等离子体表面熔覆Fe-Cr-Si-B涂层的显微组织与溶质分布

用常压弧光等离子体在45#钢表面熔覆Fe-Cr-Si-B粉末涂层,采用电子探针、透射电镜、X射线衍射仪及显微硬度计对熔覆层的成分、组织、结构及性能进行了分析.结果表明熔覆层由A(Me)+F(Me)+Me23C6等组成,且A与Me23C6保持共格关系,F与Me23C6保持位向平行关系;熔覆层中B、C、Fe成分分布较均匀,Ce存在明显的波峰,表明有Ce存在;Cr存在界面"梯度扩散层”;显微硬度在HV0.05700左右.A、F良好的强韧性,M23C6硬化及共格强化使得熔覆层性能优良.     

用菊池衍射测定M7C3碳化物与奥氏体间的位向关系

用菊池衍射测定相间位向关系新技术对一种白口铸铁中M7C3型碳化物的晶体学进行了研究。结果表明 ,在这一材料中至少M7C3型碳化物属于正交晶系 ,而非一般认为的六方晶系。发现了三种M7C3型碳化物与奥氏体间的位向关系。它们是 :(151) C∥ (111) A,[10 1]C∥ [10 1]A 和(311) C∥ (111) A,[0 11]C∥ [0 11　 ]A 以及 (2 4 1) C∥ (111) A,[112 ]C∥ [10 1]A。应用最近提出的“Edge to edge”Matching理论可对这一结果作出合理的解释。     

发动机缸体内壁的激光熔覆层性能研究

采用激光熔覆技术对发动机缸体内壁进行表面改性,通过改变激光束扫描速度的方法研究Ni50和Ni60合金粉末对熔覆层组织与性能的影响。结果表明,Ni50合金熔覆层的主要物相为γ-Ni、FeNi3、(Fe,Ni)23C6、Ni3Si和Ni3B,Ni60合金熔覆层的主要物相为γ-Ni、FeNi3、Cr7C3和Cr23C6。在同样的摩擦磨损条件下,Ni60合金熔覆层的耐磨性高于Ni50合金熔覆层。     

等离子熔覆TiC/Fe基熔覆层显微组织及碳化物演变机理分析

目的 为了提高3Cr13马氏体不锈钢的硬度和耐磨性,在其表面制备TiC/Fe基熔覆层,分析熔覆层组织的均匀性及碳化物类型,探究碳化物演变机理和对熔覆层硬度的影响规律。方法 采用等离子同步送粉熔覆,在3Cr13不锈钢基材上熔覆球形TiC/Fe基熔覆层。利用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射、能谱仪分析熔覆层微观形貌特征、相组成以及析出相的元素分布规律,利用显微硬度计测量熔覆层的硬度。结果 随着TiC添加量的增加,熔覆层中的Ti和C元素含量也增加,说明有部分TiC熔解。未添加TiC的熔覆层组织主要是Fe-Cr固溶体和(Fe、Cr)7C3,TiC/Fe基熔覆层的为Fe-Cr固溶体和TiC、(Fe、Cr)3C2、(Fe、Cr)7C3。两种熔覆层中的析出相主要以(Fe、Cr)7C3为主,但在TiC/Fe基熔覆层中还存在其熔解后重新析出的TiC及过渡相(Fe、Cr)3C2。TiC添加量增加,熔覆层显微硬度也增加。结论 TiC/Fe基熔覆层中的第二相除(Fe、Cr)7C3,还有原始TiC、析出的TiC和(Fe、Cr)3C2。在研究范围内,随着TiC添加量增加,熔覆层中熔解的TiC量也增加。析出的TiC可以作为(Fe3Cr4)C3的有效形核质点,促进(Fe3Cr4)C3的形成,形成过程是(Fe、Cr)3C2以析出的TiC为形核核心形核长大,随后相变为更加稳定的(Fe、Cr)7C3,在快速冷却过程中有未转变完的(Fe、Cr)3C2保留下来。熔覆层中的原始TiC、析出的TiC、生成的(Fe、Cr)7C3和(Fe、Cr)3C2作为硬质相提高了熔覆层的硬度。     

