X80钢焊接结构海水腐蚀及温度的影响规律

以X80钢焊接结构为研究对象，采用SEM、EDS及化学分析表征X80钢焊接接头的组织及成分分布，采用电化学法测量焊接接头不同部位在模拟海水环境中的极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱，研究温度对其腐蚀行为的影响规律。结果表明：海水介质中焊接热影响区的腐蚀倾向最大，焊缝较母材具有更好的耐蚀性；温度升高加速物质扩散及放电过程，因阳极去极化而加速腐蚀，但焊缝处因生成的腐蚀产物致密且附着性优于母材与热影响区，表现出更好的耐蚀性。分析认为：焊缝因低C、Mo、Nb等元素导致组织较母材粗大，晶界数量明显减少，又因Ni、Cr、Al耐蚀元素的增多，因而表现出较好的耐蚀性；热影响区组织复杂、活化能较高，具有较大的腐蚀倾向。     

16Mn管线钢的焊缝表面冲蚀机理研究

目的在管道工程中,16Mn管线钢异径接头-管体焊缝(简称焊缝)表面冲蚀行为是引发失效的主要原因之一,通过研究焊缝余高和管体流体作用,以此来探究焊缝表面冲蚀机理。方法以16Mn管线钢为研究对象,针对焊缝区表面冲蚀行为开展基础研究,通过电化学和腐蚀模拟实验,研究了流体初期焊缝区表面腐蚀行为,并通过流体模拟实验,研究了焊缝余高和流体速度对焊缝区冲蚀过程的影响,揭示了管线钢焊缝的冲蚀机理。结果在腐蚀模拟实验中,焊缝、接头母体和管体的开路电位分别为-0.717、-0.686、-0.687 V,焊缝区发生电化学腐蚀的倾向在模拟腐蚀液中最严重,焊缝的自腐蚀电流密度为7.9μA/cm^2,母材的自腐蚀电流密度为3.2μA/cm^2,焊缝的电化学腐蚀倾向性更大,焊缝区金属腐蚀速率最大,在焊缝表面形成了疏松的FeO产物层。在流体模拟实验中,流体在焊缝余高作用下形成了湍流,流速的增加也提高了湍动能,流速为15 m/s和30 m/s时,焊缝凹槽的深度分别为3 mm和8 mm,焊缝凹槽相差5 mm。湍动能在焊缝余高的FeO腐蚀产物表面产生了变形磨损和切削效应,使得焊缝表面疏松的FeO产物层脱落,加速了腐蚀过程,最终形成了冲蚀凹陷区。结论16Mn管线钢焊缝的冲蚀行为是腐蚀和流体冲蚀共同作用的结果,可分为初期的腐蚀和流体冲蚀两个阶段,形成了腐蚀与冲蚀循环交替过程。焊缝余高和流体速度对冲蚀影响较大,内焊缝余高和流体速度的增加将导致余高处的湍动能急剧增加,加速焊缝金属腐蚀产物层剥离,导致焊缝表面冲蚀。研究结果可以为管道失效行为和安全服役设计提供理论基础。     

00Cr18Ni14Mo2Cu2不锈钢耐海水腐蚀焊接工艺分析

研究了00Cr18Ni14Mo2Cu2奥氏体不锈钢耐海水腐蚀的焊接工艺,通过改进焊接工艺,减小了热影响区宽度,减少了热影响区与焊缝金属化学成分的差异,细化了热影响区金相组织,控制了热影响区σ相析出.结果表明,热影响区腐蚀速率减小,且焊接接头(焊缝、热影响区和母材三者同时暴露在腐蚀介质中)腐蚀速率明显减小,大大提高了该钢焊缝区域的耐海水腐蚀性能.     

