Effects of alkaline cations （M^＋ = Li^＋, Na^＋, K^＋, Cs^＋） on the electrochemical synthesis of polyaniline in nitric acid electrolyte

The effects of alkaline cations （M^＋ = Li^＋, Na^＋, K^＋, Cs^＋）on the electrochemical synthesis of polyaniline were carfled out under cyclovoltammetric conditions using nitrates of Li^＋, Na^＋, K^＋, and Cs^＋ as the supporting electrolytes. The results show that the oxidation potentials of aniline in the electrolytes decrease as the protonation extent of aniline decreases from the fast scan, which is caused by the decrease of the ionic radius of alkaline metal ions at the same concentration of alkaline cations. With the scan number increasing, the deposit charge Q as the characteristic growth function also depends on the protonation of aniline, and it increases with the ionic radius of alkaline cations increasing. SEM images show the effect of alkaline cations on the morphology of polyaniline. It is clear that the ionic mobility of alkaline cations is further lower than that of W. Alkaline cations and counter-ions were the species responsible for the enhancement of Pani electrosynthesis. Therefore, this is exactly what SEM images show： a relatively rough fibrous structure in the case of Pani-H^＋ suggesting a sponge-like structure and a highly orderly fiber-like structure in the case of Pani-M^＋.     

萃取分光光度法测定铝和铝合金中的Ga^3＋,In^3＋,Tl^3＋

萃取分光光度法测定铝和铝合金中的Ｇａ~（３＋）、Ｉｎ~（３＋）、Ｔｌ~（３＋）［印度］Ｓ．Ｍ．Ｋａｌａｄｅ和Ｙ．Ｍ．Ｓｈｉｎｄｅ许孙曲，许菱摘译武红林校１实验１．１设备与试剂用Ｓｐｅｃｔｒｏｎｉｃ２０－Ｄ分光光度计和ＣｏｎｔｌＤｙｎａｍｉｃｓ数字ｐＨ计?..     

铜合金在3.5%NaCl＋NH3（NH4^＋）溶液中的腐蚀磨损行为

本文通过测定HA177－2，BFe30－1－1在3．5％NaCl和3．5％NaCl＋NH3（NH4 ）溶液中的腐蚀速率、腐蚀磨损率和电化学行为以及观测腐蚀磨损后铜合金的微观形貌，研究了腐蚀后样品的表层性能。实验结果表明，NH3（NH4 ）的存在加速了铜合金的腐蚀、腐蚀磨损，使腐蚀电位E(corr)明显负移、腐蚀电流密度i(corr)增加；氨或铵离子对铜合金腐蚀磨损的加速作用与腐蚀磨损过程中的氨致脆性有关。     

Ni^2＋和Co^2＋复配（MoO4^2-＋Zn^2＋）对A2O碳钢的缓蚀率研究

用静态失重法研究了在标准配制水中Ni^2＋和Co^2＋复配（MoO4^2-＋Zn^2＋）对A2O碳钢的缓蚀行为．结果表明，Langelier饱和指数（LSI）、MoO4^2-浓度、Ni^2＋和Co^2＋浓度对缓蚀率的影响程度依次为：LSI〉MoO4^2-≈Co^2＋〉LSI与MoO4^2-的交互作用；Ni^2＋对提高缓蚀率几乎无贡献．     

Electroless Ni-Co-P Coating of Cenospheres Using Ag（NH3）2^＋ Activator

Electroless Ni-Co-P-coating of fly-ash cenosphere particles is demonstrated in the present investigation. The Electroless Ni-Co-P-coating process is modified by replacing the conventional sensitization and activation steps with only using activation step with Ag(NH3)2^ activator. The cenospheres are characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) during and after the coating process. Relatively uniform coating is obtained under the given coating conditions. The possible mechanism of electroless Ni-Co-P-coating of cenospheres utilizing Ag(NH3)2^ activator is suggested. The low density Ni-Co-P coated cenospheres may be utilized for manufacturing conducting polymers for EMI-shielding application and microwave absorbing materials.     

