磁控溅射法制备的羟基磷灰石—氧化锆涂层的力学性能(英文)

采用磁控溅射法在Ti6Al4V钛合金基体上制备羟基磷灰石(HA)-氧化锆(ZrO2)复合涂层,通过SEM、EDS、XRD和划痕法对50HA-50ZrO2和75HA-25ZrO2(质量分数,%)涂层进行表征,分析HA含量对涂层残余应力的影响。实验结果表明,HA-ZrO2复合涂层的物相为HA、ZrO2和Y2O3,在复合过程中HA部分发生分解,产生TCP和CaO等杂质相;涂层表面呈多孔状,有利于类骨组织的生长,50HA-50ZrO2和75HA-25ZrO2深层的表面粗糙度分别为1.61μm和2.92μm;涂层结合界面为机械结合方式,划痕法测量的50HA-50ZrO2和75HA-25ZrO2深层界面结合强度分别为30N和17.5N,随着HA含量的增加,涂层结合强度呈现下降的趋势;50HA-50ZrO2和75HA-25ZrO2涂层的残余应力分别为(-399.1±3)MPa和(-343.2±20.3)MPa,适当增加HA可以减小涂层的残余应力。     

微波诱导羟基磷灰石 / 钛合金界面反应的研究

为改善钛合金和HA涂层的界面相容性,采用电泳法在钛合金表面预先沉积均匀的HA涂层,再于1200℃下进行微波处理。通过对涂层相结构的分析,证明在微波诱导作用下,形成了梯度结构的涂层。梯度过渡层由TiO2和TiO组成的致密氧化层、CaTiO3和微量HA组成,能够缓解HA涂层与钛合金热膨胀系数不匹配的问题,减少涂层开裂,提高涂层与基体的结合强度。     

微束等离子喷涂氧化锆增韧羟基磷灰石复合涂层

采用微束等离子喷涂方法,在Ti-6Al-4V基体上制备了羟基磷灰石 氧化锆(70HA-30ZrO2,质量分数,%)复合涂层.将复合涂层置于模拟体液中分别浸泡了3,7,14,28 d并观察表面磷灰石的生长情况以评价涂层生物活性.采用扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)分析技术对涂层浸泡前后的表面形貌和相组成进行了研究.结果表明,涂层中ZrO2主要以立方相存在;喷涂过程中羟基磷灰石(HA)出现了一定的分解,产生大量的α-Ca3(PO4)2杂质相.HA涂层熔化效果很好,但涂层中有未熔化的ZrO2颗粒.涂层在模拟体液中浸泡28 d后表面可以形成磷灰石,说明涂层具有很好的生物活性.     

激光熔覆钛基生物陶瓷涂层的制备及其界面研究

利用高功率CO_2激光器在Ti-6Al-4V合金表面制备含有生物活性陶瓷相的梯度生物陶瓷涂层.利用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和电子探针(EPMA)等对熔覆层和界面的显微组织、相组成及成分进行分析.结果表明:激光熔覆复合涂层中生成了羟基磷灰石和磷酸三钙等生物活性相,凹凸不平的表面出现网络交错的片状结构和微孔(孔径为0.5～2μm),有利于新骨沿着表面及内部连通微孔攀附生长.涂层与基体界面处存在涂层成分(Ca,P)与基体成分(Ti,Al,V)的互扩散,涂层与基体通过扩散反应形成牢固的冶金结合.残余应力在界面结合区域出现峰值,陶瓷层和过渡层界面附近为221 MPa,涂层与基体界面附近为108 MPa,从涂层到基体残余应力逐渐减小.     

水热电化学法制备HA／ZrO2复合涂层

采用水热电化学法成功制备了HA/ZrO2复合涂层,对涂层的组分结构、表面形貌、热稳定性进行了研究,并探讨了ZrO2的复合对涂层结合强度和生物活性的影响.结果表明当温度小于200℃时,得到缺钙磷灰石Ca10-x(HPO4)x(PO4)6-x(OH)2-x(calcium deficient hydroxyapatite,简称CDHA,0≤x≤1)和ZrO2的复合涂层,温度在200℃时,得到HA/ZrO2复合涂层;经焙烧处理后,涂层中四方晶相ZrO2(t-ZrO2)与单斜晶相ZrO2(m-ZrO2)之间发生马氏体相变;800℃焙烧后,HA部分分解为β-Ca3(PO4)2(β-TCP);当涂层中ZrO2小于35.22%(质量分数,下同)时,HA/ZrO2复合涂层的结合强度明显高于纯HA涂层;复合涂层在模拟体液中浸泡7 d后,表面即形成一层碳磷灰石层,ZrO2的复合没有降低涂层的生物活性.     

羟基磷灰石生物涂层材料界面的电镜观察与分析

用扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜对未经热处理的钛合金基体等离子喷涂羟基磷灰石生物材料的显微结构、相组成和界面结合进行了观察与分析. 结果表明 HA涂层的显微结构疏松, 内部有裂纹和孔洞; 涂层的相结构中, HA以结晶态和非晶态两种形态存在; HA和基体的界面结合是以物理结合为主, 界面明显, 没有过渡相, 说明基体和涂层之间化学反应不明显.     

