纳米压痕法测量经深冷处理后铝青铜的硬度和弹性模量

借助纳米力学测试系统测试经深冷处理后铝青铜的硬度和弹性模量。结果表明:深冷处理后铝青铜的硬度和弹性模量分别为3.82GPa和117.67GPa,且铝青铜的硬度随压入深度的增加而逐渐降低,反映出硬度存在的尺寸效应,但弹性模量不存在尺寸效应现象。     

单晶硅的纳米硬度测试分析

介绍了测量硬度的几种方法，分析了纳米压痕硬度测量的基本原理。用美国原位纳米力学测试系统中的TriboIndenter对单晶硅进行了试验研究。试验结果表明，由于尺寸效应纳米硬度值随着载荷的增大而逐渐减小，纳米级的压痕试验得到的单晶硅的硬度值要高于其他传统方法测得的宏观硬度值。     

钨单晶纳米压痕尺寸效应研究

利用纳米压痕仪和扫描探针显微镜对高纯钨单晶的载荷-位移曲线、弹性模量、压痕形貌、纳米硬度-加载深度以及弹性回复率的变化情况进行了研究。结果表明，W(111)晶面在加载和卸载过程中分别经历了弹性变形和塑性变形阶段，荷载-位移曲线未出现不连续现象，表明在加载过程中压痕内部未产生裂纹或脆性断裂；钨单晶的残余压痕表现出堆积形貌，表明钨单晶有较低的加工应变硬化趋势；采用连续刚度法测量了钨单晶的纳米压痕硬度以及弹性模量，结果表明，钨单晶纳米压痕硬度和弹性模量存在尺寸效应，即随着加载深度的增加，单晶的纳米压痕硬度和弹性模量减小；采用 Nix-Gao 模型对钨单晶的纳米压痕力学特征和进行了分析，计算了钨单晶的微观特征长度（h^*）为1490nm，无压痕尺寸效应时的纳米硬度值（H_0）为6.79GPa，尺寸效应因子（m）为0.18，即压入深度小于1490nm时，钨单晶具有明显的尺寸效应，当压入深度超过1490nm时，尺寸效应将减弱。当压入深度超过2450nm时，钨单晶的纳米尺寸效应将消失。     

不同晶体取向Mo-Nb单晶的纳米压痕尺寸效应

采用纳米压痕仪和扫描探针显微镜对Mo-Nb合金单晶(110)、(111)、(112)晶面的载荷-位移曲线、弹性模量,压痕形貌、纳米硬度-加载深度以及弹性回复率的变化进行了研究。结果表明,Mo-Nb单晶具有较好的塑性变形能力,Mo-Nb单晶的各晶面在加载和卸载过程中分别经历了弹性变形和塑性变形阶段,荷载-位移曲线未出现突进或突退现象,表明在加载和卸载过程中压痕内部未产生裂纹或脆性断裂;材料的残余压痕呈现凸起形貌,表明Mo-Nb单晶有相对较低的加工应变硬化趋势;采用连续刚度法测量了Mo-Nb单晶的纳米硬度和弹性模量,3个晶面的纳米硬度均呈现出随着加载深度的增加而减小的趋势,表现出明显的压痕尺寸效应;3个晶面纳米硬度和弹性模量的大小关系为:(110)晶面(112)晶面(111)晶面;基于Nix-Gao模型计算了(110)、(111)、(112)晶面的无压痕尺寸效应时的纳米硬度(H_0)分别为3.96、2.61和3.47 GPa,尺寸效应因子(i)分别为0.18、0.16和0.18,微观特征长度(h*)分别为1196、2753和1559 nm。压入深度小于微观特征长度时,Mo-Nb单晶具有明显的尺寸效应,压入深度超过该长度时,尺寸效应将减弱,当压入深度分别超过4106、5645和4693 nm时,纳米压痕尺寸效应将消失。     

