超细Mo-40Cu合金的制备及其性能北大核心CSCD

采用化学共沉淀—氢气还原法制备了高分散纳米Mo-40%Cu(质量分数)复合粉末,采用真空烧结法制备了Mo-Cu合金。研究了烧结温度和保温时间对合金力学性能和微观组织的影响。结果表明:高分散纳米Mo-40%Cu复合粉末的烧结活性较好,真空烧结到1300℃,保温时间2 h,可获得综合性能较好的Mo-Cu合金,样品的致密度、抗弯强度和硬度分别为94.7%、571 MPa和118.92 HV。     

超细Mo-40Cu合金的制备及其性能

采用化学共沉淀—氢气还原法制备了高分散纳米Mo-40%Cu(质量分数)复合粉末,采用真空烧结法制备了Mo-Cu合金。研究了烧结温度和保温时间对合金力学性能和微观组织的影响。结果表明:高分散纳米Mo-40%Cu复合粉末的烧结活性较好,真空烧结到1300℃,保温时间2 h,可获得综合性能较好的Mo-Cu合金,样品的致密度、抗弯强度和硬度分别为94.7%、571 MPa和118.92 HV。     

纳米复合WC-6Co粉末的快速烧结

以液相复合-连续还原碳化方法制备的纳米复合WC-6Co粉末为原料，采用放电等离子烧结（SPS），制取了超细硬质合金。利用扫描电镜、维氏硬度仪、洛氏硬度仪、密度测试仪、MTS陶瓷测试系统等，观察烧结体显微结构，测试其硬度、密度、断裂强度、矫顽磁力、磁饱和度。结果表明采用放电等离子烧结获得的烧结体的硬度HVl≥19500MPa，断裂强度TRS≥2800MPa，平均晶粒度150nm～300nm。制备了高强度、高硬度的超细WC-6Co硬质合金。     

金属镍钴增强Y-TZP复相陶瓷喷嘴的研制

根据压力式喷雾干燥机所用喷嘴的性能要求,开展了对金属镍钴增强Y-TZP复相陶瓷的研究,采用共沉淀法结合高温氢还原制备含金属Ni、Co的Y-TZP复相陶瓷粉末,经干压成型和烧结得到金属镍钴增强Y-TZP复相陶瓷材料.结果表明在Ni、Co含量为2%～3%时材料的抗弯曲强度达到1100 MPa以上、同时洛氏硬度(HRA)大于90.采用该材料制备的陶瓷喷嘴,其使用寿命达到硬质合金水平,而性价比优于硬质合金.     

纳米强化片状W/Co/C复合粉末的制备与烧结体性能

采用高效球磨细氧化钨、扁平片状W粉、碳黑、钴及适量晶粒长大抑制剂等为原料,通过碳辅助氢还原制备质量分数20%纳米钨强化片状W/Co/C复合粉末,于低压真空烧结炉中在1 410℃的温度下一次碳化烧结,制备了含片状晶WC-10%Co(质量分数)硬质合金,研究了质量分数20%纳米W的引入对合金烧结致密化及其性能的影响。对不同粉体的比表面、费氏粒度进行了测定,观察了粉体的颗粒形貌和WC-Co烧结体的显微组织,同时按硬质合金性能测试标准检测了烧结体的物理、力学性能。结果表明,采用质量分数20%纳米钨强化片状W/Co/C复合粉末,经一次碳化烧结可制备出致密化程度高的含片状晶WC-Co硬质合金;质量分数20%纳米W粉的引入利于压坯烧结收缩致密化,促进片状WC晶粒的生成,不仅有利于合金硬度(耐磨性)的提高,还因裂纹扩展机制的变化,合金的断裂韧性明显改善。     