热喷涂NiCr／纳米（ZrO2＋8％Y2O3）梯度涂层的性能研究

针对陶瓷涂层与基体结合强度低、易产生裂纹和剥落的现象,进行了抗高温氧化耐磨损梯度涂层的设计.采用热喷涂技术在45钢基体表面制备由面层[纳米(ZrO2 8%Y2O3)]和中间层(NiCr)组成的梯度涂层,利用扫描电镜(SEM)、测定结合强度、测定显微硬度、X射线衍射等方法研究涂层的性能.结果表明:NiCr/纳米(ZrO2 8%Y2O3)梯度涂层显微组织结构致密,与NiCr合金涂层和纳米(ZrO2 8%Y2O3)陶瓷涂层相比,具有更优良的力学性能;梯度涂层的面层有利于提高基体的耐高温、耐磨损性能,而中间层则有利于改善基体的抗高温氧化性能.     

等离子喷涂生物活性涂层的梯度结构表征

采用自动控制的等离子喷涂系统,在钛合金基体上制备出生物活性梯度涂层,利用纳米硬度计、扫描电镜等对生物活性涂层的梯度结构进行分析.实验结果表明:金属基体与陶瓷界面区域的弹性模量和硬度呈梯度变化;生物活性功能涂层表面分布着不同尺寸范围的孔洞,具有典型的多孔结构特征,整个涂层沿垂直基体方向从底层致密结构向表面层多孔结构过渡;涂层成分底层生物稳定性至表面层生物活性呈梯度变化,涂层表面成分为生物活性的羟基磷灰石.涂层的这种结构特征有利于改善生物活性涂层的综合性能,提高涂层与基体的结合强度,根据ASTM C633-79测试生物活性涂层与基体的结合强度,结合强度达到48.6 MPa.     

亚音速火焰喷涂HA/BG仿生生物涂层

为提高HA涂层结合强度,避免涂层在使用过程中开裂及溶解脱落等问题,采用亚音速火焰喷涂方法及涂层晶化处理,以Ti6Al4V为基体,引入热膨胀系数与基体相近的Ti/G过渡层缓解应力,工作层以HA为主,辅以生物活性玻璃(BG),喷涂制备HA/BG仿生生物涂层.通过调整BG含量,观测涂层形貌、相组成及结构的变化,进而分析HA/BG仿生生物涂层作为骨组织替代材料的适用性.结果表明:亚音速火焰喷涂HA/BG仿生生物涂层具有典型的热喷涂涂层形貌特征,与基体结合较好,没有明显的开裂脱落现象,涂层经700℃晶化处理后析出纳米和微米级HA,可增加与宿主骨组织接触面积,加快其反应,增加生物活性.添加BG后,涂层中有新相Na2Ca(PO4)F析出;当改变BG含量后,可改变HA、Na2 Ca (PO4)F晶相的含量,进而来调控涂层的溶解性和稳定性.     

钛基羟基磷灰石涂层的界面结构及梯度设计

羟基磷灰石是最有发展前途的生物硬组织替代材料之一,临床上采用在钛合金上涂覆HA生物活性涂层,涂基结合及涂基界面的整合是决定HA涂层性能和可靠性的关键因素.评述了钛基羟基磷灰石涂层的界面微观结构,指出界面上存在纳米氧化物薄膜是提高涂层结合强度的关键,并结合纳米多层薄膜和功能梯度膜的优点,提出改善涂基结合强度,发挥羟基磷灰石生物活性涂层的三明治式的梯度设计.     

Rheology Feature of Simple Metal Melt

The rheology feature of Sb, Bi melt and alloys was studied using coaxial cylinder high-temperature viscometer. The results showed that the curve of torsion-rotational speed for Sb melt presents a linear relation in all measured temperature ranges, whereas for the Bi melt, the curve presents obvious non-Newtonian feature within the low temperature range and at relative high shear stress. The rheology feature of Sb80Bi20 and Sb20Bi80 alloy melts was well correlated with that of Sb and Bi, respectively. It is considered that the rheology behavior of Sb melt plays a crucial role in Sb80Bi20 alloy and that of Bi melt plays a crucial role in Sb20Bi80 alloy.     

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of a Newly Developed Austenitic Heat Resistant Steel

The effect of heat treatment on the microstructures and mechanical properties of a newly developed austenitic heat resistant steel(named as T8 alloy) for ultra-supercritical applications have been studied. Results show that the main phases in the alloy after solution treatment are γ and primary MX. Subsequent aging treatment causes the precipitation of M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries and a small number of nanoscale MX inside the grains. In addition, with increasing the aging temperature and time, the morphology of M_(23)C_6 carbides changes from semi-continuous chain to continuous network.Compared with a commercial HR3C alloy, T8 alloy has comparable tensile strength, but higher stress rupture strength. The dominant cracking mechanism of the alloy during tensile test at room temperature is transgranular, while at high temperature, intergranular cracking becomes the main cracking mode, which may be caused by the precipitation of continuous M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries. Typical intergranular cracking is the dominant cracking mode of the alloy at all stress rupture tests.     

