炭/炭复合材料.观察了所得复合材料断口的微观形貌,测试了抗弯强度及热物理性能.结果表明,碳纤维表面的纳米碳管可以有效地提高纤维与基体的粘结力,复合材料的抗弯性能提高了50%,而对复合材料的导热性能影响较小.     

Chemical and deformational interactions in solid solution of carbon in nickel

A first-principles stuy of ordering phenomena in hcp interstitial solid solutions of oxygen and nitrogen in Ti, Zr and Hf has demonstrated that the dominant contributions to the interaction energy of interstitial atoms are of chemical nature; thus, it is necessary to modify the previously established concepts about the priority role of deformational interactions in interstitial solutions. We have continued studies of the role of chemical and deformational interactions of interstitial atoms by the example of solid solutions of carbon in nickel. The results obtained also confirm a significant role of chemical interactions between carbon atoms in these solid solutions. The results were compared with the experimental data on the enthalpy of carbon dissolution in nickel and on the coefficient of solutal expansion of the lattice.