TC4合金表面氩弧熔覆TiCp/Ti基复合涂层组织及耐磨性

利用氩弧熔覆技术在TC4合金表面制备出TiC增强的Ti基复合涂层。利用SEM、XRD和EDS分析了熔覆涂层的显微组织;利用显微硬度仪测试了复合涂层的显微硬度;利用摩擦磨损试验机测试了涂层在室温干滑动磨损条件下的耐磨性能。结果表明:氩弧熔覆涂层组织均匀致密,熔覆层与基体呈冶金结合,涂层中有大量的TiC树枝晶和条块状TiC颗粒;复合涂层明显改善了TC4合金的表面硬度,HV平均硬度可达9GPa;复合涂层室温干滑动磨损机制为磨粒磨损和轻微粘着磨损。     

钛合金表面氩弧熔覆TiC增强复合涂层组织与性能分析

把石墨粉末预涂在钛合金表面上,利用氩弧熔覆技术成功制备出原位自生TiC增强的金属基复合涂层。利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪和能谱仪分析了熔覆涂层的显微组织,探讨了增强相TiC的生成机制;利用显微硬度仪测试了复合涂层的显微硬度并用磨损试验机考察了其在室温干滑动磨损条件下的耐磨性能。结果表明,氩弧熔覆涂层组织均匀致密,原位自生TiC呈树枝晶和细碎的条状均匀地分布于整个涂层中;由TiC增强的复合涂层明显地改善了钛合金的表面硬度．平均硬度约为700HV0．2且沿层深方向呈梯度分布;涂层在室温干滑动磨损条件下的耐磨性明显优于基体,约为钛合金的10．5倍．     

TC4合金表面熔覆石墨烯增强钛基复合涂层的组织及性能

目的 通过氩弧熔覆技术在TC4合金表面制备石墨烯增强钛基复合涂层,以改善其耐磨性能.方法 将钛粉和石墨烯在球磨机中充分混合.将混合后的粉末涂覆于TC4合金表面,采用氩弧熔覆技术将预涂覆粉末熔化,制备出陶瓷颗粒增强钛基熔覆层.采用X射线衍射分析仪分析涂层的物相,利用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜分析熔覆层中颗粒相的组成及分布.采用显微维氏硬度仪和摩擦磨损试验机,测试熔覆层的显微硬度和磨损性能.结果 熔覆层厚度可达1 mm,且表面及横截面没有气孔、裂纹等缺陷产生,物相主要包括TiC和 α-Ti.熔覆层中不同区域的组织存在差别,涂层的中上部组织主要为树枝晶,底部组织中树枝晶逐渐减少.熔覆层与基体呈冶金结合,组织致密.增强相TiC以颗粒状和花瓣状形式存在.石墨烯增强钛基复合涂层的显微硬度高达845.4HV.在相同磨损条件下,TC4合金基体与熔覆层的磨损量分别是0.153 g和0.0123 g,熔覆层的磨损量明显降低.涂层的磨损机制主要是磨粒磨损.结论 与TC4合金基体对比,熔覆层的显微硬度提高约2.5倍,耐磨性提高12倍.氩弧熔覆原位自生TiC陶瓷颗粒增强钛基熔覆层可显著提高TC4合金表面的耐磨性.     

稀土对氩弧熔覆复合涂层组织和性能的影响

以Ti,B4C,Y2O3和Ni60A粉末为原料,利用氩弧熔覆技术在Q235钢基材表面成功制备出镍基增强相复合涂层,运用 XRD,SEM等分析手段研究了复合涂层的显微组织,利用显微硬度仪测试了复合涂层的显微硬度,并用磨损试验机分析了其在室温干滑动磨损条件下的耐磨性能. 结果表明,复合涂层与基体界面无气孔、裂纹,呈冶金结合. 复合涂层由TiC,TiB2,Cr23C6和γ-Ni组成. 稀土加入改变了TiC和TiB2的长大形态,呈颗粒状均匀、细小的分布在熔覆涂层中. 显微硬度和耐磨性测试结果表明,稀土加入后提高其显微硬度和磨损性能.     