压入深度与膜厚对薄膜与基体复合硬度及弹性模量的影响

根据高华建的复合弹性模量模型，提出了用一个测点的载荷－位移曲线计算整个压入深度内薄膜和基合硬度分布的方法，探讨了压入深度与膜厚对硬度与弹性模量测量值的影响，指出可由膜－基复合能反推膜本身的性能。     

金属材料显微硬度压痕尺寸效应分析及其试验研究

利用显微硬度计和扫描电镜分别对电工纯铁DT4A、镍铍高弹合金97NiBe、化学镀镍层3种金属材料样品进行显微维氏硬度测试实验。绘制试验载荷与压痕对角线尺寸关系曲线,分析各曲线的拟合公式,建立模型。应用材料力学理论对模型进行深入分析,确定各参量的物理含义。根据各物理参量的含义,对微纳米尺度下出现硬度压痕尺寸效应现象的原因进行解释。结果表明,金属材料的显微维氏硬度表现出了显著的硬度压痕尺寸效应,用修正后的模型P0=a_1d+a_2d~2和HV_(micro)=0.189 1×(a_1/d+a_2)可以描述和解释硬度压痕尺寸效应现象。未修正模型中,a_0参数的物理含义是为了能准确反映设备试验力误差的物理量;a_1参数的物理含义是与样品的弹性模量、接触刚度、显微硬度和宏观硬度有关的物理量;a_2参数的物理含义是试验加载过程中压头压入试样表面产生塑性变形需要的压应力,其值近似等于5.288倍的宏观维氏硬度。金属材料显微维氏硬度压痕表面的接触刚度变化是其在微纳米尺度下存在压痕尺寸效应的主要原因。推导出的显微维氏硬度压痕表面的接触刚度计算模型为S=7Ed-7a1。     

利用纳米压痕加载曲线计算硬度-压入深度关系及弹性模量

通过对纳米压痕法基本原理的分析与实验研究，证明了一般材料的接触刚度-位移（压入深度）为线性关系．该关系可从两个不同压入深度的压痕实验得到，利用该关系可从任意一条加载曲线计算出材料的硬度-位移关系及弹性模量值．实验结果表明这个计算结果是可靠的．     

基于原子力显微镜的薄膜原位压痕力学性能研究

基于原子力显微镜(AFM)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)建立了一套原位纳米压痕测试系统。该系统可以实现控制带有金刚石(Cube corner)压头的AFM微悬臂梁对样品进行压入实验,并得到载荷-位移曲线,同时可以对压痕过程进行原位SEM实时观察。发展了一种基于AFM微悬臂梁加载和原位SEM压痕图像分析的力学性能测试方法,通过测量压入最大载荷和原位SEM测量压痕残余面积得到塑性薄膜的硬度和弹性模量。利用此方法对磁控溅射硅衬底上纳米晶银薄膜进行了压痕实验,并与Nanoindenter G200型纳米压痕仪实验进行对比研究。结果表明,原位AFM压痕方法具有高的载荷和位移分辨率,可以实现纳牛至微牛级的压痕实验,通过测量压痕面积得到塑性薄膜的硬度值,减小了使用Oliver-pharr方法中软膜硬基底上凸起(Pile-up)效应的影响,计算结果也具有好的测试精度和可靠性。     

用纳米压痕仪测量Cu50Zr43Ti7非晶合金的硬度和弹性模量

用Berkovich和Cube-Corner压头分别测量了Cu50Zr43Ti7非晶合金的硬度(H)和弹性模量(E).结果发现,该合金的H和E与压头形状及测量所用载荷无关,H=(6.5±0.2)GPa,E=(114.4±2.1)GPa;相对于Berkovich压头,用Cube-Corner压头得到的压痕周围观察到较多的剪切带.该合金没有硬度的尺寸效应,变形也没有明显的加工硬化.用有限元(FE)计算得到该合金的屈服强度(σ)约为1.8 GPa,与压缩试验结果相符.     