铁基自熔合金光束熔覆层的微观组织及强化机理

采用SEM、EDS、X射线衍射及显微硬度和洛氏硬度分析手段研究了铁基自熔合金粉末光束熔覆层的微观组织及其物相组成。结果表明,Fe-Ni-Cr-B-Si合金粉末的光束熔覆层微观组织由固溶于大量Cr,及少量B,Si,C的γ（Fe,Ni)树枝晶,枝晶间（Cr,Fe)7(C,B)3 γ（Fe,Ni)共晶所构成,光束熔覆层的宏观硬度达HRC47．3,高于同种材料喷涂层及TIG熔覆层的硬度。Cr,Si元素在γ相中的固溶,枝晶间共晶（Cr,Fe)7(C,B）3高硬度相的析出是光束熔覆层得以强化的主要原因。     

Ni3Al基金属粉芯焊丝的堆焊工艺性研究

采用非熔化极气体保护焊(TIG)进行熔覆堆焊,研究Ni3Al及Ni3Al+Cr3C2金属间化合物基金属粉芯焊丝在45#钢、304不锈钢、42CrMo合金钢、4Cr14Ni14W2Mo耐热不锈钢基板上的熔覆层组织和性能.结果表明:(1)Ni3Al+Cr3C2熔覆后的平均稀释率(34.55％)低于Ni3Al熔覆后的平均稀释率(42.8％);(2)采用纯Ni3Al金属粉芯焊丝堆焊后的熔覆层主要为单一的γ'-Ni3Al相,采用Ni3Al+Cr3C2时,熔覆层主要由γ'-Ni3Al相MC型及M23C6型碳化物组成;(3)Ni3Al+Cr3C2熔覆层的显微硬度显著高于纯Ni3Al熔覆层;(4)采用Ni3Al、Ni3Al+Cr3C2金属粉芯焊丝在4种实验基板上熔覆,焊道冶金结合良好、润湿良好,堆焊后缺陷少,堆焊层硬度高于母材,能够用于相关材料表面增强熔覆.     

Zr65Al7.5Ni10Cu17.5块状非晶晶化过程的电镜研究

用透射电镜对Zr65Al7.5Ni10 Cu17.5块状非晶合金的晶化过程进行了研究。发现晶化过程的不同阶段相的组成是不同的。710K时 ,主要是tI CuZr2 相和tP Al2 Zr3 相 ,两者有固定的取向关系 :[0 10 ]tI∥ [0 10 ]tP,(10- 3) tI∥(2 0 2 ) tP。在 76 0K时 ,除了前面的两个相外 ,又出现了hP2 Al2 NiZr6相和hP3 α Zr相 ,两者也有固定取向关系 :[113]hP2 ∥ [0 0 1]hP3 ,(14- 1) hP2 ∥ (2 1- 0 ) hP3 。根据它们的晶格常数的相似性可以把晶化相归纳为两类 :tI ,oC ,hP3 和tP ,hP1,hP2 。这些相都是Zr基的 ,但前者富Cu和Ni,后者富Al。用电镜得到的结果来标定X射线衍射谱 ,结果吻合很好。     

激光熔覆FeCrNiMo合金涂层的组织与性能

使用激光多道搭接法在45钢基材表面熔覆Fe Ci Ni Mo粉末涂层,对其微观组织特征和性能进行了分析,揭示了熔覆层组织形成的过程和机理。结果表明:所获得的熔覆层致密、无裂纹、无气孔;Fe Co Ni Mo合金熔覆层主要相结构是γ-(Fe-Ni)固溶体,含有少量的M_2B、M_(22)(CB)_6、M_(23)C_6、(Cr Si)_3Ni_2Si相,熔覆层具有良好的硬度,可达32～38HRC。熔覆层的耐腐蚀性优良,表明所制备的材料可在磨耐、腐蚀环境下应用。     

