二元锰基复合金属氧化物锂离子电池负极材料的研究进展

在现有的各类锂离子电池(LIBs)负极材料中,二元锰基过渡金属氧化物材料(AMn_2O_4,A=Zn,Co,Ni等)已经被证明是较为理想的锂离子负极材料,以ZnMn_2O_4、CoMn_2O_4、NiMn_2O_4 3种负极材料为例,介绍了AMn_2O_4负极材料的储能机理、合成方法、以及结构-储锂性能之间构效关系,并提出了各材料目前存在的问题和相应的解决方案,以促进其在锂离子电池市场上的进一步推广和应用。     

碳源对Fe2O3储锂性能的影响

过渡金属氧化物具有高的理论比容量,作为锂离子电池负极材料具有潜在的应用前景.金属氧化物Fe2O3的理论容量高,成本低,然而其电子传导性较差.为加快Fe2O3的电子传导,以不同形式的碳为碳源,制备了 Fe2O3/碳复合材料,并研究了其电化学性能.结果表明:Fe2O3/碳纳米管(CNTs)复合材料中的碳含量最高,为20.4...     

SnO2/Ni复合锂离子电池负极材料的制备及其电化学性能

采用机械球磨法将纳米SnO2和Ni粉末复合,作为锂离子电池负极材料。采用XRD、SEM、TEM和EDS分析球磨过程中材料结构和形貌的变化。对SnO2/Ni复合负极材料的首次库仑效率、循环稳定性及CV曲线等进行测试分析。结果表明:将复合粉末球磨适当时间后,SnO2和Ni可形成结合充分、颗粒尺寸细小、分布均匀的复合材料;SnO2和Ni的复合可有效提高SnO2的首次库仑效率和循环稳定性;SnO2/Ni复合负极材料的循环稳定性随球磨时间的延长而增加,但电极的首次库仑效率随球磨时间的延长呈先增加后下降的趋势;Ni的引入有效减小了SnO2在首次充放电循环过程中生成Li2O的不可逆反应程度,并在随后的循环过程中部分以Li-O化合物的形式进行可逆反应。     

锂离子电池纳米Co3O4-PTFE复合负极材料的循环性能

采用在加温的水溶液中电沉积然后烧结方法制备锂离子电池的纳米Co3O4-PTFE复合负极材料.XRD分析表明,电沉积的物质在245℃真空热处理后转变为Co3O4-PTFE.SEM观察可以发现,Co3O4-PTFE中的Co3O4呈现蜂窝结构,其厚度为30～50nm;PTFE则形成交联的柱状体吸附在片状Co3O4两侧,其直径为50～100nm.这种纳米Co3O4-PTFE复合沉积层具有结构稳定、抗粉化的特点.充放电实验结果表明,Co3O4掺杂PTFE可明显提高负极材料的可逆比容量和循环性能,其首次放锂比容量为920.1mAh·g-1,20次循环后放锂比容量为685.6mAh·g-1;而没有掺杂PTFE的试样对应的数据分别为865.1mAh·g-1和180.4mAh·g-1.     

锂钛氧嵌锂负极材料的研究进展

目前锂离子电池主要受制于安全性能、大功率性能和制造成本,新型高性能锂钛氧基负极材料有望解决这些问题,在动力型和储能型锂离子电池中获得应用。本文对Li4Ti5O12、Li Ti2O4、Li2Ti3O7、Li2Ti6O13等系列锂钛氧嵌锂化合物的晶体结构、电化学性能、制备方法、化学改性、应用研究等方面的重要成果进行了较全面的阐述,并指出了未来研究发展方向。     

硅基锂离子电池负极材料研究进展

作为锂离子电池负极材料,硅基材料具有较高的理论比容量、适中的嵌/脱锂电位、与电解液反应活性低等特点,成为最有前景的锂离子电池负极材料之一。然而由于其巨大的体积效应和较低的导电性导致其商业化应用具有相当的挑战性。本文综述了近年来为改善硅基材料的缺点而做的一些研究,展望了硅基材料作为锂离子电池负极材料的发展趋势。     

Zn掺杂对LiNi_(1/3)Co_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)O_2结构与电化学性能的影响

用溶胶凝胶法制备了Li Ni1/3Co1/3-x Mn1/3Znx O2(x=0,1/24,2/24,4/24)锂离子电池正极材料。由X射线衍射和扫描电镜对其分析结果表明,Zn掺杂不改变Li Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2的α-Na Fe O2层状结构,当掺杂量达到4/24时,杂相产生。电化学研究表明,当Zn掺杂量为2/24时,Li Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2首次放电容量由未掺杂的169.2 m Ah·g-1降低为160.1m Ah·g-1,但循环性能明显提高,30次循环后的容量保持率由未掺杂的89.2%升至97%。并且在20、40、60和80 m A·g-1不同的电流密度下继续循环20次后,当再次恢复到20 m A·g-1的电流密度时,放电容量可恢复到150.3 m Ah·g-1。     

共沉积Co3O4-石墨负极材料及其在锂离子电池中的循环性能

在0.5 mol/L Co(NO3)2溶液中添加石墨粉,在铜箔集流体的表面电化学共沉积前驱体薄膜,然后在245℃真空热处理使之形成Co3O4-石墨粉复合负极材料.研究了共沉积Co3O4-石墨负极材料在锂离子电池中的循环性能.XRD分析和SEM观察表明,该电极材料结构由蜂窝状的Co3O4包覆石墨粉复合而成,Co3O4晶粒尺寸为0.7～2.2 nm.0.5C充放电倍率测试表明,在0.5 mol/L Co(NO3)2电解液中添加5%石墨粉形成的Co3O4-石墨复合材料负极的性能最好,该电极的初始充电比容量为872.7 mA·h/g,第20周循环的充电比容量为732.7mA·h/g,第50周循环的充电比容量为545.2 mA·h/g,比容量保持率分别为83.96%和62.47%;而纯Co3O4电极的初始充电比容量为665.3 mA·h/g,经过20次循环后充电比容量为407.9 mA·h/g,第50周循环的充电比容量为124.5mA·h/g,保持率仅分别为61.31%和18.31%.     

