FGH96合金晶粒长大规律的研究

对FGH96合金在热处理过程中晶粒长大规律进行了系统的研究。结果表明，γ’相对晶粒长大有显著阻碍作用，在低于γ’相固溶温度(1109℃)热处理时，大量未溶解的γ’相使得晶粒长大缓慢；在高于γ’相固溶温度以上时，合金为单相奥氏体组织，晶粒随温度的升高快速长大。晶粒长大动力学表明：在高于，相固溶温度以上时，晶粒生长指数随着热处理温度的升高而增加；在热处理温度为1135℃和1150℃下的晶粒长大激活能为293．4kJ／mol，晶粒长大机理为自扩散过程控制机理，并建立了相应的晶粒长大动力学方程。     

固溶处理对GH4169合金组织与性能的影响

研究了热处理温度和保温时问对GH4169合金晶粒长大规律和硬度的影响。结果表明，δ相对晶粒长大有显著阻碍作用，在低于δ相完全溶解温度热处理时，未溶解的δ相使晶粒长大缓慢；在高于δ相完全溶解温度热处理时，合金为单相奥氏体组织，晶粒随温度的升高迅速长大。晶粒长大动力学表明：在热处理温度高于1050℃时的晶粒长大激活能为157．6kJ／mol，晶粒长大机理为Ni基合金的晶界扩散过程所控制同时也建立了相应的晶粒长大动力学方程。     

固溶处理对GH4169合金晶粒长大和硬度的影响

研究了GH4169合金在不同固溶温度和保温时间下进行固溶处理时晶粒长大的规律和其对硬度的影响。结果表明:该合金的δ相溶解温度在980～1000 ℃之间,不同固溶处理条件下GH4169合金的晶粒长大具有不同特点,在低于δ相溶解温度热处理时晶粒长大缓慢,当热处理温度高于δ相溶解温度时,晶粒尺寸随热处理温度的升高而快速长大;建立了GH4169合金在1000 ℃以上热处理过程中的晶粒长大动力学模型,晶粒长大的激活能为285.013 kJ/mol;GH4169合金的硬度随固溶温度的升高和保温时间的延长而降低,且合金的晶粒尺寸和硬度值遵循Hall-Petch关系。     

热处理对C-276合金无缝管晶粒长大行为的影响

研究了不同的热处理工艺对C-276合金冷轧无缝管晶粒长大行为的影响。结果表明:在同一保温时间下,随热处理温度的升高,C-276合金的晶粒尺寸逐渐增大,且不同保温时间下的晶粒长大趋势相同。当热处理温度为1040～1080 ℃时,晶粒长大较快;在1080～1160 ℃时放缓;在1160～1200 ℃时又加快。在1040～1200 ℃下保温10 min后C-276合金的晶界迁移表观激活能为313.77 kJ/mol。当热处理温度为1040～1080 ℃时,随保温时间的延长晶粒长大较为缓慢;温度为1120～1160 ℃时,当保温时间在10 min内,晶粒长大较快,当保温时间大于10 min后晶粒长大减慢;温度升高到1200 ℃时,随保温时间的延长晶粒长大趋势较为平缓。热处理温度在1040～1200 ℃范围内,随温度的升高,C-276合金的晶粒长大动力学时间指数η先增大后减小。     

S355J2微合金结构钢奥氏体晶粒长大的热模拟研究

通过热模拟和热处理试验研究了欧标S355J2微合金结构钢奥氏体晶粒的长大规律。热模拟焊接的试验结果表明,当峰值加热温度低于1250℃时,S355J2钢焊接热影响区(HAZ)奥氏体晶粒较细小,并随着保温时间的延长而不断长大;当峰值加热温度高于1250℃时,奥氏体晶粒急剧长大,长大幅度随着保温时间的延长而减小。热处理试验结果为,在低于1050℃加热时,S355J2钢奥氏体晶粒较细小,并且随着保温时间的延长奥氏体晶粒长大不明显;当加热温度高于1200℃时,奥氏体晶粒急剧长大,并且随着保温时间的延长长大幅度较大。     

锻造TiAl在热处理时晶粒长大的动力学分析

研究了锻造Ｔｉ－４８Ａｌ－２Ｃｒ（ａｔ％）在１１８０℃热自理音的组织演变,分析在不同温度等温热处理进晶粒长魇 动力学,在Ｔａ以上等温热处理时,昌粒长大迅速,其晶粒长大因子为２．４。在Ｔａ以下等温热处理进,当热处理由１０ｍｉｎ不断延长到４ｈ时,ｒ晶粒尺寸变化较小,α晶粒不断长大。热处理温度越高,晶粒长大越快在１１８０℃,１２２０℃,１２６０℃和１３００℃热处理进晶粒长大因子分别为２．９,２．８．２．     

固溶处理对GH4169合金组织与性能的影响

研究了热处理温度和保温时间对GH4169合金晶粒长大规律和硬度的影响.结果表明,δ相对晶粒长大有显著阻碍作用,在低于δ相完全溶解温度热处理时,未溶解的δ相使晶粒长大缓慢;在高于δ相完全溶解温度热处理时,合金为单相奥氏体组织,晶粒随温度的升高迅速长大.晶粒长大动力学表明:在热处理温度高于1050℃时的晶粒长大激活能为157.6kJ/mol,晶粒长大机理为Ni基合金的晶界扩散过程所控制,同时也建立了相应的晶粒长大动力学方程.     