等离子熔覆Fe-Cr-C合金涂层工艺优化及性能研究

目的采用等离子熔覆技术在Q235钢表面制备Fe-Cr-C合金熔覆层,提高基材表面的硬度和耐磨性。方法通过正交试验确定最佳工艺参数,用SEM、EDS、XRD分析熔覆层的组织结构和物相,用显微硬度计和摩擦磨损试验机测试熔覆层的硬度和耐磨性。结果工作电流和送粉速度对等离子熔覆层的硬度和磨损量的综合影响最为显著,最佳工艺参数为:工作电流110 A,扫描速度110 mm/min,送粉速度6 r/min,搭接率40%,离子气流量1 L/h。熔覆层硬质相为(Cr,Fe)_7C_3,其余物相为γ-Fe、(Fe,Cr)、(Fe,Ni)、(Fe,C)、(Fe,Ni)_(23)C_6、Cr_7C_3、Ni_3Si、Fe_3Mo、Fe_2Nb。最优参数试样熔覆层的平均显微硬度为545.1HV_(0.5),比Q235钢基体的硬度高3倍左右。经过5 h摩擦磨损试验后,其总磨损量为0.25 g,比基体磨损量减少约2/3;磨损体积为45.09 mm~3,约为基体磨损体积的1/3;磨损率为1.22×10~(-4) mm~3/(N·m),约为基体磨损率的1/3;摩擦系数为0.23,约为基体摩擦系数的1/2。结论在Q235钢基体表面采用等离子熔覆技术制备出Fe-Cr-C合金熔覆层,其硬度和耐磨性能得到显著提升。     

激光熔覆Mo2NiB2-Cr7C3复合陶瓷熔覆层组织结构与性能研究

目的 采用激光熔覆法在45#钢表面制备耐磨耐蚀的Mo2NiB2-Cr7C3复合陶瓷熔覆层,并研究制备工艺对组织结构与性能的影响.方法 采用3 mm/s与4 mm/s的激光扫描速率及添加Cr7C3颗粒的工艺,激光熔覆制备Mo2NiB2-Cr7C3熔覆层.利用扫描电镜、X射线能谱仪、X射线衍射仪对熔覆层的组织结构、元素分布与物相组成进行分析.利用维氏显微硬度计、摩擦磨损仪与电化学工作站对熔覆层的硬度、摩擦性能与腐蚀性能进行分析.结果 Mo2NiB2-Cr7C3复合陶瓷熔覆层与45#钢基材间存在熔合过渡区,形成良好的冶金结合.熔覆层物相主要由Mo2NiB2、Cr7C3、{FeNi}合金相组成,其中Mo2NiB2相与Cr7C3相在熔覆层中间位置处聚集,3 mm/s扫描速率增加了{FeNi}相的含量.熔覆层的显微硬度由表及里先增后减,最高值可达1300HV0.1以上,可提高45#钢的硬度(220HV0.1)6倍.相较于45#钢,熔覆层具有更低的摩擦因数、磨损量与更优的耐腐蚀性能,其中4 mm/s制备的Mo2NiB2-Cr7C3硬度最高,耐磨性能最优(平均摩擦因数为0.66,磨痕深度为8.6μm),耐腐蚀性能最好(腐蚀电流比45#钢低1个数量级).结论 较高的扫描速率(4 mm/s)与Cr7C3颗粒的添加可有效提高Mo2NiB2-Cr7C3熔覆层的机械与耐腐蚀性能,可用于45#钢的表面改性.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

Information for Contributors

正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis     

Preface

<正>We are pleased to present this Special Issue of Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China containing selected papers from the First Asian Conference on Aluminum Alloys(ACAA-2013),held in Beijing,China,13–17 October 2013.This conference has been initiated,with approval of     

Information for Contributors

The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China, is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology, including mineral processing, extraction metallurgy, metallic materials and heat treatments, metal working, physical metallurgy, powder metallurgy, with the emphasis on fundamental science. It is the unique preeminent publication in English for scientists, engineers, under/post-graduates on the field of nonferrous metals industry. This journal is covered by many famous abstract/index systems and databases such as SCI Expanded, Ei Compendex Plus, 1NSPEC, CA, METADEX, AJ and JICST.