时效处理对铝锂合金电子束焊接头耐蚀性能的影响

对铝锂合金电子束焊接头进行焊后热处理,研究了时效处理前后接头各区域的晶间腐蚀、剥蚀和电化学腐蚀行为。结果表明,接头经过时效处理后,焊缝晶界析出的T1(Al_2CuLi)相数量增加,并且形成了明显的晶界无沉淀带(Precipitate Free Zone,PFZ)。焊态下接头未出现晶间腐蚀,热影响区和母材区均出现了孔蚀;焊后时效处理增大了接头的晶间腐蚀倾向,热影响区同时发生了孔蚀和晶间腐蚀,母材区出现了严重的晶间腐蚀。焊态下焊缝和热影响区均具有优异的抗剥蚀能力,母材区对剥蚀的敏感性较高;焊后时效处理可提高接头母材区的抗剥蚀能力,但会增大热影响区的剥蚀敏感性。电化学腐蚀测试表明,与时效后的接头焊缝相比,焊态下焊缝的自腐蚀电位较高,腐蚀电流密度小,具有相对较好的耐蚀性。     

X65钢焊接接头在模拟浅表海水和深海环境中的腐蚀行为对比

在实验室模拟条件下,采用失重法及电化学等方法并结合腐蚀形貌显微观察,研究了X65钢焊接接头在浅表海水和深海(1000 m)环境中的短期腐蚀行为及其机理。结果表明,X65钢焊接接头在浅表海水环境下的腐蚀速率大于深海环境下的腐蚀速率,浅表海水环境以点蚀为主,深海环境只在熔合线附近腐蚀相对较快,焊缝区腐蚀不明显;在模拟浅表海水和深海环境下,热影响区(HAZ)的腐蚀电位均低于焊缝和母材区,导致焊缝区域存在电偶效应,加速了HAZ的腐蚀,形成较厚的腐蚀产物膜。     

含凹坑缺陷管道环焊缝应力有限元分析

基于有限元方法,采用ABAQUS有限元仿真模拟软件,参考实际管道环焊缝的坡口形状和热影响区材料的软化现象,建立了含凹坑缺陷管道环焊缝非线性有限元分析模型,对不同载荷作用下的含凹坑缺陷管道环焊缝进行应力分析,探讨了凹坑尺寸、焊缝余高以及热影响区材料属性等因素对应力分布的影响规律.结果表明:凹坑周边发生明显的应力集中,凹坑深度对管道极限承载力影响显著,随着凹坑深度的增加,腐蚀管道的最大等效应力显著增大,且峰值应力集中在焊缝区;腐蚀管道在极端拉伸载荷作用时,焊缝余高内凹坑缺陷的最大等效应力集中在热影响区;凹坑深度大于余高时,最大等效应力位于焊缝中心的凹坑边缘.     

10CrNi3MoV高强度结构钢焊接接头海水腐蚀行为研究

高强钢10CrNi3MoV焊接接头在海水服役过程中容易发生腐蚀。采用三维视频图像原位采集系统分析10CrNi3MoV焊接接头的各区域分布,采用扫描开尔文探针确定了焊接接头的易腐蚀区域,采用电化学综合测试系统进行了焊接接头的电化学测试。结果表明,热影响区的面积小,在海水浸泡中热影响区表面伏打电位低,作为阳极优先腐蚀。焊接接头在海水浸泡中的腐蚀主要以点蚀为主。热影响区的腐蚀电流密度最大,阻抗谱中电荷转移电阻最小,腐蚀速率最快,腐蚀情况最严重,而母材与焊缝电荷转移电阻相差不大,两者腐蚀速率相当。本研究可为改进高强钢焊接接头的工艺参数提供一定的理论指导。     

960高强度钢激光焊接接头的组织和腐蚀性能

针对960高强度钢激光焊接接头腐蚀性能开展分析,利用扫描电镜和光学电镜分析接头微观组织;利用动电位极化技术研究接头不同区域在模拟海水中的腐蚀行为;并通过恒载荷加载装置研究接头在模拟海水中的应力腐蚀行为.结果表明,960高强度钢腐蚀规律为均匀腐蚀到点蚀再到均匀腐蚀.电化学测试结果3个区域的腐蚀速率从大到小为焊缝,热影响区,母材,且随着腐蚀的继续进行腐蚀速率减慢.热影响区粗晶区成为接头的薄弱环节,拉伸试样均断裂在热影响区.应力腐蚀使拉伸试样抗拉强度降低12%,断裂形式由韧性断裂变为准解理断裂.     