原位合成WC-6Co复合粉末制备超细YG6硬质合金

将原位合成WC-6Co复合粉末采用干袋式冷等静压压制成型(压制压力1×10~8 Pa、保压时间15 s),将压制好的坯料采用低压烧结炉烧结(烧结温度1360℃、烧结时间40 min、加压5 MPa、保温保压时间20 min),烧结制备超细YG6硬质合金,对合金的形貌、金相组织及物理力学性能进行分析。结果表明:原位合成WC-6Co复合粉末制备的超细YG6硬质合金,晶粒异常长大,WC平均晶粒尺寸为0.8μm,硬度HV_(30)为(21500±100) MPa,较传统超细YG6X硬度高。再将WC-6Co复合粉末采用滚动湿磨、压力式喷雾干燥、掺成型剂、挤压成型、低压烧结等工序制备超细YG6硬质合金,研究不同晶粒长大抑制剂配比、球磨时间、挤压压力、烧结温度对合金性能的影响。结果表明:添加0.3%VC、0.8%Cr_3C_2(质量分数),湿磨48 h,挤压压力24 MPa,烧结温度1340℃,制备的超细YG6硬质合金WC晶粒均匀,无异常长大的WC晶粒,WC平均晶粒度尺寸0.4μm,呈多边形,外形较圆。强度、硬度最高,抗弯强度TRS为(2250±20) MPa、硬度HV30为(22600±100) MPa。断口形貌为沿晶断裂,沿WC与WC晶界断裂或WC与Co晶界断裂。     

氧化-还原碳化法回收再生高性能硬质合金的研究

以废旧WC-Co硬质合金为原料,采用氧化和原位还原碳化的短流程方法合成再生WC-Co复合粉末,随后对再生复合粉低压烧结得到再生硬质合金。利用XRD、SEM和TEM等对再生复合粉和再生硬质合金的物相和显微组织形貌进行观察和分析,系统研究了原料粉末中配碳量对再生复合粉和再生合金的物相组成和力学性能的影响。配碳量为16.60%时制备的再生WC-16%Co(质量分数,下同)硬质合金的断裂韧性为24.80 MPa·m1/2、横向断裂强度达到3860MPa,并且分析了再生硬质合金的显微组织与性能之间的关系。     

W+Co+C(碳黑)制备板状晶硬质合金及其性能研究

采用经球磨扁平化处理的W粉末为原料,添加适量Co、C(碳黑)、成型剂及纳米W粉制备板状晶硬质合金,研究了烧结温度、时间和添加纳米W粉,对板状晶硬质合金显微组织结构和性能的影响。结果表明,球磨预处理中颗粒W粉末可获得扁平化程度高的薄片状W粉末,以其为原料制备的WC-12%Co(质量分数)板状晶合金相对密度达97%,合金硬度呈现出明显的各向异性;添加纳米W粉或提高烧结温度、延长烧结时间,均有利于压坯烧结收缩致密化,生成更多的板状WC晶粒。     

金刚石制品胎体用预合金粉的制备

采用共沉淀还原法制取金刚石制品胎体的铜基预合金粉末。用X射线衍射仪（XRD）分析其物相组成，扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察其形貌特征。研究了共沉淀还原法制备预合金粉末的机理。将预合金粉末经过真空热压烧结后，测试了其基本力学性能。研究结果表明：用该法制取的预合金胎体粉末形貌较均匀、粒度较均一，成分组成达到了设计的要求。共沉淀还原法制备预合金粉末的机理为：各种金属盐在共沉淀反应过程中相互固溶形成了复合金属盐，复合金属盐再通过还原得到预合金粉末。与传统机械混合法制成的胎体材料相比，用该预合金粉制成的胎体材料，均匀性更好，力学性能明显优于传统机械混合法，相对密度达98．24％，硬度达100．4HRB，抗弯强度达1127．45MPa。     

VC添加量对纳米晶硬质合金的制备及性能影响

以钨钴氧化物、炭黑和VC为原料,采用原位还原碳化法制备WC-Co复合粉末,将复合粉末进行放电等离子烧结致密化制备WC-Co硬质合金块体材料。研究了不同VC添加量的复合粉末和块体材料的相组成、显微组织和性能,结果表明:VC的添加量对复合粉末的相组成、合金的晶粒尺寸和性能具有重要的影响,原料中添加2.0%VC(质量分数)时可获得平均晶粒尺寸为101 nm,相组成仅为WC和Co且具有高硬度和良好韧性的硬质合金块体材料。     

Study on the diamond/ultrafine WC-Co cermets interface formed in a SPS consolidated composite