The 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014held in Qingdao China

Organized by Suppliers China Co., Ltd and co-organized by the National Technical Committee 54 on Foundry of Standardization Administration of China, the 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014 （hereinafter referred to as FSC 2014） was successfully held on Sep. 23rd in Grand Regency Hotel, Qingdao. More than 500 delegates from home and abroad attended this conference, including over 130 purchasers from 20 countries and 380 domestic and foreign suppliers.     

Secondary Recrystallization Behaviors of Grain-Oriented 6.5 wt% Silicon Steel Sheets Produced by Rolling and Nitriding Processes

By rolling and nitriding processes, 0.23- to 0.3-mm-thick grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel sheets were produced. The core losses of grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel at frequencies ranging from 400 Hz to 20 k Hz were lower than that of the grain-oriented 3 wt% silicon steel with the same thickness by 16.6–35.8%. The secondary recrystallization behavior was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and electron backscattered diffraction. The results show that the secondary recrystallization in high-silicon steel sheets develops more completely as the nitrogen content increases after nitriding, secondary recrystallized grain sizes become larger, and the sharpness of Goss texture increases. Because more {110}116 grains in the subsurface and the central layer of the sheets have a lot of 20°–45° high-energy boundaries in addition to Goss grains, {110}116 can be the main component through selective growth during secondary recrystallization when the inhibitor quantity is not enough and inhibitor intensity is weaker. The increases in nitrogen content can increase the inhibitor intensity and hinder abnormal growth of a mount of {110}116 grains and therefore enhance the sharpness of Goss texture.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

Laser Cladded TiCN Coatings on the Surface of Titanium

Laser cladded coatings of TiCN were produced on the surface of titanium. To obtain the optimal techniques, several conditions were tested by varying the laser scanning rate. The choice of shielding gas was also studied. The cladded coatings were then evaluated from the surface mechanics point of view based on their microhardness. The microstructure of some interesting samples was investigated by optical micrographs (OM). The results showed that under the condition of fixed pulse frequency and pulse width, the laser scanning rate and the shielding gas are the main factors influencing the components of coatings. TiCN coatings were decompounded and oxidized during the cladding process in the condition of no shielding gas of N2. X-ray diffraction results indicated that the composite coatings composed of TiCN, TiC, Ti2N, and TiO2 were produced using appropriate techniques. The results indicated that the best condition in terms of the surface microhardness is obtained when the scanning rate is 1.5mm / s, the pulse frequency is 15Hz, the pulse width is 3.0ms, and N2 is chosen as the shielding gas. The microhardness of the composite coatings is about 1331kg · mm - 2, which is about 4 times that of the substrate. The optical micrographs indicated that the cladding zone is made up of TiCN, TiO2, and some interdendritic Ti, but the diffusion zone mainly consists of the dendrites phase, and the cladded depth is about 80?滋m, which is more than 2 times that of the laser nitrided sample. There were no microcracks or air bubbles in the cladded sample, which was cladded using the above optimal techniques.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of X80 Pipeline Steel Joints by Friction Stir Welding Under Various Cooling Conditions

X80 pipeline steel plates were friction stir welded(FSW) under air, water, liquid CO_2 + water, and liquid CO_2 cooling conditions, producing defect-free welds. The microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of these FSW joints were studied. Coarse granular bainite was observed in the nugget zone(NZ) under air cooling, and lath bainite and lath martensite increased signifi cantly as the cooling medium temperature reduced. In particular, under the liquid CO_2 cooling condition, a dual phase structure of lath martensite and fi ne ferrite appeared in the NZ. Compared to the case under air cooling, a strong shear texture was identifi ed in the NZs under other rapid cooling conditions, because the partial deformation at elevated temperature was retained through higher cooling rates. Under liquid CO_2 cooling, the highest transverse tensile strength and elongation of the joint reached 92% and 82% of those of the basal metal(BM), respectively, due to the weak tempering softening. A maximum impact energy of up to 93% of that of the BM was obtained in the NZ under liquid CO_2 cooling, which was attributed to the operation of the dual phase of lath martensite and fi ne ferrite.     

INDUSTRY NEWS

China Securities News reported on March 21, 2014： Guangdong Hongtu Wuhan Die Casting Co., Ltd. （Wuhan Hongtu）, a wholly owned subsidiary of Guangdong Hongtu Technology （Holdings） Co., Ltd., held a groundbreaking ceremony recently. With the registered capital of 50 million Yuan, Wuhan Hongtu has a total land area of 100,000 square meters and a plant construction area of 72,000 square meters. It is expected to have a production capacity of about 30,000 tonnes of aluminum castings annually after it is put into production.