质子交换膜燃料电池极板及其表面改性研究进展

在质子交换膜燃料电池（Proton exchange membrane fuel cells,PEMFCs）的部件中,双极板是重要组成部分。双极板约占燃料电池成本、质量、体积的40 %、80 %、50 %。传统的PEMFC因为石墨双极板的材料、工艺等问题,造成其体积和质量较大,这增加了汽车的重量,缩小了汽车底盘地可用空间,影响了质子交换膜燃料电池汽车的性能。因此开发体积小、成本低、制备工艺简单的双极板对推进质子交换膜燃料电池的商业化应用具有重要意义。金属双极板因其成本低、力学性能好、导电性、导热性、体积相对易控等特点,在PEMFC领域备受关注。但金属双极板在PEMFC环境中易生成钝化膜,导致其接触电阻增加。因此,如何在提高金属双极板耐蚀性的同时,保持良好的导电性,是当前对PEMFC研究的重点。本文综述了石墨、复合材料和金属双极板制备工艺及表面改性方法。讨论了双极板及其表面碳化物涂层、金属涂层和氮化物涂层的优缺点,并比较了这些涂层在PEMFC环境下的耐腐蚀性和界面接触电阻性能。     

质子交换膜燃料电池金属双极板的腐蚀与表面防护研究进展

    双极板是质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)的核心多功能部件,占据电池组重量和成本的绝大部分.目前PEMFC双极板材料主要有石墨、金属及相关复合材料.与石墨类材料相比,金属材料在强度、抗气体渗透、规模化生产及加工成薄板以提高电池比功率等方面显示明显优势,但其面临的主要挑战是腐蚀问题,这导致电池性能下降.为此,国内外围绕金属双极板的腐蚀与防护问题开展了广泛研究,并取得了长足进展.本文对此进行了简要评述.     

质子交换膜燃料电池金属双极板表面改性研究进展

双极板是质子交换膜燃料电池（Proton exchange membrane fuel cell,PEMFC）的关键部件,对燃料电池的寿命、成本及性能具有重要影响。相比于石墨双极板和碳基复合材料双极板,金属双极板体积小、强度高、导电性能优异,已成为PEMFC双极板的主流材料。然而金属双极板易在PEFMC两极环境中产生腐蚀,且极板表面生成的氧化膜会降低其导电性,严重阻碍了金属双极板的进一步应用。从金属双极板基材选材、涂层结构设计及其性能等方面综述了金属双极板表面改性研究进展,特别探讨了金属双极板金属基涂层（贵金属、金属碳/氮化物、合金等）和碳基涂层（石墨、导电聚合物、无定型碳等）的最新研究成果,从涂层的膜基结合强度、耐蚀性、导电性和疏水性等方面探讨了现有涂层的优劣,涂层结构复合和纳米化有助于提升涂层的致密性,同时可进一步提升涂层导电性和耐蚀性。如何降低金属双极板材料和表面改性成本,提高极板耐蚀性、导电性和可靠性成为双极板研究的趋势,其对PEFMC性能提升和产业化推进具有重大意义。     

质子交换膜燃料电池用不锈钢双极板的腐蚀与表面改性研究进展

双极板是质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)的核心组件之一,占电池组重量和成本的大部分。不锈钢由于具有强度高、导电、传热性好以及耐腐蚀等优点,因此被作为双极板材料。然而,在PEMF℃环境下,不锈钢会发生腐蚀并且表面会产生高电阻钝化膜,从而降低电池性能。为此,国内外研究者对不锈钢双极板的腐蚀与表面处理展开了广泛的研究,本文对此进行了详细阐述。     

质子交换膜燃料电池金属双极板材料研究进展

双极板在质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)中具有隔离反应介质、收集电流、提供气体通道的作用，金属材料用于双极板面临腐蚀及表面层钝化影响电池性能等问题．在介绍了研究金属双极板性能的方法，包括接触电阻测试、电池极化性能测试、模拟电化学方法等测试方法的同时，着重介绍了在双极板中应用的不同种类铁基金属材料、轻金属材料的性能及各种表面涂层技术的研究进展．简单介绍了PEMFC中，金属双极板材料研究所应重点解决的技术问题．     