钛酸锂表面碳包覆改性研究进展

尖晶石结构的Li4Ti5O12由于电压平台平稳、循环寿命长、"零应变"和安全性高等优点,成为锂离子电池的热门负极材料。然而纯Li4Ti5O12本身为绝缘体,导电性很差,倍率性能不佳,这限制了它的实际应用。研究表明,对Li4Ti5O12表面进行碳包覆可以有效改善其电化学性能。结合最近国内外研究情况,综述了表面碳包覆对Li4Ti5O12负极材料改性的研究进展,分析了不同的碳包覆方法、碳层厚度、碳结构和碳含量对Li4Ti5O12/C复合材料电化学性能的影响,希望促进Li4Ti5O12/C复合电极材料在锂离子电池领域的应用。     

离子取代镍基铁氧体的性能及吸波涂层优化设计

在同等实验条件下,以镍铁氧体为基体,通过溶胶-凝胶法,制备二元镍基复合铁氧体Ni0.5A0.5Fe2O4(A=Zn,Co,Mn,Cu)。用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、振动样品磁强计和矢量网络分析仪对粉末的结构及电磁性能进行表征并对其吸波性能进行优化设计。结果表明:4种离子取代后均能形成在室温条件下具有超顺磁性的纯净镍基铁氧体粉末。离子取代使铁氧体样品的复介电常数实部ε′增大,虚部ε″在2~6 GHz和13~18 GHz变小,在6~13 GHz增大。Zn2+、Mn2+、Cu2+3种离子取代样品与未进行离子取代的NiFe2O4相比,其复磁导率实部μ′变化不大,而Co2+离子取代样品的μ′整体要大于其他几种离子取代样品及未取代样品的μ′;在2~11 GHz进行Zn2+、Co2+、Mn2+3种离子取代样品的虚部μ″变大,且以Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4的最大,Cu2+取代样品的虚部μ″与未取代样品的虚部μ″相比变化不大。利用传输线理论优化设计时发现,Co2+取代后的复合铁氧体没有匹配点,Zn2+取代后的复合铁氧体匹配效果最好,在最佳匹配厚度为5.63 mm时,其最小反射率峰值为-36.26 dB,小于-10 dB的频宽可达4.7 GHz。     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

INTRODUCTION TO PATENTS

The invention provides a method of making a mold which can reduce SOx generation rate while preventing decrease in hardening rate in the case of using sulfuric acid for a hardener composition. The method has a mixture step in which fire-resistant particles, a hardener composition and a binder composition are mixed to obtain a composition for a mold. The hardener composition contains sulfuric acid. In the mixture step, sodium carbonate is added. A molar ratio of the sulfuric acid to the sodium carbonate is 0.5 or more and 4.0 or less.     

China Foundry Week 2014

China Foundry Week, hosted by the Foundry Institution of Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society （FICMES） each year, is a large academic event in China. It is one of the ten high-impact activities sponsored by the Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society.     

17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering Call for papers

正1.Contents In order to promote the academic exchanges and technical communication of the research in the field of fluid power transmission and control,fluid control engineering specialized committee of the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics will hold the 17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering on July 27-29,2014 in Tibet,Lhasa city.     

Information for Contributors

正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis     

Preface

<正>We are pleased to present this Special Issue of Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China containing selected papers from the First Asian Conference on Aluminum Alloys(ACAA-2013),held in Beijing,China,13–17 October 2013.This conference has been initiated,with approval of     

Information for Contributors

The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China, is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology, including mineral processing, extraction metallurgy, metallic materials and heat treatments, metal working, physical metallurgy, powder metallurgy, with the emphasis on fundamental science. It is the unique preeminent publication in English for scientists, engineers, under/post-graduates on the field of nonferrous metals industry. This journal is covered by many famous abstract/index systems and databases such as SCI Expanded, Ei Compendex Plus, 1NSPEC, CA, METADEX, AJ and JICST.     

FORMULAS OF TENSION OF CONTINUOUS ROLLING PROCESS

The development of computer controlled continuous rolling process calls for a mathematical expression that can express the inequality condition of "constant flow". Tension is the link of the continuous rolling process. From the condition of dynamic equilibrium, a differential equation of tension is given out. On the basis of the physical rules established from the industrial practice and experimental studies, the law of volume constancy, the linear relation of forward slip and tension, the state equation of continuous rolling, the formula of dynamic tension, and the formula of static tension have been obtained. These formulae reflect the functional relations between tensions, thickness, roll velocity, and time in the continuous rolling process. It is implied that the continuous rolling process is a gradually steady, controllable, and measurable dynamic system. An assumption of predicting the thickness of a steel plate using these tension formulae is also put forward.     

Bulletin of the Awards in 2013

<正>Five reviewers and 9 published articles are selected as the Excellent Rewewerand Excellent Article in 2013 respectively.Excellent Reviewers:Prof.Z ongyi Ma(Institute of Metal Research,CAS,C hina);Prof.Y ongbo Xu(Institute of Metal Research,CAS,C hina);Prof.Guangping Zhang(Institute of Metal Research,C AS,C hina);Prof.Z hendui Cui(Tianjin University,China);