激光沉积修复GH738合金时效热处理组织及性能

研究了双极时效热处理对激光沉积修复GH738合金显微组织及力学性能的影响。结果显示:沉积态显微组织为典型的外延柱状枝晶,枝晶间距约为10μm。经过时效处理后,修复区组织开始长大、合并。沉积态未发现γ′相,枝晶间存在立方状的MC型碳化物,枝晶干存在颗粒状M_23C_6型碳化物。经双级时效处理后,修复区析出γ′相:稳定化温度为820℃时,γ′相平均尺寸约为37 nm,碳化物在晶界处呈断续状析出。随着稳定化温度升高,γ′相及碳化物尺寸均有所增大,其中稳定化温度为840℃时,γ′相平均尺寸约为76 nm,碳化物呈项链状析出;稳定化温度为860℃时,γ′相平均尺寸无明显增大,部分γ′相发生明显粗化,尺寸达到150 nm,晶界处碳化物开始呈包膜状析出。力学性能测试结果显示:时效处理后试样抗拉强度明显提高,随着稳定化温度升高,抗拉强度先升高后降低,断后伸长率不断降低。     

熔体超温处理对GH742返回料凝固组织和力学性能的影响

采用熔体超温处理方法考察了熔体超温处理温度对GH742返回料凝固组织和力学性能的影响规律。结果表明：当熔体超温处理温度低于1550℃时,随熔体超温处理温度的升高,晶粒和枝晶组织显著细化,枝晶偏析和合金中N、O、S元素含量降低,然而,进一步升高至1600℃,晶粒和枝晶组织粗化、枝晶偏析增大、合金中N、O含量升高。熔体超温处理显著影响枝晶干γ′相特征,却对MC型碳化物影响较小。MC型碳化物形貌为棒状或块状,且随熔体超温处理温度升高无明显变化,但尺寸和面积分数均略微减小。枝晶干γ′相形态则随熔体超温处理升高由近球形向近立方状转变,尺寸呈现先增后减趋势。合适的熔体超温处理可显著提高返回料的室温拉伸强度,但对塑性无明显影响,其原因被归因于凝固组织的变化。     

激光成形修复K418高温合金的显微组织与开裂行为

研究了激光成形修复航空发动机涡轮叶片用K418高温合金的组织特征与开裂行为。研究发现:K418合金激光修复区组织主要由γ-FeCr0.29Ni0.16C0.06固溶体基体、方形γ′相、枝晶间杆状或骨架状初生MC碳化物和骨架状(γ+MC)共晶组成。激光成形修复所用铸件基体中MC碳化物为TiC,呈块状分布在晶内和晶界;而激光修复区中MC碳化物为(NbTi)C,呈骨架状或杆状分布于枝晶间。从基体、热影响区到修复区,γ′相形貌、尺寸和数量呈现不同特征。修复区裂纹为与液膜有关的结晶裂纹,裂纹沿枝晶晶界扩展。通过试验优化,确定了较佳的激光成形修复K418合金的工艺参数,大大降低了其开裂倾向。     

激光沉积修复DZ125组织与摩擦磨损性能

在DZ125铸造基体上进行激光沉积修复实验，研究了激光沉积修复显微组织、硬度及摩擦磨损性能。结果表明：沉积区底部为宽度约8μm的平面晶、沿沉积高度方向外延生长排列紧密的柱状晶、中部为树枝晶、顶部为杂乱无章的等轴晶；沉积区层与层交界处γ"相尺寸大于层内，晶界处γ"相尺寸大于晶内；γ+γ"共晶相和MC碳化物沿晶界分布现象明显，沉积区中下部多为短棒状MC碳化物，沉积区顶部多现小块状以及八面体状MC碳化物。基体显微硬度为410～420HV0.3，沉积区显微硬度高于基体，为455～475 HV0.3。沉积区磨损机理主要是轻微的磨粒磨损，耐磨性能优于基体。     