GH720Li合金棒坯热变形加热过程的晶粒长大模型

对GH720Li合金棒坯在不同加热温度和保温时间下的晶粒长大行为进行研究,建立并验证了热变形加热过程的晶粒长大模型。结果表明,合金棒坯的平均晶粒尺寸随加热温度的升高与保温时间的延长而增大。当加热温度为1120℃时,晶粒开始较明显长大;当加热温度为1160℃时,晶粒显著长大。在1120、1160℃加热条件下晶粒长大行为的差异与γ'相的回溶程度密切相关。为了提高模型预测精度,分别在1000~1120℃和1120~1160℃两个加热温度下建立了GH720Li合金晶粒长大模型。所建立的模型得到的数据与试验数据吻合性高,可用于加热过程中晶粒尺寸演变的模拟计算。     

δ相对GH4169合金热变形后热处理中晶粒长大的影响

针对GH4169合金的Delta工艺,经热变形后在950~1040℃范围内进行热处理实验,研究了δ相对晶粒长大的影响规律。结果表明:δ相通过对晶界的钉扎作用可以有效地抑制晶粒长大,同时δ相发生了溶解;当温度为950℃时,其显微组织演变机制主要为静态回复;当温度高于980℃时,δ相大量溶解,其显微组织演变机制主要为晶粒长大和退火孪晶形成。因此,GH4169合金Delta工艺中需严格控制加热和变形温度在950~980℃之间。     

中锰钢的奥氏体晶粒长大动力学研究

对中锰钢在950～1200℃条件下分别进行15～120 min等温奥氏体化的热处理实验,研究其奥氏体晶粒长大行为。结果表明:随着加热温度的升高和保温时间的延长,奥氏体晶粒均会长大。当加热温度低于1100℃时,奥氏体晶粒长大缓慢,但是当加热温度高于1150℃时,奥氏体晶粒明显粗化。通过对实验数据进行线性回归,获得了实验钢的奥氏体晶粒长大动力学模型。     

RHEOLOGY FEATURE OF SIMPLE METAL MELT

The rheology feature of Sb, Bi melt and alloys was studied using coaxial cylinder high-temperature viscometer. The results showed that the curve of torsion-rotational speed for Sb melt presents a linear relation in all measured temperature ranges, whereas for the Bi melt, the curve presents obvious non-Newtonian feature within the low temperature range and at relative high shear stress. The rheology feature of Sb80Bi20 and Sb20Bi80 alloy melts was well correlated with that of Sb and Bi, respectively. It is considered that the rheology behavior of Sb melt plays a crucial role in Sb80Bi20 alloy and that of Bi melt plays a crucial role in Sb20Bi80 alloy.     

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of a Newly Developed Austenitic Heat Resistant Steel

The effect of heat treatment on the microstructures and mechanical properties of a newly developed austenitic heat resistant steel(named as T8 alloy) for ultra-supercritical applications have been studied. Results show that the main phases in the alloy after solution treatment are γ and primary MX. Subsequent aging treatment causes the precipitation of M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries and a small number of nanoscale MX inside the grains. In addition, with increasing the aging temperature and time, the morphology of M_(23)C_6 carbides changes from semi-continuous chain to continuous network.Compared with a commercial HR3C alloy, T8 alloy has comparable tensile strength, but higher stress rupture strength. The dominant cracking mechanism of the alloy during tensile test at room temperature is transgranular, while at high temperature, intergranular cracking becomes the main cracking mode, which may be caused by the precipitation of continuous M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries. Typical intergranular cracking is the dominant cracking mode of the alloy at all stress rupture tests.     

The 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014held in Qingdao China

Organized by Suppliers China Co., Ltd and co-organized by the National Technical Committee 54 on Foundry of Standardization Administration of China, the 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014 （hereinafter referred to as FSC 2014） was successfully held on Sep. 23rd in Grand Regency Hotel, Qingdao. More than 500 delegates from home and abroad attended this conference, including over 130 purchasers from 20 countries and 380 domestic and foreign suppliers.     