Nanocrystalline WC-Co composite powder and coated tungsten diamond by using vacuum vapor deposition were consolidated by the spark plasma sintering （SPS） process to prepare diamond-enhanced WC-Co cemented carbide composite materials. The interface microstructures between coated tungsten diamond and WC-Co cemented carbide matrix were investigated by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy （EDXS）. The results showed that there is a transitional layer between the diamond and the matrix, in which the carbon content is 62.97wt.%, and the content of cobalt in the transitional zone is 6.19wt.%; the content of cobalt in the WC-Co cemented carbide matrix is 6.07wt.%, in which the carbon content is 15.95wt.%, and the content of cobalt on the surface of diamond is 7.30wt.%, in which the carbon content is 80.38wt.%. The transitional zone prevents the carbon atom of the diamond from spreading to the matrix, in which the carbon content does coincide with the theoretical value of the raw nanocomposite powders, and the carbon content forms a graded distribution among the matrix, transitional zone, and the surface of diamond; after the 1280℃ SPS consolidated process the diamond still maintains a very good crystal shape, the coated tungsten on the surface of the diamond improves thermal stability of the diamond and increases the bonding strength of the interface between the diamond and the matrix.     

Research on rare earth and iron-rich diamond-enhanced tungsten carbide composite button

At the present time in china, the binder used in tungsten carbide composite button is mainly cobalt, which is very expensive. In order to solve the problems, a new type of rare earth and iron-rich diamond-enhanced tungsten carbide with high abrasive resistance and high toughness against impact, which realizes to substitute ferrum for cobalt, has been developed. The key problems in making the button are to improve the mechanical properties of matrix and increase the welding strength between the diamond and the matrix. All these problems have been solved effectively by low temperature activation hot-press sintering, doping rare earth lanthanum in matrix and high sintering pressure. The properties of the button have been determined under laboratory conditions. The test results show that its hardness is more than 90 HRA, its abrasive resistance is 39 times more than that of conventional cemented tungsten carbide, and its toughness against impact is more than 200 J. All these data show the button has very good mechanical properties.     

国产无压机分球式超高压装置用硬质合金顶锤的研究

介绍无压机分球式超高压装置（BARS——俄文的首字母БАРС=Беспрессовая Аппаратура высокого давления "Разрезная Сфера"）合成宝石级金刚石的基本原理,分析BARS装置用硬质合金顶锤的功能特性,论述国产BARS装置用硬质合金顶锤成功工业化应用的研究过程。研究表明:选用WC-Co细颗粒复合粉,并采用搅拌球磨、冷等静压压制和低压烧结等综合技术,能提高细晶粒材料的组织结构均匀性、抗压强度及弹性模量,满足顶锤高强度、高刚性的使用需求。同时,采用在磨削中互为基准的工艺方案,控制产品上下同轴线是自定位顶锤合理的加工方案;选用粒度号M22/36的砂轮做精磨砂轮,合理的进刀量是保证加工精度的关键。      

SPS烧结WC-5%Co纳米复合粉硬质合金

采用喷雾干燥、流态化床化学转化法生产的WC-5%Co纳米复合粉为原料,研究了放电等离子体烧结(SPS)对超细硬质合金显微结构和性能的影响,同时对SPS烧结、低压烧结、真空烧结等三种工艺进行了比较。结果表明:采用SPS烧结可以在较低的温度下实现超细硬质合金的固相烧结,使合金快速致密化,当1170℃保温6min、压力为50MPa时合金可以获得最好的力学性能;其显微硬度HV30、抗弯强度、断裂韧性分别为1870、3230MPa、10.96MPa/m1/2。低压烧结可促进颗粒在液相中重排,硬质合金压坯经8MPa、1410℃、保温45min烧结,也可以获得比较好的力学性能;而传统真空烧结,合金孔隙度比较高,晶粒不均匀,性能较差。     

Synthesis of Cr-doped APT in the evaporation and crystallization process and its effect on properties of WC-Co cemented carbide alloy

