医用钛及钛合金表面涂层研究进展

概述了钛及钛合金在医学领域的发展现状,以及常用的钛及钛合金表面处理技术,重点介绍了医用钛及钛合金表面耐蚀耐磨涂层、生物活性涂层和表面抗菌涂层的研究现状和发展趋势。在钛及钛合金表面制备涂层能够使其更适合作为植入物在医学领域应用,但由于涂层自身还存在一定局限性,临床试验也需要大量的时间,目前涂层还没有大规模应用到临床医疗中。为了尽可能地改善单一涂层存在的缺陷,多组元、多层复合涂层是目前医用钛及钛合金表面涂层的研究重点。     

亚稳β钛合金在生物医学领域的研究进展

钛及钛合金因生物相容性优异、弹性模量低、综合力学性能良好及耐腐蚀性强被广泛应用于生物医学领域,成为继不锈钢、钴铬合金后最有前景的医用金属材料之一。本文从生物力学性能、生物耐腐蚀性及生物相容性和抗菌性角度出发,介绍了近10年来亚稳β型钛合金在生物医用领域的发展现状和研究进展,重点探讨了通过改变合金元素组成、热处理工艺及合金加工成型方法来改善β型钛合金生物力学性能的研究进展。     

医用钛合金的研究及应用现状

综述了医用钛合金的发展历史,重点介绍了国内外新型医用β钛合金的研发现状,以及钛合金作为骨与关节替代物、牙科植入物、颅骨修复植入物、心血管修复材料等在临床治疗中的应用情况。指出,我国在医用钛合金的开发与应用中存在研究起步较晚,整体水平不高,相关产业基础薄弱,缺乏精细和深加工产品等问题。今后,我国不仅要大力开发低弹性模量的新型医用β钛合金,还要加快医用钛合金植入件的产业化发展,从而促进医用钛合金的应用。     

新型医用钛合金的特点及发展现状

介绍了医用金属材料的特点及发展,论述了TiNi形状记忆合金、β钛合金的发展以及应用现状.分析了β钛合金中的形状记忆效应及其医学应用特性.同时展望了医用β钛合金的发展前景.     

钛及钛合金植入体表面微纳结构制备技术及生物性能研究进展

对国内外医用钛及钛合金植入体表面微纳结构制备技术的研究现状进行综述。介绍了喷砂、微切削和激光等机械加工方法,等离子喷涂、溅射等物理方法,酸蚀、碱热处理、阳极氧化等化学处理方法在钛及钛合金植入体表面制备的微纳结构,概述了微纳结构对钛及钛合金植入体生物相容性的影响。最后,总结各种制备方法的优劣,并结合目前医用钛及钛合金植入体表面微纳结构研究中存在的问题,指出了植入体表面微纳结构制备方法的发展趋势。     

钛及钛合金的焊接

钛及钛合金因其优异的综合性能和独特功能被广泛应用于航空航天和海洋工程等重要领域,而不同类型的钛及钛合金的性能各不相同。介绍钛及钛合金的分类及其焊接特性,分别描述工业纯钛、α型钛合金、α+β型钛合金、近β和β型钛合金的分类方法、添加元素及基本特性,综述不同类型的钛及钛合金的国内外焊接研究现状,重点关注各种钛及钛合金的焊接方法、焊后组织和性能,归纳总结各种钛及钛合金的主要焊接方法为TIG焊、激光焊和电子束焊。     

日本医用钛合金研究与发展

日本对不含毒性元素的医用钛合金进行了系统的研究．主要集中在a十β、β至钛合金方面的研究,合金表面活性差和摩擦疲劳等问伍是导致医用材料失效的主要原因．医用材料首先要求具有同人骨相近的弹性模量a十β、β型钛合金的弹性模量比β到的高,比人骨高得多,因此,低弹性模量的β型钛合金是人骨修复替换的理想材料．高弹性模量的a十β钛合全适合于作突骨板等器件．1合金设计选择要添加的合金元素是合金设计的重要环节．日本学者Kawahare等报送了纯金属的细胞毒性和生物相容性．金属元江锦、铬、钻在人体中会引起过敏反应而被取缔,建议…     

医用植入物β型钛合金的力学相容性

β型钛合金具有强度高、低模量、无细胞毒性而备受关注.从医用植入物β型钛合金与人体骨骼的力学相容性角度,系统地阐述了β型钛合金的力学性能、合金化、热机械加工处理、组织和性能的关系,并结合当前国内外的研究现状,总结了医用植入物β型钛合金的发展方向.     

