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1.
金属毒性研究(Ⅰ)   总被引:16,自引:2,他引:14  
采用体外细胞培养模式,通过测定细胞碱式磷酸酶(ALP)活性及细胞四甲基偶氮砜(MTT)还原能力,对构成金属和合金生物材料的金属离子(Al,Ni,Cr,V,Ag)的毒性进行了定量评估,探讨了金属离子或原子对人体组织的毒害和腐蚀作用,结果表明微量六价铬离子表现出强烈的细胞毒性,当溶液离子度高于100umol/L时,钒和镍亦表现强烈毒性,银离子和三价铬离子浓度高于500umol/L后表现毒性,构成老年痴呆病成因的金属铝离子的毒性具有双向性。  相似文献   

2.
利用高能球磨法制备了钙钛矿型硫酸盐掺杂的含钛高炉渣光催化剂,考察了初始pH值对Cr(Ⅵ)-柠檬酸-硝酸铁(Cr(Ⅵ)-CA-FN)复合体系中Cr(Ⅵ)吸附效率和光催化还原效率的影响,并探讨了Cr(Ⅵ)-CA-FN复合体系中Cr(Ⅵ)可能的光催化还原机理.结果表明:在Cr(Ⅵ)-CA-FN复合体系中,酸性条件下有利于Cr(Ⅵ)的光催化还原,最佳pH值为2.5;柠檬酸和Fe(Ⅲ)降低了吸附对Cr(Ⅵ)还原率的影响,有效地抑制电子-空穴对的复合,促进光生电子还原Cr(Ⅵ)离子;六价铬浓度的降低一部分是光催化还原所致,另一部分是由于催化剂本身含有的二价锰离子还原所致.  相似文献   

3.
生物修复是一种环境友好型的修复技术,在铬污染土壤修复中发挥着越来越重要的作用。为了研究土著微生物对土壤中Cr(Ⅵ)的还原过程,在生物反应器里进行一系列微生物好氧培养实验。结果显示:在土著微生物存在情况下,在铬污染土壤中添加培养基使Cr(Ⅵ)浓度在66h内从1521.9降低至199.2mg/kg,而灭菌土壤中Cr(Ⅵ)浓度稍微降低,表明Cr(Ⅵ)的还原归因于土著微生物的作用。在微生物修复过程中,Cr(Ⅵ)的生物还原发生在NO3-、Mn4+和Fe3+的还原后,而先于SO42-的还原。Cr(Ⅵ)还原过程可分为两个阶段,分别以生物还原作用的指数方程模型和主要离子综合效应的线性方程模型为特征。土著Cr(Ⅵ)还原菌在Cr(Ⅵ)污染土壤的原位修复中具有潜在的应用前景。  相似文献   

4.
医用金属材料离子释放机制、致病机理及防护   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
结合近年来国内外医用钛合金等金属材料在生物体和人体临床应用研究成果,研究了人体植入物等医用金属材料中Ni、Al、V等有害离子的释放机制、致病机理及防护(涂层)方法。系统分析了常用医用金属材料Ti6Al4V和Ti Ni形状记忆合金等钛合金在腐蚀等作用下有害离子的释放机制,有害离子及其形成化合物对人体的毒性作用,和常用表面改性技术制备涂层对于有害离子的抑制和防护作用。研究结果表明,近年来发展起来的表面改性技术显著提高钛合金耐蚀性,可以有效抑制有害离子的释放,提高钛合金的生物相容性。  相似文献   

5.
腐殖质AQS存在条件下腐败希瓦氏菌还原U(Ⅵ)的特性   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
在厌氧条件下,研究腐败希瓦氏菌还原U(Ⅵ)的特性,考察腐殖质模式物蒽醌2磺酸钠(AQS)浓度、金属离子(Cu2+、Ca2+、Cr6+等)与有毒有机物等对U(Ⅵ)还原的影响。结果表明:腐败希瓦氏菌可以利用一些有机酸盐作为电子供体,以AQS作为电子穿梭载体,进行醌呼吸,高效还原U(Ⅵ)。当AQS的浓度为0~2 mmol/L时,能显著加速U(Ⅵ)的还原过程;当AQS的浓度高于2 mmol/L时,随着AQS浓度从2 mol/L增加到10 mol/L,AQS与U(Ⅵ)竞争电子,明显抑制U(Ⅵ)的还原。同时,Ca2+和Cu2+对U(Ⅵ)的还原均表现出较强的抑制作用,Cu2+的抑制作用通过抑制呼吸链上脱氢酶的活性实现;但Mn2+和Cr6+对腐殖质还原U(Ⅵ)的影响较小,在60 h内,未观测到溶液中Cr6+浓度的明显变化。金属离子对还原U(Ⅵ)抑制作用的强度与其浓度正相关。环境中甲苯、三氯乙酸和对硝基苯酚等有毒有机物可以作为电子供体被腐败希瓦氏菌利用而降解,得到氧化降解,同时实现U(Ⅵ)的高效还原。  相似文献   