质子交换膜燃料电池双极板防护涂层研究进展

质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)作为第4代发电技术,具有结构紧凑、体积小、能量密度高、效率高、启动快、低温运行以及零排放的绝对优势,被认为是现阶段理想的清洁能源之一,是未来新能源汽车理想的供能部件,受到各国学者的广泛关注。双极板作为PEMFC重要的组成部件之一,不仅能够将单电池串联、并联或是混合联结形成电池堆,起到支撑作用,还能够隔绝阴极、阳极的反应气体,排出电池堆反应产生的热量和水,对PEMFC电池堆的性能至关重要。合适的双极板材料要具有优异的导电性和耐腐蚀性,已成为PEMFC研究领域的一个热点。简述了PEMFC的工作原理以及近年来石墨双极板、金属双极板以及复合双极板的研究情况,指出了PEMFC在工作条件下对金属双极板的性能要求及改性难题。着重对不锈钢双极板的表面涂层改性进行了研究,列举了碳基涂层、金属及其化合物涂层、导电高分子聚合物涂层、疏水涂层等一系列涂层的研究进展和性能,分析对比了它们在PEMFC双极板表面改性中的优缺点。分析结果表明,过渡金属碳、氮化物以及碳/陶瓷复合涂层具有良好的导电性和耐蚀性且成本较低,是当前以及未来的研究热点,同时如何增强涂层与基体的结合力,也是今后双极...     

燃料电池金属极板成形规律

双极板是质子交换膜燃料电池的核心组件之一,采用薄金属板制备双极板能够提高燃料电池的比功率、降低生产成本。文章运用有限元软件对薄金属极板的成形过程进行模拟,分析了板料在成形过程中的应变分布、厚度分布、延伸率等模拟结果,总结出蛇形流场结构金属极板的成形规律,并成功应用于实验中。该研究工作为全尺寸金属双极板的制备提供了可靠依据。     

固体氧化物燃料电池电解质和电极材料的研究进展

固体氧化物燃料电池（SOFC）具有能量转换率高、比能量高、效率高、低排放、燃料可以连续供给等一系列优点,因而受到人们的普遍关注。本文对SOFC的电解质和电极材料的研究进展做了介绍,并指出了其研究中遇到的问题和今后发展的方向。     

氢燃料电池中钛双极板研究进展

钛及钛合金密度低、比强度高且在酸性环境中耐蚀性优异,在氢燃料电池双极板中具有较高的应用价值。回顾了近年来氢燃料电池用钛双极板的研究进展,详述了钛双极板表面改性技术的研究成果,包括掺杂合金元素、钛表面涂覆金属基涂层(贵金属、金属碳/氮化物等)和碳基涂层(石墨、无定型碳等)。涂层结构组织的复合化和纳米化,有利于提升钛双极板的耐蚀性、导电性和疏水性,其对于提升氢燃料电池的性能及保证其运行的稳定性和耐久性具有重要作用。     

燃料电池双极板制备工艺及其热压机设计研究

燃料电池是最有前景的电源储备方式之一,双极板是燃料电池中重要组成部分。由于燃料电池的双极板种类繁多,其生产制备工艺和专用热压机装备研发一直是制约燃料电池发展的难点问题,本文在现有双极板制备工艺等对压机要求的基础上,提出双极板热压机的功能要求、设计要求、结构特点和模具设计要求,为双极板压机的设计生产提供参考依据。     

Development of a kilowatt class PEMFC stack using Au-coated LF11 Al alloy bipolar plates