世界钛及钛合金产业现状及发展趋势

总结和阐述了近年来世界各国钛及钛合金的发展现状和未来发展趋势。重点描述了近年来钛及钛合金最新制备及加工技术的发展和应用, 主要包括钛及钛合金的冶炼提取、熔炼铸造、最新加工方法、热处理规范以及在航空航天、舰船、化工、生物及医用材料、汽车、体育等领域的发展和应用。通过对钛及钛合金近年来发展现状的了解, 结合钛研制开发过程中出现的一些问题, 简要分析了钛及钛合金的几个主要的发展方向及趋势。     

精密铸钛技术在义齿类铸件上的应用

简述了医用纯钛和钛合金在口腔医学中应用研究的历史、现状和发展前景，论述了牙科应用精密铸钛技术的意义，以及牙科专用铸钛机、包埋材料、焊接和抛光器材的现状，精密铸造工艺对牙科铸钛性能的影响，旨在提高我国牙科精密铸钛技术。     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Rheology Feature of Simple Metal Melt

The rheology feature of Sb, Bi melt and alloys was studied using coaxial cylinder high-temperature viscometer. The results showed that the curve of torsion-rotational speed for Sb melt presents a linear relation in all measured temperature ranges, whereas for the Bi melt, the curve presents obvious non-Newtonian feature within the low temperature range and at relative high shear stress. The rheology feature of Sb80Bi20 and Sb20Bi80 alloy melts was well correlated with that of Sb and Bi, respectively. It is considered that the rheology behavior of Sb melt plays a crucial role in Sb80Bi20 alloy and that of Bi melt plays a crucial role in Sb20Bi80 alloy.     

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of a Newly Developed Austenitic Heat Resistant Steel

The effect of heat treatment on the microstructures and mechanical properties of a newly developed austenitic heat resistant steel(named as T8 alloy) for ultra-supercritical applications have been studied. Results show that the main phases in the alloy after solution treatment are γ and primary MX. Subsequent aging treatment causes the precipitation of M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries and a small number of nanoscale MX inside the grains. In addition, with increasing the aging temperature and time, the morphology of M_(23)C_6 carbides changes from semi-continuous chain to continuous network.Compared with a commercial HR3C alloy, T8 alloy has comparable tensile strength, but higher stress rupture strength. The dominant cracking mechanism of the alloy during tensile test at room temperature is transgranular, while at high temperature, intergranular cracking becomes the main cracking mode, which may be caused by the precipitation of continuous M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries. Typical intergranular cracking is the dominant cracking mode of the alloy at all stress rupture tests.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

The 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014held in Qingdao China

Organized by Suppliers China Co., Ltd and co-organized by the National Technical Committee 54 on Foundry of Standardization Administration of China, the 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014 （hereinafter referred to as FSC 2014） was successfully held on Sep. 23rd in Grand Regency Hotel, Qingdao. More than 500 delegates from home and abroad attended this conference, including over 130 purchasers from 20 countries and 380 domestic and foreign suppliers.     

Secondary Recrystallization Behaviors of Grain-Oriented 6.5 wt% Silicon Steel Sheets Produced by Rolling and Nitriding Processes

By rolling and nitriding processes, 0.23- to 0.3-mm-thick grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel sheets were produced. The core losses of grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel at frequencies ranging from 400 Hz to 20 k Hz were lower than that of the grain-oriented 3 wt% silicon steel with the same thickness by 16.6–35.8%. The secondary recrystallization behavior was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and electron backscattered diffraction. The results show that the secondary recrystallization in high-silicon steel sheets develops more completely as the nitrogen content increases after nitriding, secondary recrystallized grain sizes become larger, and the sharpness of Goss texture increases. Because more {110}116 grains in the subsurface and the central layer of the sheets have a lot of 20°–45° high-energy boundaries in addition to Goss grains, {110}116 can be the main component through selective growth during secondary recrystallization when the inhibitor quantity is not enough and inhibitor intensity is weaker. The increases in nitrogen content can increase the inhibitor intensity and hinder abnormal growth of a mount of {110}116 grains and therefore enhance the sharpness of Goss texture.     

Laser Cladded TiCN Coatings on the Surface of Titanium

Laser cladded coatings of TiCN were produced on the surface of titanium. To obtain the optimal techniques, several conditions were tested by varying the laser scanning rate. The choice of shielding gas was also studied. The cladded coatings were then evaluated from the surface mechanics point of view based on their microhardness. The microstructure of some interesting samples was investigated by optical micrographs (OM). The results showed that under the condition of fixed pulse frequency and pulse width, the laser scanning rate and the shielding gas are the main factors influencing the components of coatings. TiCN coatings were decompounded and oxidized during the cladding process in the condition of no shielding gas of N2. X-ray diffraction results indicated that the composite coatings composed of TiCN, TiC, Ti2N, and TiO2 were produced using appropriate techniques. The results indicated that the best condition in terms of the surface microhardness is obtained when the scanning rate is 1.5mm / s, the pulse frequency is 15Hz, the pulse width is 3.0ms, and N2 is chosen as the shielding gas. The microhardness of the composite coatings is about 1331kg · mm - 2, which is about 4 times that of the substrate. The optical micrographs indicated that the cladding zone is made up of TiCN, TiO2, and some interdendritic Ti, but the diffusion zone mainly consists of the dendrites phase, and the cladded depth is about 80?滋m, which is more than 2 times that of the laser nitrided sample. There were no microcracks or air bubbles in the cladded sample, which was cladded using the above optimal techniques.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

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正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis