在含氯化物的碱性溶液中双相不锈钢的耐蚀性及表面膜的研究

在９０℃含Ｃｌ－碱性溶液中所研究钢种的电化学行为表明：００Ｃｒ１８Ｎｉ５Ｍｏ３Ｓｉ２（１８－５）双相不锈钢耐一般腐蚀和孔蚀性能较０Ｃｒ１８Ｎｉ９Ｔｉ（１８－ＳＴｉ）奥氏体不锈钢更佳．碱液中的游离ＮＨ３、ＣＯ３２－和ＨＣＯ３－有缓蚀作用，Ｓ２－促使材料活化．ＥＤＡＸ、ＸＰＳ及ＴＥＭ分析结果表明：两种不锈钢的表面膜均为多价的复杂氧化物膜，以ＣｒＯＯＨ、Ｃｒ２Ｏ３为主要成分．１８－５钢表面膜中Ｃｒ富集程度较１８－８Ｔｉ钢高，膜的致密度及稳定性亦高，膜中的ＭｏＯ３能有效提高钢的耐孔蚀性能．     

Al_2O_3／TiB_2和Al_2O_3／TiB_2／SiC_W陶瓷复合材料在

研究了热压烧结工艺制备的Ａｌ２Ｏ３／ＴｉＢ２和Ａｌ２Ｏ３／ＴｉＢ２／ＳｉＣＷ陶瓷复合材料在１３００℃的氧化行为用ＸＲＤ、ＳＥＭ、ＴＥＭ／ＥＤＳＡ分析了材料氧化后的相组成及显微结构．结果表明：两种材料在１３００℃空气中氧化３０ｈ内的氧化增重符合抛物线规律，ＳｉＣ晶须的加入可明显改善Ａｌ２Ｏ３／ＴｉＢ２材料的高温抗氧化性．     

A3钢热镀Al-Si层的微弧氧化及其耐蚀性

用低碳钢表面热浸镀Ａｌ－Ｓｉ合金后进行微弧氧化的方法获得复合膜层,分析了热镀层的表面质量对形成陶瓷层的影响。对复合膜层进行了断面形貌观察和Ｘ射线衍射分析测定了复合膜层在不同浓度ＮａＣｌ溶液及海水中的耐蚀性,结果表明：微弧氧化要求热镀层厚度均匀;陶瓷层由α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３,ｋ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３及单质Ａｌ,Ｓｉ组成,复合层由三大部分组成;最外层为陶瓷层,次层为Ａｌ－Ｓｉ合金层,再向内至基体为Ｆｅ－Ａｌ－Ｓｉ,Ｆｅ－Ａｌ,Ｆｅ－Ｓｉ合金层,陶瓷层的耐蚀性优于热镀层,更好于低碳钢。     

低辐射薄膜TiO_2-Ag-TiO_2-SiO的纳米尺度显微结构

成功地制备了 ＴｉＯ２－Ａｇ－ＴｉＯ２－ＳｉＯ超薄多层膜的截面样品,并对其微观结构进行 ＴＥＭ, ＨＲＥＭ及纳米束 ＥＤＳ分析结果表明,薄膜各层厚度均匀,界面明锐、光滑 Ａｇ层由纳米晶组成,而 ＴｉＯ２和 ＳｉＯ层为非晶 Ａｇ在膜层中没有扩散或聚团,这也正是保证整个薄膜性能指标的一个重要因素     

离子团结构模型推导

离子团结构模型推导在ＣａＯ－ＭｇＯ－ＴｉＯ２－Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＳｉＯ２五元７Ａ系中，ＣａＯ和ＭｇＯ是网络修饰体（ｎｅｔｗｏｒｋｍｏｄｉｆｉｅｒ），碱性；ＳｉＯ２是网络形成体（ｎｅｔｗｏｒｋｆｏｒｍｅｒ），酸性；ＴｉＯ２和Ａｌ２Ｏ３是两性氧化物，它们的结构...     

Al2O3／TiB2／SiCw陶瓷材料的高温氧化行为

采用热压烧结工艺制备了Ａｌ２Ｏ３／ＴｉＢ２／ＳｉＣｗ陶瓷复合材料，研究了ＳｉＣ晶须含量对其高温氧化行煌影响。用ＸＲＤ，ＳＥＭ，ＴＥＭ／ＥＤＳ分析了材料氧化后的相组成及显向结构，探讨了该材料的氧化机理。结果表明：不同ＳｉＣｗ含量的Ａｌ２Ｏ３／ＴｉＢ２／ＳｉＣｗ陶瓷材料在１４００℃空气中氧化３０ｈ的氧化增重符合抛物线规律。     

SiO2-Al2O3-CaO-Fe2O3系微晶玻璃的晶化过程

利用差热分析（ＤＴＡ）、红外吸收光谱（ＩＲ）、Ｘ射线衍射（ＸＲＤ）和扫描电镜（ＳＥＭ）等手段研究了ＳｉＯ２－Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＣａＯ－Ｆｅ２Ｏ３系微晶玻璃晶化过程及其结晶化过程及其结晶动力学。结果表明：ＳｉＯ２－Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＣａＯ－Ｆｅ２Ｏ３系微晶玻璃晶化过程中,初晶相是钙铁透辉石,钙铝黄长石是中间过渡相且随晶化温度的提高而消失,最终晶相只有钙铁透辉石;晶体生长指数为２．９,属三维生长。玻璃网络中主要有     

Cr对TiAl金属间化合物高温氧化性能的影响

研究了Ｔｉ－５０Ａｌ，Ｔｉ－４５Ａｌ－１０Ｃｒ和Ｔｉ－５０Ａｌ－１０Ｃｒ（原子分数，％）合金在８００－１１００℃下的高温氧化性能。结果表明，Ｔｉ－４５Ａｌ－１０Ｃｒ合金在８００和９００℃形成的氧化膜具有与ＴｉＡｌ合金同样的分层结构，外层为ＴｉＯ２，内层为ＴｉＯ２和Ａｌ２Ｏ３的混合氧化物，在内外氧化层中间有一富Ａｌ２Ｏ３４的中间层，但内氧化层中有大量Ｃｒ掺杂，其氧化增重比Ｔｉ－５０Ａｌ的大，而１００     

铜在浓碱溶液中的阳极钝化膜

采用恒电流阴极还原法、Ｘ射线衍射（ＸＲＤ）和Ｘ射线光电子能谱（ＸＰＳ）对铜在ＮａＯＨ浓溶液中的两种阳极钝化膜进行了研究。结果表明，铜表面一次钝化膜由Ｃｕ２Ｏ和Ｃｕ２Ｏ·Ｈ２Ｏ组成，二次钝化膜由Ｃｕ２Ｏ内层和ＣｕＯＣｕ（ＯＨ）２Ｈ２Ｏ（ａｄ）外层组成，且外层各组分的相对含量呈规律性深度分布。对Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）物相的形成历程进行了讨论     

溅射Ni—Cr—Al—Ti涂层高温氧化过程中组织变化对生成TiO …

观察了溅射Ｎｉ－９．７Ｃｒ－５．５Ａｌ－７Ｔｉ（质量分数）纳米晶涂 高温氧化过程中的组织变化,探讨了溅射涂层表面氧化膜以及涂层预氧化９０ｍｉｎ后磨去生成的氧经膜再重新氧化生成氧化膜中ＴｉＯ２的生长,认为溅射涂经过程中Ｎｉ３（ＡｌＴｉ）相的析出与ＴｉＯ２的生成长大有着密切关系,对两种不同民政部下Ｎｉ３（ＡｌＴｉ）相对ＴｉＯ２生长的影响机制进行了分析。     

RHEOLOGY FEATURE OF SIMPLE METAL MELT

The rheology feature of Sb, Bi melt and alloys was studied using coaxial cylinder high-temperature viscometer. The results showed that the curve of torsion-rotational speed for Sb melt presents a linear relation in all measured temperature ranges, whereas for the Bi melt, the curve presents obvious non-Newtonian feature within the low temperature range and at relative high shear stress. The rheology feature of Sb80Bi20 and Sb20Bi80 alloy melts was well correlated with that of Sb and Bi, respectively. It is considered that the rheology behavior of Sb melt plays a crucial role in Sb80Bi20 alloy and that of Bi melt plays a crucial role in Sb20Bi80 alloy.     

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of a Newly Developed Austenitic Heat Resistant Steel

The effect of heat treatment on the microstructures and mechanical properties of a newly developed austenitic heat resistant steel(named as T8 alloy) for ultra-supercritical applications have been studied. Results show that the main phases in the alloy after solution treatment are γ and primary MX. Subsequent aging treatment causes the precipitation of M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries and a small number of nanoscale MX inside the grains. In addition, with increasing the aging temperature and time, the morphology of M_(23)C_6 carbides changes from semi-continuous chain to continuous network.Compared with a commercial HR3C alloy, T8 alloy has comparable tensile strength, but higher stress rupture strength. The dominant cracking mechanism of the alloy during tensile test at room temperature is transgranular, while at high temperature, intergranular cracking becomes the main cracking mode, which may be caused by the precipitation of continuous M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries. Typical intergranular cracking is the dominant cracking mode of the alloy at all stress rupture tests.     

The 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014held in Qingdao China

Organized by Suppliers China Co., Ltd and co-organized by the National Technical Committee 54 on Foundry of Standardization Administration of China, the 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014 （hereinafter referred to as FSC 2014） was successfully held on Sep. 23rd in Grand Regency Hotel, Qingdao. More than 500 delegates from home and abroad attended this conference, including over 130 purchasers from 20 countries and 380 domestic and foreign suppliers.     

