线能量密度对电子束增材制造W-Ni-Fe合金致密化过程的影响

采用粉床型电子束增材制造技术制备了90W-7Ni-3Fe高比重钨基合金,研究了不同的线能量密度对合金的显微组织及致密化过程的影响。结果表明:电子束增材制造成形的90W-7Ni-3Fe合金的组织由W颗粒和Ni-Fe固溶体粘结相组成,粘结相内溶解了一定量的W,随着线能量密度的增大,粘结相的含量及其内部W的含量增大;在不同的线能量密度下合金的致密化过程略有不同:在低的线能量密度下(0. 24 J/mm),合金的致密化过程主要是钨颗粒的粘结,随着线能量密度的升高(0. 3～0. 75 J/mm),出现了W颗粒的重排和W在Ni-Fe固溶体里的溶解-析出,随着能量密度继续增大(1. 0 J/mm),出现了一定量的钨颗粒的熔化和低熔点元素Ni、Fe的挥发,且随着钨在粘结相中的含量升高,合金的固溶强化作用增强,显微硬度相应提高。     

粉床型电子束3D打印纯钨及W-Nb合金的显微组织及开裂机制

采用粉床型电子束3D打印技术制备了纯钨及固溶强化型W-Nb合金,对两种钨基材料的显微组织和裂纹缺陷进行了分析。研究发现：二者均沿逐层累积的方向形成柱状晶,Nb元素的加入使柱状晶的平均尺寸由109.78μm降至25.10μm。纯钨并未发生明显的开裂现象,但是W-Nb合金内部存在少量沿晶界分布的微裂纹。从热应力累积和凝固过程两个方面分析了钨基材料开裂的原因,粉床型电子束3D打印过程包含了熔池的快速凝固-快速冷却-高温保温几个阶段,过程中纯钨及W-Nb合金均发生了回复与再结晶,使成形过程中累积的热应力得到一定的释放,缓解了热应力累积引起的开裂现象。W-Nb合金的开裂主要是由于凝固过程中液态金属无法短时间内在枝晶间进行充分流动补缩,形成大量沿晶界分布的纳米微缩孔,在微小的应力作用下就会造成合金沿晶界开裂。     

喷雾造粒预合金化W-Ni-Fe三元合金粉末及射频热等离子体致密球化研究

球形致密化的钨基（W-Ni-Fe）合金粉末对增材制造等粉末成形构件的强度等物理性能的提升具有重要意义。采用喷雾造粒和射频热等离子体高温致密球化处理的方式研究了W-Ni-Fe粉末经喷雾造粒后射频热等离子体处理对其合金粉末的形貌、孔隙等的作用效果。研究表明,经喷雾造粒后所形成的96W-2.5Ni-1.5Fe三元合金粉末显微组织结构疏松,内部中空洞较多且表面粗糙;射频热等离子体对喷雾造粒粉进行处理后其综合性能提高,球形粉表面孔洞及疏松现象有所缓解,但仍有部分颗粒表面与内部存在微孔,且致密球化后的W晶粒之间Ni、Fe相含有较高含量的W元素。     

激光增材制造Nb合金化GH4169合金组织分析

采用球磨合金化的方式,在常规GH4169合金粉末中添加Nb元素,利用激光增材制造技术成形了具有不同Nb含量的GH4169试样,研究了Nb含量对激光增材制造GH4169合金组织的影响。结果表明：激光增材制造Nb合金化GH4169合金显微晶粒结构仍为粗大柱状晶组织;随着Nb含量的增加,合金粉末在熔池中合金化反应放热量增多,使得柱状晶的生长方向由偏离激光束中心向外生长逐渐变化为朝向激光束中心向内生长。由于熔池中溶质浓度和粉末熔化放热量的增加,使得枝晶间γ+Laves共晶组织的数量增多,逐渐形成连续网状的共晶组织;DSC分析结果发现,随着Nb元素添加量的增加,共晶Laves相的初熔点升高,枝晶干γ相的熔点略有降低。另外,合金化改变了初生γ相的成分,枝晶干Nb元素含量最高浓度达到7.5wt.%,合金固溶强化作用得到加强。     