氩弧熔覆原位自生TiC-TiB增强铁基复合涂层组织与性能

以碳粉、钛粉、硼粉和铁粉末为原料,利用氩弧熔覆技术在16Mn钢基材表面成功制备出铁基增强相复合涂层,运用XRD,SEM等分析手段研究了复合涂层的显微组织,利用显微硬度仪测试了复合涂层的显微硬度,并用磨损试验机分析了其在室温干滑动磨损条件下的耐磨性能.结果表明,复合涂层与基体界面无气孔、裂纹,呈冶金结合.复合涂层由TiB,TiC,Fe₂Ti和α-Fe组成.显微硬度和耐磨性测试结果表明,该复合涂层显微维氏硬度高达1000 MPa左右.常温干滑动磨损条件下,复合涂层具有优异的耐磨性.     

氩弧熔敷原位自生TiC-TiB_2/Fe复合涂层组织与磨损性能的研究

以Ti、B4C和Fe粉为原料,利用氩弧熔敷技术在Q235钢基体表面制备出原位自生TiC-TiB2增强Fe基复合涂层。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、显微硬度计和滑动磨损试验机对复合涂层的显微组织、硬度、耐磨性进行了研究。结果表明:熔敷层组织为TiC、TiB2和α-Fe,TiC以四面体和花瓣状先析出,后析出的TiB2多以六边形、短棒状存在,涂层中TiB2含量大于TiC含量;熔敷层与基体呈冶金结合,无裂纹、气孔等缺陷;涂层维氏硬度为8300～9000MPa,比基体提高近4倍;最大耐磨性比基体提高近20倍,在室温干滑动磨损试验条件下具有优异的耐磨损性能。     

Ti6Al4V合金表面氩弧熔覆原位合成TiC-TiB2增强钛基复合涂层组织与耐磨性

以B4C和Ni60A粉末为预涂材料,采用氩弧熔覆技术,在Ti6Al4V合金表面原位合成TiC与TiB₂增强相增强钛基复合材料涂层.运用XRD,SEM等分析手段研究了复合涂层的显微组织,利用显微硬度仪测试了复合涂层的显微硬度并用磨损试验机分析了其在室温干滑动磨损条件下的耐磨性能.结果表明,熔覆层组织主要由TiC和TiB₂组成,TiC颗粒和TiB₂颗粒弥散分布在基体上,TiC颗粒的尺寸为2~3μm,而呈长条状的TiB₂颗粒尺寸为3~5μm.显微硬度和耐磨性测试结果表明,该复合涂层显微维氏硬度高达1200MPa左右,复合涂层的耐磨性能比Ti6Al4V基体提高约20倍.     

35CrMnSi 表面氩弧熔覆原位自 生 TiC 复合涂层的组织及耐磨性

目的提高截齿的耐磨性,延长其使用寿命。方法利用氩弧熔覆技术在35CrMnSi钢表面制备TiC增强镍基复合涂层,分析涂层的显微组织和物相组成,测试涂层在室温下的显微硬度和耐磨性,并分析磨损机制。结果氩弧熔覆涂层的显微组织致密均匀,涂层与基体呈冶金结合,主要由TiC,γ-Ni,M23C6等物相组成。TiC颗粒呈块状,尺寸为1~2μm,弥散分布在涂层中。涂层硬度和耐磨性与(Ti+C)含量有关,熔覆粉末中(Ti+C)质量分数为20%时,涂层最高硬度可达1190HV,耐磨性达到基体的7.5倍。结论熔覆涂层的显微硬度较基体有显著提高。在室温冲击载荷作用下,熔覆涂层的主要磨损机制为显微切削磨损,可大大提高基体材料的耐磨性能。     

氩弧熔敷原位自生TiCp/Ni60A复合材料组织和耐磨性

利用氩弧熔敷技术在16Mn钢表面原位合成TiC增强Ni基复合材料耐磨涂层.采用XRD、SEM等手段分析涂层的组织,测试涂层的室温干滑动磨损性能.结果表明:其室温干滑动磨损机制为显微切削磨损,熔敷层与基体呈冶金结合,TiC颗粒均弥散分布于熔敷层中.涂层有较高的硬度,在室温干滑动磨损试验条件下具有优异的耐磨性.     