LASER CLADDED TiCN COATINGS ON THE SURFACE OF TITANIUM

Laser cladded coatings of TiCN were produced on the surface of titanium. To obtain the optimal techniques, several conditions were tested by varying the laser scanning rate. The choice of shielding gas was also studied. The cladded coatings were then evaluated from the surface mechanics point of view based on their microhardness. The microstructure of some interesting samples was investigated by optical micrographs (OM). The results showed that under the condition of fixed pulse frequency and pulse width, the laser scanning rate and the shielding gas are the main factors influencing the components of coatings. TiCN coatings were decompounded and oxidized during the cladding process in the condition of no shielding gas of N2. X-ray diffraction results indicated that the composite coatings composed of TiCN, TiC, Ti2N, and TiO2 were produced using appropriate techniques. The results indicated that the best condition in terms of the surface microhardness is obtained when the scanning rate is 1.5mm / s, the pulse frequency is 15Hz, the pulse width is 3.0ms, and N2 is chosen as the shielding gas. The microhardness of the composite coatings is about 1331kg · mm - 2, which is about 4 times that of the substrate. The optical micrographs indicated that the cladding zone is made up of TiCN, TiO2, and some interdendritic Ti, but the diffusion zone mainly consists of the dendrites phase, and the cladded depth is about 80m, which is more than 2 times that of the laser nitrided sample. There were no microcracks or air bubbles in the cladded sample, which was cladded using the above optimal techniques.     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of X80 Pipeline Steel Joints by Friction Stir Welding Under Various Cooling Conditions

X80 pipeline steel plates were friction stir welded(FSW) under air, water, liquid CO_2 + water, and liquid CO_2 cooling conditions, producing defect-free welds. The microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of these FSW joints were studied. Coarse granular bainite was observed in the nugget zone(NZ) under air cooling, and lath bainite and lath martensite increased signifi cantly as the cooling medium temperature reduced. In particular, under the liquid CO_2 cooling condition, a dual phase structure of lath martensite and fi ne ferrite appeared in the NZ. Compared to the case under air cooling, a strong shear texture was identifi ed in the NZs under other rapid cooling conditions, because the partial deformation at elevated temperature was retained through higher cooling rates. Under liquid CO_2 cooling, the highest transverse tensile strength and elongation of the joint reached 92% and 82% of those of the basal metal(BM), respectively, due to the weak tempering softening. A maximum impact energy of up to 93% of that of the BM was obtained in the NZ under liquid CO_2 cooling, which was attributed to the operation of the dual phase of lath martensite and fi ne ferrite.     

INDUSTRY NEWS

China Securities News reported on March 21, 2014： Guangdong Hongtu Wuhan Die Casting Co., Ltd. （Wuhan Hongtu）, a wholly owned subsidiary of Guangdong Hongtu Technology （Holdings） Co., Ltd., held a groundbreaking ceremony recently. With the registered capital of 50 million Yuan, Wuhan Hongtu has a total land area of 100,000 square meters and a plant construction area of 72,000 square meters. It is expected to have a production capacity of about 30,000 tonnes of aluminum castings annually after it is put into production.     

STUDY ON PROPERTIES OF PULSE ELECTRODEPOSITED RE-Ni-W-P-SiC COMPOSITE COATINGS

The effects of pulse frequency f and duty cycle r on the deposition rate, composition, morphology, and hardness of pulse electrodeposited RE （rare earth）-Ni-W-P-SiC composite coatings have been studied. The results indicate that pulse current can improve the deposition rate of RE-Ni-W-P-SiC composite coatings; W, P, and SiC contents in the coating decrease with the increase of pulse frequency and reach the lowest value at f = 33Hz, whereas the RE content in the composite coatings increases with the increase of pulse frequency. SiC content decreases with the increase of duty cycle, W content reaches the lowest value, and P content reaches the highest value at r = 0.4; pulse current and RE can lead to smaller size of the crystalline grains; however, the effects of different pulse frequency and duty cycle on the morphologies of RE-Ni-W-P-SiC composite coatings are not obvious. The hardness of RE-Ni-W-P-SiC composite coatings is the highest when the duty cycle is at 0.6 and 0.8 and pulse frequency is at 50Hz. At the same pulse frequency, the hardness of RE-Ni-W-P-SiC composite coatings at r= 0.8 is higher than that at r= 0.6.     

GROWTH MORPHOLOGIES OF A BINARY ALLOY WITH LOW ANISOTROPY IN DIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION

Two new classes of growth morphologies, called doublons and seaweed, were simulated using a phase-field method. The evolution of doublon and seaweed morphologies was obtained in directional solidification. The influence of orientation and velocity on the growth morphology was investigated. It was indicated that doublons preferred growing with its crystallographic axis aligned with the heat flow direction. Seaweed, on the other hand, could be obtained by tilting the crystalline axis to 45°. Stable doublons could only exist in a range of velocity regime. Beyond this regime the patterns formed would be unstable. The simulation results agreed with the reported experimental results qualitatively.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.