CT80连续油管焊接接头的电化学腐蚀行为研究

采用光学显微镜观察了CT80连续油管焊接接头母材、热影响区(HAZ)和焊缝的显微组织;采用动电位极化技术和电化学阻抗谱测试方法研究了焊接接头各区域在3.5%Na Cl溶液中的电化学腐蚀行为。结果表明:CT80连续油管母材的显微组织为细小的铁素体+珠光体;焊缝的显微组织不均匀,焊缝中心晶粒细小,两侧晶粒粗大;热影响区的显微组织为魏氏体组织。在3.5%NaCl溶液中,CT80连续油管焊接接头各区域的热力学稳定性顺序依次为HAZ母材焊缝;HAZ区的极化电阻最大,腐蚀速率最小,耐蚀性最好;焊缝的极化电阻最小,腐蚀速率最大,耐蚀性最差;CT80连续油管焊接接头各区域耐蚀性的顺序依次为HAZ母材焊缝。     

AF1410钢电子束焊接接头的腐蚀行为

针对AF1410钢电子束焊接接头,分析焊缝区、热影响区、母材区的微观组织,测试并研究各微区的电化学性能以及接头在3.5%（质量分数）NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为。研究表明:焊缝区、热影响区、母材区的微观组织及电化学性能互相之间均存在明显差异,热影响区的自腐蚀电位最低,母材区的自腐蚀电位最高;未经热处理的AF1410钢电子束焊接接头热影响区最容易发生腐蚀,腐蚀以热影响区为中心向焊缝区和近缝母材扩展;适宜的热处理可提高AF1410钢电子束焊接接头的耐腐蚀性能。     

Rotating arc horizontal narrow gap welding of high strength quenched and tempered steel

Rotating arc horizontal narrow gap welding of quenched & tempered ( Q&T) steel was innovatively performed for solving the bottleneck that the molten pool sagged due to the gravity. The shapely multilayer single pass horizontal joint could be obtained by using the rotating arc welding process. The cold crack was not observed in the joint without controlling the heat input and selecting the consumables intentionally. Mkrostructure of the joint could be divided into three zones:base metal zone ( BMZ) , heat-affected zone (HAZ) and weld zone ( WZ). Because of the characteristic of the rotating arc horizontal welding process, the defects in the joints were slag inclusion formed at the inUrlayer of lower side wall. The tensile strength and hardness of HAZ and WZ were larger than those of BMZ. The impact toughness in WZ, HAZ and BM at 0℃ is equal to 115, 212 and 236 J, respectively.     

Corrosion Behavior of Metal Active Gas Welded Joints of a High-Strength Steel for Automotive Application

In this work, the corrosion behavior of metal active gas-welded joints of a high-strength steel with tensile yield strength of 900 MPa was investigated. The welded joints were obtained using two different heat inputs. The corrosion behavior has been studied in a 3.5 wt.% NaCl aqueous solution using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization tests. Optical microscopy images, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy with energy-dispersive x-ray revealed different microstructural features in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) and the weld metal (WM). Before and after the corrosion process, the sample was evaluated by confocal laser scanning microscopy to measure the depth difference between HAZ and WM. The results showed that the heat input did not play an important role on corrosion behavior of HSLA steel. The anodic and cathodic areas of the welded joints could be associated with depth differences. The HAZ was found to be the anodic area, while the WM was cathodic with respect to the HAZ. The corrosion behavior was related to the amount and orientation nature of carbides in the HAZ. The microstructure of the HAZ consisted of martensite and bainite, whereas acicular ferrite was observed in the weld metal.     

盐雾环境对超声冲击前后铝合金焊接接头力学性能的影响

对6005铝合金焊接接头进行超声冲击处理,对冲击前后焊接接头进行残余应力测试.结果表明,超声冲击后,6005铝合金焊缝及热影响区(HAZ)均变为残余压应力,应力分布较为均匀.对冲击前后试样进行盐雾腐蚀试验.超声冲击后的试样在腐蚀不同时间后,其腐蚀产物均少于未冲击试样,超声冲击后焊接接头硬度得到提高,焊缝及HAZ的硬化层深度分别为1.5 mm及2.1 mm,腐蚀14天后,硬化层能够保持在0.9 mm,可有效地保护基体.另外,腐蚀同样时间后,冲击后的焊接接头试样能够保持较好的综合力学性能.     