打印参数对电子束增材制造Ti-Ni合金性能的影响

利用SEM、XRD、DSC、TEM和等轴压缩等实验手段,研究和分析了打印参数焦距补偿(FO)和速度函数(SF)对电子束增材制造(EBM)制备的Ti-Ni合金显微组织、相组成、相变行为以及压缩性能的影响。结果表明:EBM打印参数FO和SF在一定范围内调节时均可制备出相对密度较高(97%以上)的Ti-Ni合金样品。由于EBM电子束的功率大,在预合金粉末快速受热熔化过程中,Ni元素的挥发效应大于富Ti相Ti2Ni析出效应对相变温度的影响,使得制备Ti-Ni块体的相变温度大于相应的预合金粉末,而打印参数FO和SF对制备样品的相变温度、相组成以及显微硬度的影响较小。EBM制备过程中在样品内部引入不同种类的缺陷类型,使得TiNi合金样品在相对密度接近的情况下压缩性能表现出极大的差异,其中贯穿型裂纹缺陷对压缩性能的影响最大,使Ti-Ni合金的强度和塑性大幅度降低。     

电子束选区熔化成形TC4合金显微组织与性能的研究进展

随着现代制造业的不断发展,增材制造技术获得了越来越多的应用,电子束选区熔化技术（EBSM）是一种粉末床熔融技术,是目前应用最为广泛的增材制造技术之一,可以成形出具有复杂结构和形状的高性能金属零件。成形工艺参数和热处理是影响电子束选区熔化成形TC4合金显微组织与性能的重要因素和主要调控手段,从这两方面对其进行综述,并展望其未来发展方向。     

由氧化还原法所得再生钨基高密度合金组织结构的研究

本文系统研究了93W-Ni-Fe-Co(Mn)合金切屑由氧化还原法所得回收粉的化学纯度、粒度、主量组分的存在状态及由此回收粉所制再生合金的显微和断口形貌,W晶粒与粘结相的组成,主要杂质元素的含量、结合状态与分布,同再生合金力学性能之间的关系。     

电子束增材制造技术用Ti-Ni预合金粉末性能研究

采用DSC、SEM 和XRD等测试手段研究和分析了电子束增材制造（EBM）技术用53~106 μm Ti-Ni预合金粉末的性能及其随热处理温度和热循环次数的变化规律。结果表明：预合金粉末粒度呈正态分布，粉末内部填充及球形度良好，适于EBM打印使用；随热处理温度的升高预合金粉末相组成不发生变化但组织和成分变得均匀，内应力和位错被消除，晶粒尺寸长大，使得其550 oC热处理后加热和冷却过程由多步相变转变为单步相变，650 oC热处理后相变点开始保持稳定，而750 oC热处理后达到最佳微烧结状态；预合金粉末在750 oC烧结热循环和保温过程中相组成、单步相变行为和相变点均不发生变化，具有良好的热循环稳定性；底板及粉末层采用750 oC预热温度成功制备出表面状态良好的Ti-Ni合金实体样品。     

激光增材再制造IN939修复区显微组织与拉伸性能研究

目的 研究采用IN939粉材对镍基高温部件增材修复的可行性,获得增材修复区微观组织与性能分布规律,为燃机部件修复提供支持.方法 探索了IN939合金激光熔覆成形工艺,并进一步开展了IN939增材修复镍基合金梯形槽试验研究,分析了增材修复区显微组织结构与物相组成,研究了激光再制造过程组织变化对修复区显微硬度、拉伸性能的影响.结果 IN939激光修复区形貌良好,组织致密,无明显裂纹、气孔等缺陷.熔覆层主要存在γ奥氏体相和Laves相.IN939修复区由底部至顶部,冷却速率逐渐减小,导致一次枝晶间距逐渐增大,Laves相分布先增多后略有减小.修复区界面处的平均横向残余拉应力为346 MPa.修复区显微硬度由底部至顶部呈现先增大后略有减小的趋势,修复区的平均显微硬度强于基体.修复件的平均屈服强度为548 MPa,极限抗拉强度为959 MPa.激光修复件的拉伸断裂于基体上,显示出IN939合金与基体良好的冶金结合.结论 激光增材修复后,IN939镍基合金修复区的机械性能与结合性能良好,采用IN939粉材进行镍基高温合金的激光增材修复具备可行性.     