Investigations on alternative material for bipolar plates of PEMFC (polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell) are becoming a research hotspot for many fuel cell researchers. In this paper, LF11 Al alloy bipolar plates via a surface plasma Au plating preparation were applied as bipolar plates. Performances and duration times of PEMFC single cells using graphite; Au-coated LF11 Al bipolar (ALABP) and Au-coated 316L stainless steel plates were compared. It was shown that ALABP exhibited preferable properties. Based on the preparations illustrated above, a kilowatt class proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack consisting of 30 cells was successfully assembled. Pure hydrogen and air were used as the fuel and oxidant, respectively, in the stack. External humidification was employed and cycle cooling water was used to remove the heat from the reaction in order to maintain a constant temperature. A Nafion 1135 membrane and Johnson-Matthy platinum on carbon with a Pt loading of 0.4 mg/cm² were adopted as the electrolyte and catalyst, respectively. The working temperature of the stack ranged from 25 to 100°C. The stack typically worked well under conditions in which the pressure ratio of H₂/air was 0.2/0.22 MPa. The output power, current and voltage were 1–1.3 kW, 40–80 A, and 26–20 V, respectively. The normal current density of the electrode was 200–800 mA/cm², and the energy efficiency of the stack was 51%.     

Surface modification by carbon ion implantation for the application of ni-based amorphous alloys as bipolar plate in proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Ni-based amorphous alloys with surface modification by carbon ion implantation are proposed as an alternative bipolar plate material for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Both Ni₆₀Nb₂₀Ti₁₀Zr₁₀ alloys with and without carbon ion implantation have corrosion resistance as good as graphite as well as much lower contact resistance than 316L stainless steel in the PEMFC environment. The formation of conductive surface carbide due to carbon ion implantation results in a decrease in the contact resistance to a level comparable to that of graphite. This combination of excellent properties indicates that carbon ion implanted Ni-based amorphous alloys can be potential candidate materials for bipolar plates in PEMFCs.     

A comparison of carbon coated and uncoated 316L stainless steel for using as bipolar plates in PEMFCs

Two kinds of carbon coated and uncoated 316L stainless steel are studied to use as bipolar plates in fuel cells. The results show that the conductive amorphous carbon film has a low corrosion rate in simulated PEMFC environment. Rather long term potentiostatic tests and SEM investigations indicate that carbon thin films can be a good candidate to use as bipolar plate.     

Atmospheric Plasma Surface Modification on Stainless Steel Bipolar Plate in PEMFC

In this research,stainless steel bipolar plates for proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC)have been treated by an atmospheric plasma surface modification technology.The chemical composition and thickness of the oxide film formed by plasma are conducted to verify by Auger electron spectroscopy(AES).Pitting resistance,potentiodynamic polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)are measured to evaluate the corrosion mechanism and electrochemical properties.The results show that the treated plates have a much thicker oxide film which leads to higher pitting potential,improved corrosion rate,less and smaller pitting holes than those without treatment.The stable chemical and electrochemical properties of the treated stainless steel bipolar plate indicate the stabilization of cell performance and longer service life.     

质子交换膜燃料电池双极板化学镀Ni-Cu-P表面改性

针对不锈钢作为燃料电池双极板存在的接触电阻高等问题,通过化学镀Ni-Cu-P对其进行表面改性,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱(EDS)分析、界面接触电阻测试和模拟燃料电池环境腐蚀性能试验等方法,研究了表面改性对不锈钢双极板性能的影响。结果表明,经过化学镀Ni-Cu-P处理的双极板接触电阻大为降低,并且在模拟质子交换膜电池腐蚀环境下耐腐蚀性能得到较大提高。     

Plain carbon steel bipolar plates for PEMFC

Bipolar plates are a multifunctional component of PEMFC. Comparing with the machined graphite and stainless steels, the plain carbon steel is a very cheap commercial metal material. In this paper, the possibility of applying the plain carbon steels in the bipolar plate for PEMFC was exploited. In order to improve the corrosion resistance of the low carbon steel in the PEMFCs' environments,two surface modification processes was developed and then the electrochemical performances and interfacial contact resistance (ICR) of the surface modified plate of plain carbon steel were investigated. The results show that the surface modified steel plates have good corrosion resistance and relatively low contact resistance, and it may be a candidate material as bipolar plate of PEMFC.