6.
Pannonibacter phragmitetus对Cr(Ⅵ)污染土壤的修复效应   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
在前期从铬渣污染土壤中分离筛选出高效还原Cr(Ⅵ)的土著微生物(Pannonibacter phragmitetus)的基础上,通过单因素实验对所筛选的土著微生物修复模拟铬污染土壤效应及其影响因素进行研究.结果表明: 土著微生物对土壤中Cr(Ⅵ)的修复受pH值、微生物接种量和初始Cr(Ⅵ)浓度的影响;pH值越高、微生物接种量越大而初始Cr(Ⅵ)浓度越低时,Cr(Ⅵ)的修复速率越快;所筛选的土著微生物在316 h内就能够完全还原污染土壤中浓度为360 mg/kg的Cr(Ⅵ);Cr(Ⅵ)的修复是土著微生物(Pannonibacter phragmitetus)通过酶促反应对Cr(Ⅵ)的直接还原所致.  相似文献   

7.
以Na_3AlF_6-AlF_3-MgF_2-LiF为电解质,Al_2O_3、Nd_2O_3为原料,对熔盐电解制备Al-Nd中间合金进行研究;采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱(EDS)分析合金产物的形貌及组成;通过还原实验和循环伏安法,对Nd(Ⅲ)离子在Na_3AlF_6-AlF_3-MgF_2-LiF体系中的还原过程进行表征。结果表明:在温度935℃、恒压3.2 V条件下,通过Na_3AlF_6-AlF_3-MgF_2-LiF-(Al_2O_3、Nd_2O_3)体系可电解得到Al-Nd中间合金,富钕相集中分布在铝基体晶界区域,Nd(Ⅲ)离子主要通过铝热还原形式进入合金相,且Nd_2O_3的加入可起到去极化作用,使Al(Ⅲ)离子扩散系数大幅提高。  相似文献   

8.
以Ag-Cu-Ni-Li为钎料对TiAl与40Cr进行了高频感应钎焊,研究了TiAl/40Cr钎焊接头的界面组织和力学性能.采用扫描电镜、电子探针、X射线能谱分析仪等分析了界面组织及生成相,测试了接头的抗拉强度及界面生成相的显微硬度.结果表明:钎料与2种母材发生界面生反应成Al3Ti、Ag[s,s]、Ti(CuAl) 2、Ti2Ni和TiC等多种反应相,接头界面结构Al/A为Til3Ti/Al3Ti十Ag[s,s]/Ti(CuAl)2 Ti2Ni Ag[s,s]/TiC/40Cr.在实验所选的工艺参数范围内,当连接温度θ=850℃,保温时间t=180 s时,接头的抗拉强度达到265 MPa.  相似文献   

9.
Al2O3和Cr过渡层对Ag膜光学性质及其附着力的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
研究了在玻璃基底上镀制Al2O3和Cr过渡层对Ag膜反射率及附着力的影响.分光光度计测试了Ag膜的反射率,结果表明,与Cr过渡层相比,Al2O3过渡层对Ag膜反射率的降低相对较小;而且,随着Al2O3厚度的增加,Ag膜的反射率先增大后减小.XRD与AES测试表明,引入Al2O3或Cr可明显细化Ag晶粒,减弱Ag膜(111)织构;Al2O3作过渡层时,Al原子向Ag层中扩散显著;而Cr作过渡层时,只有少量Cr原子扩散进入Ag层.因此,Al2O3作过渡层能显著增强薄膜与玻璃基体之间的附着力.  相似文献   

10.
采用二次离子质谱(SIMS)以及透射电镜(TEM)研究在683~723 K温度范围内Ni原子在Zr48Cu36Ag8Al8非晶合金中的扩散行为。在过冷液相区内,Ni原子在Zr48Cu36Ag8Al8非晶合金中的扩散系数满足单一的Arrhenius关系式,具有较低的激活能,在过冷液相区内其扩展数系数是一个随退火时间变化的函数。此外,在界面附近有大量的纳米晶形成,其宽度大于通过二次离子质谱检测到的Ni原子扩散深度。结果表明:原子互扩散是促使界面纳米晶形成的重要因素。  相似文献   

11.
In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.  相似文献   

12.
After nearly two years' tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry (SRIF), located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.  相似文献   

13.
Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.  相似文献   

14.
The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.  相似文献   

15.
Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.  相似文献   

16.
On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes' collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.  相似文献   

17.
The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.  相似文献   

18.
On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.  相似文献   

19.
A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.  相似文献   

20.
Fatigue damage increases with the applied loading cycles in a cumulative manner and the material deteriorates with the corrosion time. A cumulative fatigue damage rule under the alternative of corrosion or cyclic loading was proposed. The specimens of aluminum alloy LY12-CZ soaked in corrosive liquid for different times were tested under the constant amplitude cyclic loading to obtain S-N curves. The test was carried out to verify the proposed cumulative fatigue damage rule under the different combinations among corrosion time, loading level, and the cycle numbers. It was shown that the predicted residual fatigue lives showed a good agreement with the experimental results and the proposed rule was simple and can be easily adopted.  相似文献   

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