NiAl-Fe金属间化合物超塑性的研究

本文研究了金属间化合物NiAl－Fe的超塑性行为及其机理结果表明：该合金的显微组织由β－NiAl相基体和γ－Ni无序固溶体相组成．在1123—1253K,1．04×10(－4)－1．04×10(－2)s(－1)拉伸变形时,表现超塑性行为．最大伸长率233％,超塑性变形试样的断口呈韧性特征,在断裂区没有空洞产生,通过SEM分析发现,γ相在变形过程中发生碎化、β相存在动态再结晶     

定向凝固NiAl多相合金的高温超塑性研究

本文研究了Ni-30Al-5Mo-0.5Hf金属间化合物的显微组织及其超塑性变形行为.该合金是由NiAl/Ni3Al/Mo三相组成,在NiAl中分散着大量的条状Ni3Al.在1050-1100℃,应变速率为5.2X10-4-6.24X10-3s-1拉伸变形时,合金呈现超塑性行为;1050℃,5.2X10-4s-1时的最大延伸率达160％,此时对应的应变速率敏感指数为0.46.超塑性变形的机理主要是由于变形过程中的动态回复和再结晶,同时合金中的NiAl和Ni3Al两相在高温下可以协调变形.     

定向凝固NiAl-Fe-Nb金属间化合物的显微组织和类超塑性行为

研究了定向凝固Ni 2 0Al 2 7Fe 3Nb金属间化合物的显微组织和高温拉伸条件下的变形行为。结果表明 ,该合金的显微组织由枝晶 β NiAl相和枝晶间γ/γ′相组成。在 95 0～ 110 0℃之间以 5 .2× 10 -4～ 1.0 4× 10 -2s-1的初始应变速率拉伸变形时 ,该合金表现出类似超塑性的变形行为 ,应变速率敏感指数m在 0 .2 1～ 0 .4 5之间。在 10 5 0℃以 5 .2× 10 -3 s-1的初始应变速率拉伸时 ,获得最大延伸率 2 6 0 % ,m =0 .2 9。通过显微组织观察 ,对这种具有类似超塑性变形行为的机理进行了初步的讨论     

电磁离心铸造NiAl共晶合金的显微组织和力学性能

利用电磁离心铸造(EMCC)工艺制备NiAl/Cr(Mo)共晶合金,研究了合金的显微组织和压缩性能.结果表明, 合金显微组织细小,由激冷区、共晶区和亚共晶区组成.激冷区以初生β-NiAl相为主,共晶区由β-NiAl和α-Cr(Mo)相构成,亚共晶区由初生β-NiAl和β-NiAl/α-Cr(Mo)共晶组成. EMCC NiAl共晶合金1000℃压缩行为遵从幂指数规律: ε=Aσn.合金的室温断裂方式以基体NiAl的解理断裂和NiAl/Cr(Mo)的相界面剥离为主.     

热变形TiAl基合金的超塑性行为

采用包套锻复合热机械处理技术，在Ti-33Al-3Cr合金中得到了平均名义晶粒尺寸为1μm的热变形显微组织材料在1000—1075℃及10×10－6—8×10－3S－1的应变速率范围内显示良好的超塑性，其应变速率敏感系数高达0．9；热激活能仅为250kJ／mol．在1075℃及8×10－5s－1下得到517％的超塑性拉伸延伸率．获得高的超塑性拉伸值的机理是，动态再结晶导致应变速率硬化     

形变热处理对发动机用TiAl合金超塑性变形特性的影响

采用拉伸试验机等研究形变热处理对发动机用Ti Al合金超塑性性能和显微组织的影响。结果表明:超塑性变形处理后Ti Al合金等轴α相的平均晶粒尺寸约为1.5μm, Ti Al合金在900℃时达到最优的超塑性,其伸长率为1188%。其应力-应变曲线属于明显的应变软化曲线类型。超塑性变形处理后,Ti Al合金断口与夹头区域的显微组织发生粗化作用,合金基体中的α晶粒内及其晶界部位形成了众多位错结构,其晶粒依然维持着良好的等轴形态。     

TB8钛合金超塑性变形的组织演变

研究了TB8合金在不同变形条件下的超塑性及其显微组织。结果表明,变形温度为690～840℃、应变速率为1.0×10~(-4)～1.0×10~(-3)s~(-1)时,TB8钛合金均具有超塑性。750℃、1.0×10~(-4)s~(-1)拉伸时,合金塑性最佳,伸长率为524.9%。变形过程中,变形软化和加工硬化相互抵消,表现为传统的超塑性变形稳态流动特征。变形温度、应变速率和变形程度对合金的超塑性、显微组织均有明显影响。应变速率越低,等轴β相晶粒尺寸越大。拉伸温度升高,β相晶粒尺寸增大,α相颗粒逐渐被溶解,β相饱和化,但仍能保持一定的等轴度。随着变形程度增大,β相晶界和基体弥散析出的α相越多,细小、弥散分布的α相可以抑制晶粒的过分长大,使合金塑性得到改善。     

TiAl基合金超塑性变形的力学特征

研究了Ti-33Al－3Cr－0.5Mo（％）合金的高温拉伸力学性能。研究发现，在950℃下．合金试样就表现出了超塑性变形特征；在1000℃下，初始应变速率范围为2．0×10(－4)～6.0×10(-4)s(-1)时,试样的延伸率均大于200％．且最大延伸率为305％，相应的应变速率敏感性指数在0.33～0．57之间。对显微组织的分析结果表明,合金试样在超塑性变形过程中形成了大量孔洞，孔洞的连接是造成试样断裂的重要原因。     

共晶NiAl—9Mo合金的超塑性行为

研究了共晶 ＮｉＡｌ－９Ｍｏ合金的超塑性行为及其变形机制．该合金的微观组织由 ＮｉＡｌ以及 ＮｉＡｌ和α－Ｍｏ共晶体组成．在 １３２３－１３７３ Ｋ温度区间,以 ５.５５×１０－５－１．１１×１０－４ ｓ－１的应变速率拉伸变形时,表现出超塑性行为,最大延伸率达到 １８０％,应变速率敏感性指数达到 ０．５６．超塑性的变形机制为初生 ＮｉＡｌ基体的晶界滑动,断裂起源于超塑性变形过程中产生的孔洞．     

Ti－24Al－14Nb－3V－0．5Mo合金的超塑性

研究了温度及应变速率对Ｔｉ－２４Ａｌ－１４Ｎｂ－３Ｖ－０．５Ｍｏ（ａｔ．－％）合金超塑性能的影响．试验结果表明，在９８０℃，３．５×１０~（－４）ｓ~（－１）的最佳超塑变形条件下，合金显示出较高的超塑性；应变速率敏感性指数ｍ为０．６９，拉伸延伸率Ｅｌ．为８１８％．根据其细小的α_２＋β_０两相组织和等温拉伸的试验方法，确定合金的超塑性属于细晶组织超塑性．在超塑变形过程中，合金无空洞产生，显微组织发生动态粗化．     

EFFECT OF Cr ADDITION ON MICROSTRVCTURES AND MECHANICAL PROPERLIES OF β-NiAl ALLOYS

1.IntroductionTheBZ-orderedNiAIhasbeenattractedmuchattentionasoneofthecandidatesasanextgenerationhightemperaturematerials,becauseithasahighmeltingtemperature,alowspecificgravityandanexcellenthightemperatureoxidationresista.cell--3J.However,itstillsuf...     

Changes of an Outer β-NiAl and Inner α-Cr Coating on Ni–40 at% Cr Alloy during Oxidation at 1373K in Air

Formation mechanisms of a coating with a duplex layer, outer β-NiAl(Cr) and inner α-Cr(Ni) layer structure on a Ni–40.2 at% Cr alloy were proposed and change in the coating structure was investigated during high temperature oxidation. The Ni–40.2 at% Cr alloy was electro-plated with about 12μm Ni followed by a high Al activity pack cementation at 1073K to form a coated layer with an outer δ-Ni₂Al₃ and an inner layer containing Al more than 70at% which grew with an inward diffusion of Al. The coated Ni–40.2at% Cr alloy was oxidized at 1373K in air for up to 2592ks. It was found that at the initial stage of oxidation the as-coated layer structure changed to a two-layer, outer β-NiAl(Cr) and inner α-Cr(Ni), structure. Al contents in the α-Cr(Ni) layer was less than 0.3at%. With long term oxidation an intermediate γ-Ni(Cr, Al) layer formed between the outer and inner layers, whereas the inner α-Cr(Ni) layer became thinner and then disappeared after the 2592ks oxidation at 1373K. Coating processes and changes in the coating structure during high temperature oxidation were discussed based on diffusion and composition paths plotted on a Ni–Cr–Al phase diagram     