单晶高温合金NiCr-Cr_3C_2熔覆层的微观组织

采用真空粉末熔覆工艺在镍基单晶高温合金表面制备了致密的NiCr-Cr_3C_2熔覆涂层,并采用SEM/EDS,XRD,EPMA等手段分析了熔覆层及界面的微观组织。结果表明,真空粉末熔覆层中主要由Ni_3Si,Cr_3Si,Cr_7C_3,γ-Ni,γ′-Ni_3Al及γ+γ′共晶组织组成,熔覆层显微硬度是基体硬度的2~3倍。界面处附近由于元素互扩散,在靠近熔覆层侧生成了大量的MC型碳化物;而在靠近基体侧,由于枝晶轴与枝晶间组织与成分差异,析出了形态各异的碳化物,并分析了"十字花状"碳化物的演变过程。     

激光沉积修复DZ125合金的组织与摩擦磨损性能

在DZ125高温合金铸造基体上进行激光沉积修复实验,研究了激光沉积修复显微组织、硬度及摩擦磨损性能。结果表明:沉积区底部为宽度约8μm的平面晶、沿沉积高度方向外延生长排列紧密的柱状晶,中部为树枝晶,顶部为杂乱无章的等轴晶;沉积区层与层交界处γ'相尺寸大于层内,晶界处γ'相尺寸大于晶内;γ+γ'共晶相和MC碳化物明显沿晶界分布,沉积区中下部多为短棒状MC碳化物,沉积区顶部多现小块状以及八面体状MC碳化物。基体HV_(0.3)显微硬度为4.1～4.2 GPa,沉积区显微硬度高于基体,为4.55～4.75 GPa。沉积区磨损机理主要是轻微的磨粒磨损,耐磨性能优于基体。     

定向凝固DZ4125柱晶高温合金晶粒生长过程组织演化及其竞争生长行为

采用Bridgman定向凝固法制备DZ4125柱晶高温合金定向试棒,研究在恒定抽拉速率下定向晶粒生长过程微观组织演化及晶粒间竞争生长行为。结果表明,随着定向凝固柱晶高温合金生长高度的增加,一次枝晶间距增加,γ′相尺寸减小,且γ′相形貌由蝴蝶状向立方体状、近球状转变,枝晶间处γ′相尺寸和数量均高于枝晶干处。碳化物和γ+γ′共晶组织主要分布于枝晶间区域,且随着生长高度的增加,碳化物形貌由细小块状逐渐向条状、骨架状转变。此外,由于晶体的竞争生长,随着生长高度增加柱状晶数量明显减少,表现为在最终生长区内主要存在定向起始段中心部晶粒。上述过程主要因为存在凸固液界面生长条件,晶粒向近炉壁侧倾斜发散生长,中心部晶粒淘汰边缘晶粒发生稳定生长。     

700℃超超临界电站锅炉用高温合金617B和740H管道氩弧焊接头微观组织特征

采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、显微硬度计等手段,研究了617B和740H管道氩弧焊接头微观组织和显微硬度。结果表明:617B焊件焊缝晶粒外延生长明显,焊缝主要存在Mo、Ti元素偏析,枝晶间分布着不连续颗粒状碳化物M6C,焊缝硬度略高于母材。740H焊件焊缝主要存在Nb、Ti元素偏析,枝晶间有较多不规则颗粒状碳化物MC,没有观察到γ-γ′共晶相;热影响区晶粒稍有长大,晶内强化相γ′减少,晶界碳化物M23C6和MC发生回溶,焊缝硬度明显低于母材。     

