不同爆轰管温度下氢氧气相爆轰合成碳包铁纳米颗粒研究(英文)

以二茂铁为前驱体,氢氧混合气体为爆源,在爆轰管内对碳包覆铁纳米颗粒进行合成。研究了初始反应温度及热处理对产物粒子的影响。通过XRD、TEM及VSM对爆轰产物进行了检验。结果表明,碳包覆纳米颗粒呈球形或椭球形。随着反应温度的升高,碳包覆纳米铁的晶粒尺寸为30~50 nm并且趋于均匀化,说明初始反应温度的高低直接影响生成颗粒的大小。通过不同温度热处理后爆轰产物的磁滞回线分析,饱和磁化强度(M s)随着热处理温度的升高而降低,磁滞回线为比较"瘦"的形状,但仍然具有较高的磁矫顽力,表明合成的碳包覆纳米材料呈现出硬磁性和顺磁性双重性质。     

气相爆轰法合成超细碳包铁纳米颗粒

以气化五羰基铁为铁源,采用乙炔为可燃气氛,用气相爆轰法成功合成了超细碳包铁纳米颗粒。利用TEM和XRD对合成产物进行分析表明,爆轰产物是由碳壳层、α-Fe和γ-Fe组成的球状包覆型结构,产物分散性好,颗粒大小均匀、形态规则的球形超细纳米碳包铁颗粒,铁核的平均粒径为4.5 nm; Raman光谱分析也证实该纳米粒子表面由为石墨和无定型碳构成包覆。进一步将该纳米碳包铁颗粒在低真空温度673 K下进行热处理发现,铁核颗粒尺寸略有长大,XRD谱线上γ-Fe相消失,转化为α-Fe相,热处理后磁饱和强度提高1倍以上。     

爆轰法制备碳包覆铁镍合金纳米颗粒及其表征

对掺杂硝酸铁和硝酸镍复合炸药前驱体,采用爆轰法合成碳包覆铁镍合金纳米颗粒。通过XRD,TEM,XRF,VSM等方法对合成的碳包覆合金纳米颗粒的形貌特征、结构组成及磁性行为进行了分析表征。结果表明,通过有效调整前驱体中金属源材料比例和碳材料组成,可爆轰合成较为完美的核壳结构碳包覆铁镍纳米颗粒,所得球形的纳米颗粒尺寸主要分布在10～60nm范围内且分散性较好,组成核主要由不同比例的铁镍元素构成,外壳层主要由石墨碳构成;由室温下磁性分析可知,该纳米颗粒表现出良好的超顺磁性。     

纳米碳/碳包铁材料合成及气相爆轰数值分析

本文从理论上分析了气相爆轰反应中爆轰产物组分与形成稳定爆轰的条件。通过以氧气与苯、氧气与溶有二茂铁的苯为原料,用气相爆轰形式制备了碳纳米材料与碳包铁纳米颗粒。爆炸产物经XRD与TEM表征发现,碳纳米材料呈球或准球状,颗粒尺寸在10~30nm,分散性较差。团簇区主要以无定型碳为主,分散区有少量洋葱状富勒烯。游离态碳与铁物质的量比影响碳包铁的形貌结构,其比值在10~28时,碳包铁纳米颗粒呈球状,核壳结构明显,分散性较好;大于50时,其形貌结构发生变化,部分碳以片状结构存在。     

多相爆轰管的优化设计及其制备纳米氧化钛材料的探索研究

以三种前驱气体(CH4-2O2、H2-0.5O2、C2H2-2.5O2)进行爆轰试验,研究了初始压力对爆轰参数的影响及规律,以测得的预混气爆轰压力、速度、胞格等性能参数表征了预混气爆轰特性。以测得的爆轰参数为依据自主设计了长度2m、内径80mm、壁厚8mm、点火能量为40J的爆轰管道。在自主设计的爆轰管道内采用氢气、氧气和四氯化钛为混合前驱体,通过气液爆轰法合成了纳米二氧化钛,采用TEM对产物进行了表征,结果表明获得的纳米二氧化钛其球形或者类球形颗粒大约为20-150nm。     