Ca^2＋,Mg^2＋在镍厂钴工艺中的行为及控制

分析Ｃａ＾２＋、Ｍｇ＾２＋在钴工艺中的行为,找出规律,支便更好夺指导生产,确保产品质量。     

Recovery of Mn^2＋, Co^2＋ and Ni^2＋ from manganese nodules by redox leaching and solvent extraction

The recovery of Mn, Co and Ni from deep-sea manganese nodules was conducted by acid oxidative leaching and solvent extraction. The results indicate that pyrrhotite used during leaching can effectively facilitate the leaching out of manganese, cobalt and nickel. The leaching behaviors of Mn, Ni and Co were determined and the influences of temperature, leaching time and sulphuric acid concentration on leaching rate were also investigated. Co and Ni are precipitated from the leaching liquor by adding sodium sulfide into solution with agitation for 2 h at 50 ℃, and the manganese sulphate is obtained by concentrating the resulting solution. By re-dissolving the precipitates of cobalt and nickel, the separation of cobalt and nickel is performed using di（2-ethylhexyl） phosphoric acid （D2EHPA） for impurities elimination with 8 stages at organic-to-aqueous（O/A） volume ratio of 3：5, and 2- ethylhexyl phosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester （known as PC88A or P507） for cobalt extraction with 3 stages counter-current operations at O/A volume ratio of 2：3 followed by their scrubbings and strippings, respectively. The final maximum recovery rates for manganese, cobalt and nickel are 85%, 75% and 78%, respectively.     

Influence of La^3＋ and Dy^3＋ on the properties of the long afterglow phosphor CaAl2O4： Eu^2＋, Nd^3＋

The long afterglow phosphor CaAl2O4:Eu2+,Nd3+ was prepared by the high temperature solid-state reaction method,and the influence of La3+ and Dy3+ on the properties of the long afterglow phosphor was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD),photoluminescence (PL),and thermoluminescence (TL),The XRD pattern shows the host phase of CaAl2O4 is produced and no impurity phase appears.The peak wavelength of the phosphor does not vary with La3+ and Dy3+ doping.It implies that the crystal field,which affects the 5d electron states of Eu2+ is not changed dramatically after doping of La3+ and Dy3+.The TL spectra indicate that the phosphor doped with La3+ or Dy3+ produces different depths of trap energy level.In the mechanism of long afterglow luminescence,it is considered that La3+ or Dy3+ works as trap energy level.The decay time lies on the number of electrons in the trap energy level and the rate of the electrons returning to the excitation level.     

Effects of RE^3＋（RE=La,Ce,Pr,Sm,Dy,Ho,Er,and Tm） on the luminescence of Sr2MgSiO5：Eu^2＋ phosphors

Sr2MgSiO5:Eu2+phosphors were synthesized through a high temperature solid state reaction method.The phase and luminescence properties of the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and a luminescence spectrometer.The effects of RE3+(RE = La,Ce,Pr,Sm,Dy,Ho,Er,and Tm) on the luminescent properties of the samples were studied.The results show that the luminescence spectrum of Sr2MgSiO5:Eu2+ is a broad band composed of two emission peaks,at 460 and at 530 nm under near-ultraviolet excitation.Rare earth ions Re3+(RE = La,Ce,Pr,Sm,Dy,Ho,Er,and Tm) have great influence on the emission of Sr2MgSiO5:Eu2+ phosphors.The La3+ ion in Sr2MgSiO5:Eu2+ phosphors greatly enhances the emission at 460 and 530 nm.     