激光沉积修复GH738合金时效热处理组织及性能研究

研究了双极时效热处理对激光沉积修复GH738合金显微组织及力学性能的影响。结果显示：沉积态显微组织为典型的外延柱状枝晶,枝晶间距为约10 μm。经过时效处理后,修复区组织开始长大、合并。沉积态未发现γ＇相,枝晶间存在立方状的MC型碳化物,枝晶干存在颗粒状M23C6型碳化物。经双级时效处理后,修复区析出γ＇相：稳定化温度为820℃时,γ＇相平均尺寸约为37nm,碳化物在晶界处呈断续状析出。随着稳定化温度升高,γ＇相及碳化物尺寸均有所增大,其中稳定化温度为840 ℃时,γ＇相平均尺寸约为76 nm,碳化物呈项链状析出;稳定化温度为860℃时,γ＇相平均尺寸无明显增大,部分γ＇相发生明显粗化,尺寸达到150 nm,晶界处碳化物开始呈包膜状析出。力学性能测试结果显示：时效处理后试样抗拉强度明显提高,随着稳定化温度升高,抗拉强度先升高后降低,断后伸长率不断降低。     

激光成形修复定向凝固DZ125镍基高温合金的组织研究

对铸造定向DZ125镍基高温合金进行单道多层的激光成形修复实验。通过光镜、扫描电镜及透射电镜对修复区进行微观组织观察,使用电子探针测定不同相及修复区枝晶干的成分。结果表明:通过激光成形修复的方法可以获得自原基材外延生长的细小定向γ柱状晶修复组织,仅在修复区顶部存在部分取向杂乱的等轴晶组织;相比铸造定向基材,沉积态修复区呈现快速外延定向凝固特征,导致修复区的成分偏析减轻,枝晶间MC型碳化物相比基材显著细化,呈块状或正八面体状,枝晶间同时分布有γ+γ′共晶组织;另外,在γ枝晶干分布着近100 nm的球形γ′相,且部分γ′相颗粒有相互连接的现象。总体上,修复区一次枝晶间距、碳化物及γ′相尺度比修复基材显著细化。     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

INTRODUCTION TO PATENTS

The invention provides a method of making a mold which can reduce SOx generation rate while preventing decrease in hardening rate in the case of using sulfuric acid for a hardener composition. The method has a mixture step in which fire-resistant particles, a hardener composition and a binder composition are mixed to obtain a composition for a mold. The hardener composition contains sulfuric acid. In the mixture step, sodium carbonate is added. A molar ratio of the sulfuric acid to the sodium carbonate is 0.5 or more and 4.0 or less.     

China Foundry Week 2014

China Foundry Week, hosted by the Foundry Institution of Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society （FICMES） each year, is a large academic event in China. It is one of the ten high-impact activities sponsored by the Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society.     

17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering Call for papers

正1.Contents In order to promote the academic exchanges and technical communication of the research in the field of fluid power transmission and control,fluid control engineering specialized committee of the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics will hold the 17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering on July 27-29,2014 in Tibet,Lhasa city.     

Information for Contributors

正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis     

Preface

<正>We are pleased to present this Special Issue of Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China containing selected papers from the First Asian Conference on Aluminum Alloys(ACAA-2013),held in Beijing,China,13–17 October 2013.This conference has been initiated,with approval of     

Information for Contributors

The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China, is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology, including mineral processing, extraction metallurgy, metallic materials and heat treatments, metal working, physical metallurgy, powder metallurgy, with the emphasis on fundamental science. It is the unique preeminent publication in English for scientists, engineers, under/post-graduates on the field of nonferrous metals industry. This journal is covered by many famous abstract/index systems and databases such as SCI Expanded, Ei Compendex Plus, 1NSPEC, CA, METADEX, AJ and JICST.     

Formulas of Tension of Continuous Rolling Process

The development of computer controlled continuous rolling process calls for a mathematical expression that can express the inequality condition of "constant flow". Tension is the link of the continuous rolling process. From the condition of dynamic equilibrium, a differential equation of tension is given out. On the basis of the physical rules established from the industrial practice and experimental studies, the law of volume constancy, the linear relation of forward slip and tension, the state equation of continuous rolling, the formula of dynamic tension, and the formula of static tension have been obtained. These formulae reflect the functional relations between tensions, thickness, roll velocity, and time in the continuous rolling process. It is implied that the continuous rolling process is a gradually steady, controllable, and measurable dynamic system. An assumption of predicting the thickness of a steel plate using these tension formulae is also put forward.