TC4钛合金表面激光熔覆复合涂层的组织和耐磨性

采用5 kW横流CO₂激光器,在TC4钛合金表面熔覆TiC、TiB₂与Ni的混合粉末,制备了无气孔、无裂纹、组织均匀致密的复合涂层。用SEM、EDS、XRD、显微硬度计以及立式万能摩擦磨损试验机分析了激光熔覆层的显微组织、成分和物相,测试了激光熔覆层横截面显微硬度,以及覆层耐磨性能。结果表明,激光熔覆复合涂层与基体呈冶金结合;熔覆层组织从表层到结合区呈现出由棒状、块状向树枝状、颗粒状转变的趋势,且主要由Ti、TiC、TiB、Ti₂Ni、TiNi等相组成;熔覆层显微硬度最高可达863 HV0.2,为基体的2.5倍;熔覆层耐磨性能较TC4钛合金明显提高。     

SrxBa1-xBi4Ti4O15陶瓷及SrBi4Ti4O15／BaBi4Ti4O15复合材料的性能研究

采用固相烧结工艺制备了SrxBa1-xBi4Ti4O15铁电陶瓷和SrBi4Ti4O15／BaBi4Ti4O15铁电复合材料。在固相反应过程中，680℃时SrBi4Ti4O15或BaBi4Ti4O15开始生成：800℃时材料主晶相基本形成，但是还有微量焦绿石相存在；850℃时SrBi4Ti4O15或BaBi4Ti4O15的主要衍射峰全部出现。随着Ba含量的增加，SrxBa1-xBi4Ti4O15陶瓷的居里温度逐渐降低。Sr0.5Ba0.5Bi4Ti4O15，陶瓷的介电常数峰在高频时较宽，在100Hz时，介电常数峰被随温度升高而逐渐增大的介电常数所“屏蔽”，材料介电损耗随温度升高而增大，但在低频下增加得更快，这是高温下由氧空位引起的电子松弛极化造成的。将预烧后的SrBi4Ti4O15和BaBi4Ti4O15粉体分别造粒后冉均匀混合，压片成型，经烧结制得的SrBi4Ti4O15／BaBi4Ti4O15复合陶瓷其相变弥散特性明显优于SrxBa1-xBi4Ti4O15的相变弥散特性。     

快速凝固Al—4Cr—4Zr—2Ti合金的时效特性

利用透射电镜观察了Al-4Cr-4Zr-2Ti（原子百分比）合金的显微组织,并测定了相应的显微硬度。结果表明：快凝合金在400℃,4h时效达到峰值硬度,Hv达2420MPa,此时的析出相为Al13Cr2和与基体共格的亚稳相Ll2-Al3Zr。合金经400℃,96h时效后的显微硬度与急冷态硬度和峰值硬度相比仅分别下降10％和14％。而500℃,4h时效后,由于Ll2-Al3Zr转变为DO23－Al3Zr并且析出相粗化,导致合金硬度急剧下降。     

Inhibierung von wässerigen und alkoholisch wässerigen Wärmeträgern

Inhibition of aqueous and alcoholic-aqueous heat-carriers To examine the effect of corrosion inhibitors mainly ®Preventol CI-2 in aqueous and aqueous alcoholic heat transfer media gravimetric and electrochemical corrosion tests were carried out with the materials grey cast iron, unalloyed steel, copper, brass, lead-tin-solder, aluminium and aluminium alloys up to a temperature of 90°C. In the presence of the inhibitor Preventol CI-2 uniform layers from 10 to ? 50 nm thickness are found on the metal surfaces and the measured massloss (ASTM, EMPA) decreased decidedly. Local corrosion as occurs e.g. by insufficient concentration of inhibitors forming surface layers, was found in none of the cases. The electrochemical examinations confirm the results of the chemical tests and provide indications with regard to the effective mechanisms. The influence of temperature and flow rate on the protective efficiency of the inhibitor can be showed. It is possible to eliminate the risk of galvanic corrosion by contacting copper and aluminium. The cavitation corrosion of grey cast iron is also appreciably reduced. Preventol CI-2 is a broad spectrum inhibitor for aqueous and aqueous alcoholic heat transfer media.     