WC grain size has significant effect on WC-Co cemented carbide alloy properties. In order to inhibit WC grain growth during sintering process, grain growth-inhibitor Cr₃C₂ is usually added to tungsten carbide powder in advance through mechanical milling. While, homogeneous distribution of Cr₃C₂ in the tungsten carbide powder is difficult to achieve and result in abnormal growth of WC grains. For this purpose of growth-inhibitor uniform distribution, (CH₃COO)₃Cr is added into ammonium tungstate solution during evaporation and crystallization process to prepare Cr-doped APT powder, which can be used as precursor for ultrafine-grained WC-Co cemented carbide alloy preparation. Compared with conventional APT powder, the Cr-doped APT has smaller particle size and bulk density, moreover, chromium is evenly distributed within it. The Cr-doped APT is then used to produce Cr-doped tungsten powder, which also has smaller particle size than that of conventional tungsten powder. Cr-doped tungsten powder is subsequently prepared into tungsten carbide powder and WC-Co cemented carbide alloy through carbonization and sintering process, respectively. Compared with conventional WC-Co cemented carbide alloy, the obtained WC-Co cemented carbide alloy has smaller mean WC grain size (0.36 μm), and more uniform microstructure. Furthermore, the phenomenon of WC grain abnormal growth during sintering process is not observed, because the grain growth-inhibitor Cr₃C₂ is well dispersed in tungsten carbide and cobalt composite powder. Results show that the obtained WC-Co cemented carbide alloy presents better mechanical properties (HRA, bending strength, coercive force) than those of conventional WC-Co cemented carbide alloy. Accordingly, the novel addition of (CH₃COO)₃Cr during the evaporation and crystallization process is the key factor of ultrafine-grained WC-Co cemented carbide alloy production.     

硬质合金粉末表面电泳沉积制备金刚石涂层

采用电泳沉积法在硬质合金粉末表面涂覆金刚石涂层，分析硬质合金含量和MgCl₂·6H₂O含量对涂层沉积效果的影响，并对制备的涂层粉末进行性能表征。结果表明:电泳沉积法可实现硬质合金粉末表面涂覆金刚石涂层；硬质合金粉末为28.0 g，金刚石粉末为4.0 g，MgCl₂·6H₂O为1.0 g时，制备的金刚石涂层均匀且致密度好。      

Influence of B4C coating on graphitization for diamond/WC-Fe-Ni composite

Diamond/WC-Fe-Ni composite is a potential composition for impregnated diamond drill bits. It is necessary to avoid the graphitization of the diamond from Fe and Ni under the powder metallurgy process. Boron carbide (B₄C) was coated on diamond, and diamond/WC-Fe-Ni composites were consolidated by hot pressing at different temperatures. The influences of sintering temperature and interfacial structure on bending strength and wear behavior were investigated. The bending strength for diamond/WC-Fe-Ni composite was dependent on matrix densification and interfacial graphitization. Un-coated diamond was eroded by Fe-Ni matrix and partially converted to graphite during the sintering process at all sintering temperatures. In opposite, B₄C coating was beneficial to matrix densification at a lower sintering temperature, and delayed the appearance of graphitization to around 1300 °C. Therefore, the diamond/WC-Fe-Ni composites with B₄C coating exhibited larger bending strength and better wear behavior at a relative low sintering temperature.     

氢气脱蜡工艺与原料WC碳量的选择

将不同碳含量碳化钨配制的钴含量为11%左右的硬质合金石蜡混合料压制成压坯,将压坯置于一体化ZKL-16氢气脱蜡真空烧结炉和真空脱蜡真空烧结炉中,采用氢气、氮气、真空三种脱蜡方式分别进行脱蜡后真空烧结,烧结后的合金进行检测分析,比较发现采用氢气脱蜡真空烧结工艺可采用饱和碳化钨。在氢气脱蜡工艺下,研究了各工艺参数对脱蜡效果的影响,以确定氢气脱蜡条件下矿用硬质合金原料WC碳量的选择。结果表明,采用饱和碳含量6.13%的WC作为原料,经氢气脱蜡真空烧结,可生产出合格的硬质合金。     

真空渗硼预处理在CVD金刚石-硬质合金涂层工具中的应用

采用固体粉末真空渗硼工艺，研究了硬质合金工具表面真空渗硼预处理对金刚石涂层附着力的影响，研究结果表明，硬质合金工具通过固定粉末真空渗硼处理，表面生成具有较高稳定性的以CoWB、CoB为主的渗层，经过长时间的金刚石涂层后，硬质合金工具表面出现Co3B和W2Co21B6相，没有单质Co相出现，克服了金刚石沉积中硬质合金表面钴的不利影响，使标志金刚石涂层附着力的压痕测试的临界载荷达到了1500N，并且有着较好的重现性。