初始压力对气相爆轰合成纳米二氧化钛纳米颗粒的影响

介绍了利用氢氧混合气体、四氯化钛组成的多元气相系统,爆轰制备纳米二氧化钛粉体的方法。利用XRD分析证明产物为二氧化钛混晶(金红石相和锐钛矿相),晶粒尺度为纳米级。通过XRD、TEM分析可以得出,粒子形状不规则,粒度为20~100nm。研究发现,随着初始压力的增大,金红石相含量增加,纳米颗粒的平均粒度增大,其原因是反应放热的增加和湍流的加强。最后初步探讨了气相爆轰合成纳米二氧化钛粉末的生成机制。     

气液爆轰控制合成多晶纳米二氧化钛

以氢气、氧气和四氯化钛为混合前驱体,通过气液爆轰法合成了多晶纳米二氧化钛.研究了不同摩尔比例的前驱体和初始反应压力对纳米二氧化钛晶相结构的影响.采用X射线衍射及透射电子显微镜对产物的纳米结构、成分、颗粒大小和形态进行了表征.结果 表明:获得的二氧化钛存在纯净的锐钛矿相、纯净的金红石相和混合相,其中混合相的球形或者类球形...     

气相爆轰法制备球形铜纳米粒子及其形成机理

本文以氢氧混合气体为爆炸源,乙酰丙酮铜(II)为前驱体,采用操作简单、高效的气相爆轰方式合成了类球形的铜纳米晶颗粒。进一步采用XRD、TEM、SAED和EDX对所获得产物的形貌特征、物相组成和微观结构进行了表征和分析。同时为了预测气相爆轰流场中铜纳米颗粒的生长特性,将Kruis模型引入气体爆轰反应程序中。研究结果表明：实验合成的类球型FCC结构纳米铜晶体分散性良好,平均粒径在24 nm左右且纳米铜晶体外包覆了1nm左右的较薄石墨层。基于Kruis模型对球形铜纳米粒子的生长特性预测结果与实验数据吻合较好,为可控合成铜纳米粒子提供了可靠的理论指导。     

炸药爆轰合成石墨包覆金属纳米颗粒及其摩擦学性能

以铁/钴/镍硝酸盐为金属源,与无水乙醇、尿素、黑索今（RDX）混合制得复合炸药,采用爆轰的方式制备出石墨包覆金属铁、钴、镍(Fe@G,Co@G,Ni@G)纳米颗粒并利用XRD,TEM-EDX,XRF的方法对合成产物组成、形貌和显微结构进行分析;同时将石墨包覆金属纳米颗粒按照一定比例（0%、0.2wt%、0.4wt%、0.6wt%和0.8wt%）分别与基础油(SN150)配制成五种混合润滑油,并采用四球磨擦实验研究其摩擦学性能。结果表明爆轰所得产物为核壳结构,直径在10~50nm左右,核心为单质金属,包覆层主要由石墨构成,厚度大约在3~8nm左右;添加了石墨包覆金属颗粒的润滑油摩擦性能有明显变化,摩擦系数和磨痕直径随着石墨包覆金属的含量呈现先减小后增大的趋势;三种石墨包覆金属中,Ni@G作为润滑油添加剂的摩擦学性能最好。     

含金属铜离子炸药爆轰合成石墨包覆铜纳米颗粒

主要采用硝酸铜、柠檬酸、油酸和RDX成功制作了含有铜离子的溶胶凝胶前驱体炸药,并在密闭容器中氩气保护下炸药爆轰合成了球形、颗粒尺寸均匀、核壳结构的石墨包覆铜纳米颗粒(Cu-Gs)。采用XRD、TEM、Raman等表征了爆轰产物的结构组成、形貌特征及包覆层构成。通过优化设计调整前驱体炸药的元素摩尔组成、密度及氧平衡,从而来寻求控制合成Cu-Gs的途径。最后简要讨论了Cu-Gs的生长机理。     