LASER CLADDED TiCN COATINGS ON THE SURFACE OF TITANIUM

Laser cladded coatings of TiCN were produced on the surface of titanium. To obtain the optimal techniques, several conditions were tested by varying the laser scanning rate. The choice of shielding gas was also studied. The cladded coatings were then evaluated from the surface mechanics point of view based on their microhardness. The microstructure of some interesting samples was investigated by optical micrographs (OM). The results showed that under the condition of fixed pulse frequency and pulse width, the laser scanning rate and the shielding gas are the main factors influencing the components of coatings. TiCN coatings were decompounded and oxidized during the cladding process in the condition of no shielding gas of N2. X-ray diffraction results indicated that the composite coatings composed of TiCN, TiC, Ti2N, and TiO2 were produced using appropriate techniques. The results indicated that the best condition in terms of the surface microhardness is obtained when the scanning rate is 1.5mm / s, the pulse frequency is 15Hz, the pulse width is 3.0ms, and N2 is chosen as the shielding gas. The microhardness of the composite coatings is about 1331kg · mm - 2, which is about 4 times that of the substrate. The optical micrographs indicated that the cladding zone is made up of TiCN, TiO2, and some interdendritic Ti, but the diffusion zone mainly consists of the dendrites phase, and the cladded depth is about 80m, which is more than 2 times that of the laser nitrided sample. There were no microcracks or air bubbles in the cladded sample, which was cladded using the above optimal techniques.     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of X80 Pipeline Steel Joints by Friction Stir Welding Under Various Cooling Conditions

X80 pipeline steel plates were friction stir welded(FSW) under air, water, liquid CO_2 + water, and liquid CO_2 cooling conditions, producing defect-free welds. The microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of these FSW joints were studied. Coarse granular bainite was observed in the nugget zone(NZ) under air cooling, and lath bainite and lath martensite increased signifi cantly as the cooling medium temperature reduced. In particular, under the liquid CO_2 cooling condition, a dual phase structure of lath martensite and fi ne ferrite appeared in the NZ. Compared to the case under air cooling, a strong shear texture was identifi ed in the NZs under other rapid cooling conditions, because the partial deformation at elevated temperature was retained through higher cooling rates. Under liquid CO_2 cooling, the highest transverse tensile strength and elongation of the joint reached 92% and 82% of those of the basal metal(BM), respectively, due to the weak tempering softening. A maximum impact energy of up to 93% of that of the BM was obtained in the NZ under liquid CO_2 cooling, which was attributed to the operation of the dual phase of lath martensite and fi ne ferrite.     

INDUSTRY NEWS

China Securities News reported on March 21, 2014： Guangdong Hongtu Wuhan Die Casting Co., Ltd. （Wuhan Hongtu）, a wholly owned subsidiary of Guangdong Hongtu Technology （Holdings） Co., Ltd., held a groundbreaking ceremony recently. With the registered capital of 50 million Yuan, Wuhan Hongtu has a total land area of 100,000 square meters and a plant construction area of 72,000 square meters. It is expected to have a production capacity of about 30,000 tonnes of aluminum castings annually after it is put into production.     

GROWTH MORPHOLOGIES OF A BINARY ALLOY WITH LOW ANISOTROPY IN DIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION

Two new classes of growth morphologies, called doublons and seaweed, were simulated using a phase-field method. The evolution of doublon and seaweed morphologies was obtained in directional solidification. The influence of orientation and velocity on the growth morphology was investigated. It was indicated that doublons preferred growing with its crystallographic axis aligned with the heat flow direction. Seaweed, on the other hand, could be obtained by tilting the crystalline axis to 45°. Stable doublons could only exist in a range of velocity regime. Beyond this regime the patterns formed would be unstable. The simulation results agreed with the reported experimental results qualitatively.     

STUDY ON PROPERTIES OF PULSE ELECTRODEPOSITED RE-Ni-W-P-SiC COMPOSITE COATINGS

The effects of pulse frequency f and duty cycle r on the deposition rate, composition, morphology, and hardness of pulse electrodeposited RE （rare earth）-Ni-W-P-SiC composite coatings have been studied. The results indicate that pulse current can improve the deposition rate of RE-Ni-W-P-SiC composite coatings; W, P, and SiC contents in the coating decrease with the increase of pulse frequency and reach the lowest value at f = 33Hz, whereas the RE content in the composite coatings increases with the increase of pulse frequency. SiC content decreases with the increase of duty cycle, W content reaches the lowest value, and P content reaches the highest value at r = 0.4; pulse current and RE can lead to smaller size of the crystalline grains; however, the effects of different pulse frequency and duty cycle on the morphologies of RE-Ni-W-P-SiC composite coatings are not obvious. The hardness of RE-Ni-W-P-SiC composite coatings is the highest when the duty cycle is at 0.6 and 0.8 and pulse frequency is at 50Hz. At the same pulse frequency, the hardness of RE-Ni-W-P-SiC composite coatings at r= 0.8 is higher than that at r= 0.6.     

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN J-INTEGRAL AND FRACTURE SURFACE AVERAGE PROFILE

To investigate the causes that led to the formation of cracks in materials, a novel method that only considered the fracture surfaces for determining the fracture toughness parameters of J-integral for plain strain was proposed The principle of the fracture-surface topography analysis （FRASTA） was used. In FRASTA, the fracture surfaces were scanned by laser microscope and the elevation data was recorded for analysis. The relationship between J-integral and fracture surface average profile for plain strain was deduced. It was also verified that the J-integral determined by the novel method and by the compliance method matches each other well.