RhB^＋—Ir（Ⅲ）—SnCl3^—体系的离心光度法测定铱

1.前言近年来,苏联学者Mirzoyan等采用离心光度法对杂多酸-碱性染料体系进行了较广泛的研究,其摩尔吸光系数处于n×10~5 L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1)数量级.我们研究了RhB~+-Ir(Ⅲ)-SnCl_3-体系的离心光度法,在2.0mol/L HCl介质中,3000r/min下离心10min,沉淀溶解在26ml无水乙醇中,ε_(553nm)=1.02×10~7 L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1),铱含量在0～0.300μg/25ml符合比尔定律.如此高的灵敏度在现有的光度法中也是极为罕见的.     

膨润土砂的活化,盐化,解活化的K^＋的固定

砂芯粘结剂对膨润土的结构和粘结性能有着不同的影响。有机粘结剂通过树脂馏出物的缩聚起作用。而有机和无机粘结剂还会在型砂中留下盐分，从而会产生被称之盐化，过度活化，解活化和Ｋ＾＋离子固定等效应。这些效应部分可通过型砂附加物来消除。     

Ce^3＋,Sb^3＋共激活的亚超细磷光体的微波快速合成和发光特性

首次采用微波辐射法快速合成了亚超细CaS:C^3 ,Sb^3 高效绿光磷光体，发现Ce^3 与Sb^3 离子之间存在着能量传,租是属于多极子相互作用的共振传递，因而Ce^3 对CaS:Sb^3 的发光有明显的敏化和增强。微波场作用下合成的双掺磷光体的激发峰与发射峰值分别恒定在259nm 和523nm处，并没有像传统高温固相合成法那样，随掺杂离子浓度的增大而发生红移现象。SEM照片显示，采用含不同一价阳离子（Na^ ,K^ ,NH4^ )无机盐作助熔剂制得的亚超细CaS:Ce^3 ,Sb^3 磷光体平均粒径为300nm-500nm，但其晶体形貌分别为立方形、球形和团聚状的雪花形，其中球形磷光体荧光最强。     

（TiAl）＋Nb＋W＋B合金的微观组织演变

通过磁悬浮法制备含有W、Nb、B的重15kgTiAl合金大锭。此合金大锭与电弧熔炼的0.05kg的小样品相比,存在晶粒大小和相组织结构性质方面的区别。设计了一系列热处理工艺来消除大锭合金的高温残留β相,并获取理想的微观组织。铸态大锭合金在经过适当的热处理工艺后室温伸长率可达1.9%。这种大批量方式生产的TiAl合金,通过新合金设计与相应的热处理后,其力学性能可获得显著提高。     

基于C＋＋Builder的切削热预测

切削热及由此产生的切削温度,是造成刀具磨损和粘结破损的直接原因.切削温度直接影响刀具体内的热应力分布;尤其在切削过程中,刀具受到周期性的热冲击,易使硬质合金刀片产生热裂纹而导致破损,对车削加工过程中的切削热进行仿真具有重要的理论研究与实际应用价值.为此,基于C+ +Builder软件仿真了工件的实际加工过程,并对切削热进行了动态仿真.为数控车削中切削热仿真的进一步研究提供了理论指导依据.     

Roles of crystal defects in the persistent luminescence of Eu^2＋, Dy^3＋ co-doped strontium aluminate based phosphors

The roles of different point defects in persistent luminescence of SrAl2O4：Eu,Dy phosphors were investigated. The research results showed that Dyer plays an important role in the persistent luminescence of SrA1EO4：Eu, Dy phosphors. It can serve as the electron trap of suitable depth for persistent luminescence. V~ does not serve as the electron trap of suitable depth, but its existence can increase the depth of electron traps. There is interaction between the Dy^3＋（ DySr ） and the Eu^2＋（Eu^x Sr ）, and only if the distance between the Dy^3＋（DySr） and the Eu^2＋ （Eu^x Sr） is close enough, the Dyer can work as an effective electron trap. The point defect of V＂ Sr can be hole trap, but the change of its density in crystal matrix does not arouse the obvious change of persistent luminescence.     