Detonation Synthesis of SnO2 Nanoparticles in Gas Phase

以 SnCl4为前驱体、以氧气和氢气的混合气体为爆源,通过气相爆轰制备纳米二氧化锡粉末。并通过 XRD 和 TEM 等测量手段对纳米 SnO2进行表征及分析,发现所制备的纳米 SnO2颗粒形状呈球形,粒径在 1~10 nm 之间。由此可以得出结论:气相爆轰可以设计合成独特的纳米 SnO2。     

Carbon films containing transition metal particles of nano and submicron sizes

Aromatic polyimide films containing cobalt compounds were prepared by mixing Co(NO₃)₂ and CoCl₂ with a polyamic acid in solution and following imidization on glass plates. The effect of heat treatment on structure, texture and magnetic property of the films was investigated, and the formation process of ferromagnetic particles of nano and submicron sizes in the films was examined. As the particle sizes increased with increasing heat treatment temperature (HTT), the magnetic property changed from superparamagnetic to ferromagnetic, and the ferromagnetic particles of single magnetic domain transferred to those with multi-magnetic domain by further heat treatment. The distribution of metal particle size became very wide by the heat treatment. Pores were found on the surfaces of the heat-treated films, and pore sizes were very similar to those for the metal particles, suggesting that pores were paths of the particle movements. These results were compared with those obtained previously for the polyimide films containing nickel and iron compounds. Different metal compounds introduced in polyimide films gave different processes of the formation and growth of metal particles and pores as HTT increased.     

爆炸焊接与表面工程

讨论了爆炸焊接、爆炸复合材料与表面工程的关系。阐述了表面爆炸复合技术的特点，指出在充分利用和发挥金属的化学性能、物理性能和力学性能方面，爆炸焊接有广阔的应用前景。     

Magnetic Properties and Phase Composition of Metamaterials Based on an Opal Matrix with 3<Emphasis Type="Italic">d</Emphasis>-Transition Metal Particles

The magnetic properties of metamaterials based on an opal matrix with transition-metal (iron, nickel, cobalt) particles have been studied. Magnetization curves and magnetic hysteresis loops have been measured and the dependences of real and imaginary parts of magnetization have been determined using the dynamic ac susceptibility measuring procedure. Structural studies of metamaterials have been performed. The saturation magnetization and coercive force of the studied metamaterials have been found to depend weakly on the temperature. The temperature dependence of magnetic susceptibility at a temperature above 30 K can be described adequately by Curie–Weiss law and, at lower temperature, deviates from the law.     

Investigation of the physical properties of iron nanoparticles in the course of the melting and solidification

The processes of iron-nanoparticles melting and iron-nanodroes solidification have been studied under different thermal actions. The determined values of the phase-transition temperatures for particles with radii of 1.5–4 nm agree with the data calculated by other authors. In the course of calculating the solidification of iron nanoparticles, the dependence of the solidification temperature on the rate of heat removal has been found and the hysteresis of the phase transition has been demonstrated. Based on the determined caloric curves, the heat capacity of the particles has been found and their approximation in the form of dependences on temperature and particle size has been suggested.     

炸药爆轰法制备纳米石墨粉

介绍了1种新的制备纳水石墨粉的方法——炸药爆轰法。对合成的粉末进行X射线衍射相分析，确认其为石墨结构，平均晶粒径为1．86nm～2.58nm。用透射电子显微镜和激光拉曼仪作进一步的分析，结果表明炸药爆轰法制备的粉末为纳米石墨粉，颗粒呈球形或椭球形。用小角X光散射仪对纳米石墨粉进行了粒度分布测量，粒径分布在1nm～60nm之间，属于纳米级。