电子束选区熔化成形纯钨的显微组织与晶体取向研究

采用增材制造技术中的电子束选区熔化成形方法制备了高致密度纯钨试件,分析了电子束选区熔化成形纯钨的传热过程和显微组织特点,重点研究了在几种热传导的共同作用下,纯钨的显微组织特点和晶体的取向分布。结果表明,电子束选区熔化纯钨的显微组织为以外延生长的方式形成的柱状晶。在样品内部,沿成形方向向下为最主要的热传导方向,温度梯度最大,柱状晶生长方向与热流方向相反,形成完全竖直生长的柱状晶;在样品外侧面,沿成形方向向下的热传导和向侧面粉床的热传导共同作用,使得热传导的方向与成形方向出现一定偏差,因此柱状晶组织与成形方向呈30-45_⁰夹角。同时,电子束选区熔化成形纯钨沿着成形方向,形成[111]和[100]方向的择优取向。     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

INTRODUCTION TO PATENTS

The invention provides a method of making a mold which can reduce SOx generation rate while preventing decrease in hardening rate in the case of using sulfuric acid for a hardener composition. The method has a mixture step in which fire-resistant particles, a hardener composition and a binder composition are mixed to obtain a composition for a mold. The hardener composition contains sulfuric acid. In the mixture step, sodium carbonate is added. A molar ratio of the sulfuric acid to the sodium carbonate is 0.5 or more and 4.0 or less.     

China Foundry Week 2014

China Foundry Week, hosted by the Foundry Institution of Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society （FICMES） each year, is a large academic event in China. It is one of the ten high-impact activities sponsored by the Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society.     

17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering Call for papers

正1.Contents In order to promote the academic exchanges and technical communication of the research in the field of fluid power transmission and control,fluid control engineering specialized committee of the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics will hold the 17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering on July 27-29,2014 in Tibet,Lhasa city.     

Information for Contributors

正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis     

Preface

<正>We are pleased to present this Special Issue of Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China containing selected papers from the First Asian Conference on Aluminum Alloys(ACAA-2013),held in Beijing,China,13–17 October 2013.This conference has been initiated,with approval of     

Information for Contributors

The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China, is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology, including mineral processing, extraction metallurgy, metallic materials and heat treatments, metal working, physical metallurgy, powder metallurgy, with the emphasis on fundamental science. It is the unique preeminent publication in English for scientists, engineers, under/post-graduates on the field of nonferrous metals industry. This journal is covered by many famous abstract/index systems and databases such as SCI Expanded, Ei Compendex Plus, 1NSPEC, CA, METADEX, AJ and JICST.     

Formulas of Tension of Continuous Rolling Process

The development of computer controlled continuous rolling process calls for a mathematical expression that can express the inequality condition of "constant flow". Tension is the link of the continuous rolling process. From the condition of dynamic equilibrium, a differential equation of tension is given out. On the basis of the physical rules established from the industrial practice and experimental studies, the law of volume constancy, the linear relation of forward slip and tension, the state equation of continuous rolling, the formula of dynamic tension, and the formula of static tension have been obtained. These formulae reflect the functional relations between tensions, thickness, roll velocity, and time in the continuous rolling process. It is implied that the continuous rolling process is a gradually steady, controllable, and measurable dynamic system. An assumption of predicting the thickness of a steel plate using these tension formulae is also put forward.