Order-disorder phase transition in NH4AlF4

In this study we calculate the specific heat C_VI for NH₄AlF₄ due to the nearest-neighbor interactions between the NH⁺ ₄ tetrahedra using an Ising model superimposed on an Einstein and/or Debye model. The specific heat C_VI calculated using a power-law formula is in good agreement with the observed C_P for the NH₄AlF₄ system. This is an indication that NH₄AlF₄ undergoes a weak first-order or a nearly second-order phase transition as predicted by our model.     

Homogenität und Korrosionsbeständigkeit hochlegierter Stähle

Homogeneity and corrosion resistance of high alloy steels A major number of case histories in the chemical industry are due to local corrosion the origin of which can be attributed to the inhomogeneity of the steels produced according to conventional melting process. Special processes such as electro slag remelting may give rise to a considerable increase in structural homogeneity of corrosion resistant alloys. Typical examples are increased resistance to nitric acid, Streicher's solution, seawater or reaction mixtures of urea synthesis. These results clearly demonstrate the superiority of the material which is largely free from inhomogeneities such as segregations which give rise to local corrosion phenomena.     

Widerstandsfähigkeit hitzebeständiger Stähle gegen Aufkohlung

Cementation resistance of heat-resistant steels The cementation process in atmosphere used for the cementation of unalloyed and low-alloyed steels has been examined in 79 melts of Cr and CrNi steels. A characteristic feature was the simultaneous cementation and oxidation of the steels, with characteristic differences depending on the steel composition. These differences can be explained by the different composition and structure of the oxide layers which appear at the outset and may, in certain circumstances, inhibit the carbon diffusion into the interior of the metal. Sometimes, however, an inner oxidation may also occur below a cemented zone. In principle, elements capable of improving the heat resistance — e.g. Ni, Si, Cr, Al — have a favourable effect whilst Mn has a markedly unfavourable effect. The favourable effect of Ti, recently observed, is probably connected with the grain-refining effect.     

SKT4

正SKT4钢具有良好的韧性、强度和高耐磨性;在室温和500~600℃时力学性能几乎相同,加热到500℃时,仍能保持住300 HB左右的硬度;由于钢中含有钼,因而对回火脆性并不敏感;从600℃缓慢冷却下来后,冲击韧性仅稍有降低;具有良好的淬透性,300 mm×400 mm×300 mm的大块钢料,自820℃油淬和560℃回     

YXM4

正YXM4为钨钢高速度钢,适宜于制造强力切割用耐磨,耐冲击各种工具,高级冲模,螺丝模,较需韧性及形状繁杂工具,铣刀,钻头等。化学成份(%):0. 87～0. 95 C;0. 45 Si;0. 40 Mn; 3. 80～4. 50 Cr; 5. 90～6. 70 W; 1. 70～2. 10 Mo;4. 80 V。热处理:锻造温度1100～900℃;退火温度800～850℃,保温2～4 h后随炉冷却;淬火温度,先预热至550～600℃,二次预热至950℃,再加热至奥氏体温度1220～1250℃或1200～1230℃,油淬,油温必须40～60℃;回火温度550～570℃,在静止空气中冷却,重复二次;硬度63 HRC以上;退火硬度265 HBS,淬火回火硬度 63 HRS。     

Phase diagrams of Li2MoO4-Na2MoO4 and Na2MoO4-K2MoO4 systems

The phase diagrams of the Li2MoO4-Na2MoO4 and Na2MoO4-K2MoO4 systems have been reassessed using differential thermal analysis together with high-temperature and room-temperature X-ray diffraction analysis. The results showed that the compound Li2MoO4.6Na2MoO4 did not exist; however, it confirmed the existence of the compound Li2MoO4.3Na2MoO4 in the Li2MoO4-Na2MoO4 systen＇ls. With regard to the system of Na2MoO4-K2MoO4, we could not confirm the results reported by Bukhanova who claimed that the system was eutectic type with 1：1 and 1：2 intermediate compounds, refuting the statement of Amadori who thought there was an apparent phase boundary at high temperature in α-solid solution region of the Na2MoO4-K2MoO4 binary system. The revised phase diagrams of these systems are illustrated in this article. These experimental results are in agreement with the computerized prediction using the support vector machine-atomic parameter method for the assessment of phase diagrams.