Establishment of water quality index （Na^＋, Ca^2＋） for purified water reused to zinc electrolysis process

The effects of Na+ and Ca2+ in the purified water on the conductivity of zinc electrolyte and the current efficiency of zinc electrolysis were studied by the alternating current bridge method and the simulated electrolysis experiments, and the water quality index of reused water was established. The results show that the conductivity of the solution and the current efficiency decrease as these two kinds of positive ions are added in the electrolyte. The effect of Ca2+ is much more remarkable than that of Na+. ρ(Na+)≤ 8 g/L and ρ(Ca2+)≤20 mg/L are the quality indexes in the zinc electrolysis process and the concentrations of Na+ and Ca2+ in the purified water reused to the process should be less than the limited values, i.e. the water quality index of the purified water should be controlled by its reused amount.     

基于VC＋＋的CAPP网络数据库研究

计算机辅助工艺设计(CAPP)系统的研究是国内外制造自动化领域的一个热点.同时,随着信息技术特别是网络的蓬勃发展,数据库技术日趋成熟,对支持CAPP系统的网络工艺数据库的研究也越来越深入.文章利用Microsoft Access2000建立CAPP后台工艺数据库,以VC++6.0为开发平台,在网络通讯模块采用CSocket技术,在数据库模块采用ADO技术,通过对CAPP体系中的切削参数管理系统的分析,说明了C/S模式的网络数据库的开发过程,并给出了通过访问网络数据库来查询金属切削参数的应用实例.     

BRIGHT LONG AFTERGLOW PHOSPHORESCENCE GLASS MADE OF SrAl2O4 ： Eu^2＋, Dy^3＋ AND GLASS FRITS

Bright long afterglow phosphorescence glasses were prepared by using SrAl2O4： Eu^2＋, Dy^3＋ phosphors and suitable glass frits together. The SrAl2O4： Eu^2＋, Dy^3＋ phosphors were initially prepared by the solid reaction method. Three kinds of glass frits were prepared to match the SrAl2O4： Eu^2＋, Dy^3＋ phosphors. Effects of the compositions of the glass frits, the ratios of the phosphors to the frits us well us the firing temperature and firing times on the properties of the samples were discussed. XRD analysis indicated the samples exhibited the typical diffraction peaks of SrAlwO4： Eu^2＋, Dy^3＋. The emission spectra of the samples showed broad bands peaking at 510nm.The excitation spectra of the samples showed broad bands ranging from 300 to 480hm. These are believed due to the 5d4f-4f transitions of Eu^2＋ in the SrAl2O4： Eu^2＋, Dy^3＋ phosphors. The afterglow luminescence of the samples excited by a 40W fluorescence lamp for 30min can be observed in the dark for more lOh with the naked eyes. It can find wide applications in many fields.     

基于VC＋＋的弧焊机器人离线编程系统设计

针对MOTOMAN-UP系列机器人,在PC机的Windows平台上利用VC++开发了弧焊机器人离线编程系统.介绍了该系统的组成、功能及其设计方法.该系统能对任意马鞍形工件规划出焊枪的运动路径与姿态,且按比例同步显示工件;集成了机器人通信模块和运动学仿真模块,并自动导入工件,不仅能单步生成作业指令,而且可自动生成作业文件;采用OpenGL技术建立三维工件模型,实现工件的显示、旋转、缩放等功能.通过以太网,对PC机中的作业程序和机器人控制器中的作业程序进行相互传输,实现了弧焊机器人的离线编程及远程控制.     

基于VC＋＋ 6.0的渐开线齿轮加工余量分析

单盘铣刀粗加工过程中,齿廓的渐开线部分会留有不均匀的余量,对齿廓后续成形磨削时砂轮磨损不均匀性有很大的影响.笔者利用VC 编程语言对不同齿数、模数齿轮齿廓各部分加工余量进行了分析,为齿轮的后续加工创造了条件.