Influence of microstructure and roughness level on corrosion resistance of the austenitic stainless steel welded joint

The influence of microstructure and surface roughness of the X5CrNi18-10 austenitic stainless steel-welded joint on resistance to uniform, pitting, and intergranular corrosion, as well as on the stability of the passive film, was evaluated. The microstructure was revealed by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, whereas surface topography and roughness levels were determined by atomic force microscopy. Corrosion characteristics were obtained by the electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation method with double loop, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy method, as well as by potentiodynamic measurements. The degree of sensitization of heat-affected zone (HAZ) was significantly lower than the threshold value required for the occurrence of intergranular corrosion. However, HAZ showed a significantly greater tendency to pitting and uniform corrosion compared to weld metal and base metal. No effect of roughness levels (RMS from 3.6 to 54 nm) on the pitting potential value of the welded joint was observed (unlike in HAZ). The polished surface shows significantly higher corrosion resistance than the grinded surface. Generally, polishing improved corrosion resistance, especially in HAZ, which is very important because HAZ is a critical place for the occurrence of pitting and other types of corrosion.     

Corrosion behaviour of weld heat affected zone of aluminium alloy 7075

Abstract

The microstructure of the weld heat affected zone (HAZ) of alloy 7075 was simulated using a Gleeble system. The corrosion behaviour of several locations in the weld HAZ was investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry, electrochemical measurement in 3·5 wt-%NaCl solution, and exfoliation corrosion tests. Different exfoliation corrosion morphologies for the base metal and weld HAZ were also observed. The corrosion morphology of the weld HAZ was mainly related to the degree of precipitation of η' phase in the matrix. The HAZ in the region of the peak temperature 377° C contained the most precipitation of η phase, but no effect on corrosion morphology as a result of T6 post-weld heat treatment was observed.     

焊后热处理对DH36钢焊接接头断裂韧性的影响

文中对DH36钢埋弧焊焊接接头进行了焊后热处理,并根据BS7448标准对焊缝和热影响区进行裂纹尖端张开位移CTOD测试,研究焊后热处理对断裂韧性的影响.结果表明,焊后热处理对焊缝断裂韧性的影响并不一定是好的效果,热处理后,焊缝δ值有的升高有的降低;焊后热处理对热影响区粗晶区的断裂韧性有不利影响,热处理后,热影响区粗晶区的δ值均有所下降.经过焊后热处理,90 mm厚焊缝试样的δ值略有下降,60mm厚焊缝试样的δ值明显升高;90mm厚热影响区试样的δ值明显下降,60mm厚热影响区试样的δ值略有下降.     

Microstructure and alloy element distribution of dissimilar joint 316L and EH36 in laser welding

Microstructure and alloy element distribution of dissimilar joint 316L and EH36 in laser welding were researched, especially the influence of misalignment on weld profile and alloy element distribution. Weld zone (WZ) consisted of austensite and ferrite (F), and heat affected zone (HAZ) of EH36 side consisted of martensite, F, pearlite and carbide precipitation. Positive misalignment increased both upper and bottom widths (BWs), while negative misalignment made BW wider and upper width narrower. HAZ in steel EH36 side was clear and was narrowed and homogenised by negative misalignment. Alloy element contents of Cr and Ni in WZ was much more in negative misalignment. The interface transition gradient of alloy element between 316L and WZ was sharpened in the +0.8?mm misalignment, but diminished in the ?0.8?mm misalignment. The influence of misalignment on alloy element distributions can be attributed to the effect of gravity on transient flow of weld pool.     

A517Q齿条钢的焊接性

通过斜Y坡口焊接裂纹试验、焊接热影响区最高硬度试验和焊接接头力学性能试验,系统地研究了A517Q齿条钢的焊接性. 结果表明,在拘束焊接时,A517Q齿条钢的焊接冷裂纹敏感性随钢板厚度由30 mm增大至60 mm而增大;提高预热温度有助于降低该钢的焊接冷裂倾向和热影响区的淬硬程度. 177.8 mm厚A517Q齿条钢板的焊接接头具有高强度和高韧性,能够满足使用性能要求;焊接热影响区的显微组织以低碳板条马氏体和板条贝氏体为主,该区硬度明显高出焊缝区和母材区,淬硬倾向较大,存在一定的冷裂风险.