基于准连续介质法预测薄膜材料纳米硬度和弹性模量

采用准连续介质法模拟了单晶Al和单晶Cu纳米压痕实验中的初始塑性变形过程,获得了压头在不同压深下的加载和卸载曲线.在计算得到的载荷-压深曲线基础上,根据Oliver-Pharr法计算了薄膜材料的接触刚度、纳米硬度和弹性模量,并与相关文献的实验结果进行了比较.研究表明,接触刚度-位移曲线呈线性关系;纳米硬度测量中存在尺寸效应,而在弹性模量测量中却不存在尺寸效应.单晶Al和单晶Cu纳米硬度和弹性模量计算值分别为(0.584±0.013)和(84.088±0.332)GPa,(0.755±0.027)和(131.833±4.449)GPa.预测值与实验结果吻合,表明使用该方法预测薄膜材料的纳米硬度和弹性模量是可行的.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

INTRODUCTION TO PATENTS

The invention provides a method of making a mold which can reduce SOx generation rate while preventing decrease in hardening rate in the case of using sulfuric acid for a hardener composition. The method has a mixture step in which fire-resistant particles, a hardener composition and a binder composition are mixed to obtain a composition for a mold. The hardener composition contains sulfuric acid. In the mixture step, sodium carbonate is added. A molar ratio of the sulfuric acid to the sodium carbonate is 0.5 or more and 4.0 or less.     

China Foundry Week 2014

China Foundry Week, hosted by the Foundry Institution of Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society （FICMES） each year, is a large academic event in China. It is one of the ten high-impact activities sponsored by the Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society.     

17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering Call for papers

正1.Contents In order to promote the academic exchanges and technical communication of the research in the field of fluid power transmission and control,fluid control engineering specialized committee of the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics will hold the 17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering on July 27-29,2014 in Tibet,Lhasa city.     

Information for Contributors

正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis     

Preface

<正>We are pleased to present this Special Issue of Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China containing selected papers from the First Asian Conference on Aluminum Alloys(ACAA-2013),held in Beijing,China,13–17 October 2013.This conference has been initiated,with approval of     

Information for Contributors

The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China, is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology, including mineral processing, extraction metallurgy, metallic materials and heat treatments, metal working, physical metallurgy, powder metallurgy, with the emphasis on fundamental science. It is the unique preeminent publication in English for scientists, engineers, under/post-graduates on the field of nonferrous metals industry. This journal is covered by many famous abstract/index systems and databases such as SCI Expanded, Ei Compendex Plus, 1NSPEC, CA, METADEX, AJ and JICST.     

FORMULAS OF TENSION OF CONTINUOUS ROLLING PROCESS

The development of computer controlled continuous rolling process calls for a mathematical expression that can express the inequality condition of "constant flow". Tension is the link of the continuous rolling process. From the condition of dynamic equilibrium, a differential equation of tension is given out. On the basis of the physical rules established from the industrial practice and experimental studies, the law of volume constancy, the linear relation of forward slip and tension, the state equation of continuous rolling, the formula of dynamic tension, and the formula of static tension have been obtained. These formulae reflect the functional relations between tensions, thickness, roll velocity, and time in the continuous rolling process. It is implied that the continuous rolling process is a gradually steady, controllable, and measurable dynamic system. An assumption of predicting the thickness of a steel plate using these tension formulae is also put forward.     

Bulletin of the Awards in 2013

<正>Five reviewers and 9 published articles are selected as the Excellent Rewewerand Excellent Article in 2013 respectively.Excellent Reviewers:Prof.Z ongyi Ma(Institute of Metal Research,CAS,C hina);Prof.Y ongbo Xu(Institute of Metal Research,CAS,C hina);Prof.Guangping Zhang(Institute of Metal Research,C AS,C hina);Prof.Z hendui Cui(Tianjin University,China);