Precipitation behavior of B2-ordered aluminide

Fine dispersion of disordered phases is obtained in Ni−Al−Cr and Fe−Al−Co temary systems. A transmission electron microscope investigation has been performed on the precipitation of α-Cr in B2-ordered β-NiAl with different stoichiometry and α-Fe in B2-FeAl(Co) compound. Precipitation behavior and hardening were investigated by measuring the hardness variation. The hardness of NiAl and FeAl increases appreciably with the fine precipitation of α-Cr and α-Fe, and over-age softening occurs after prolonged aging. In the case of B2-NiAl(Cr), perfect lattice coherency is maintained at the interfaces between the α-Cr particles and the matrix during the initial stage of aging. After prolonged aging, a loss of coherency occurs by the attraction of matrix dislocations to the particle/matrix interface, followed by climbing around the particles. On the other hand, in the case of B2-FeAl(Co), the disordered α-Fe phase is present as a precipitate in the B2-FeAl(Co) matrix and has a cubic-cubic orientation with the matrix. At the early aging periods, prismatic dislocation loops formed in the B2-FeAl(Co) matrix. B2-FeAl(Co) matrix is typically hardened by the precipitation of α-Fe.     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties Determined in Compressive Tests of Quasi-Rapidly Solidified NiAl-Cr(Mo)-Hf Eutectic Alloy After Hot Isostatic Pressure and High Temperature Treatments

The effect of high cooling rate of approximately 10² K/s and subsequent hot isostatic pressure (HIP) and high temperature (HT) treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of NiAl-based intermetallic alloys was investigated. The results reveal that rapid solidification refines the microstructure of the NiAl-Cr(Mo)-0.5Hf eutectic alloy and transforms the Ni₂AlHf Heusler phase, which is present in the equilibrium state to a metastable Hf(Ni, Al, Cr) solid solution phase. Simultaneously, the shape and distribution of the Hf(Ni, Al, Cr) solid solution phase were considerably improved. After the HIP treatment, the Hf(Ni, Al, Cr) solid solution phase has changed from continuous distribution along eutectic cell boundaries into semicontinuous distribution, and the primary NiAl(Cr, Mo) phase has coarsened. The HT treatment reduces the volume fraction of the primary NiAl(Cr, Mo) phase and optimizes the distribution of the Hf(Ni, Al, Cr) solid solution phase. Rapid solidification and the resulting fine-grained microstructure will significantly improve the mechanical properties of the alloy in compression tests. However, additional HIP and HT treatments enhance the high-temperature strength properties obviously.     

Formation of microstructure and the superplasticity of Al–Mg-based alloys

The influence of a 3–10% content of magnesium in Al–Mg–Mn(Cr) alloys on the characteristics of the microstructure of sheet blanks and their superplasticity has been examined. It has been shown that the minimum size of grains and the best superplasticity are characteristic of the alloy that contains about 7% magnesium and is additionally alloyed simultaneously with manganese and chromium. An increase in the content of magnesium leads to the formation of conglomerates of particles of a chromium–manganese phase and, as a result, to a coarsening of the grain structure and a deterioration of superplasticity.     

Effect of ageing on the microstructure and mechanical behaviour of a directionally solidified Ni3Al-based alloy

The effect of ageing in the temperature range from 1023 to 1373 K on the micro-structure and mechanical behaviour of a directionally solidified (DS) Ni₃Al-based alloy modified with additions of chromium and iron was investigated. The microstructure of the as-grown alloy consisted of well-aligned and equally spaced lamellas composed of β(B2) intermetallic compound NiAl (Cr, Fe), some β′(L1₀) martensite and spherical -Cr precipitates. The matrix consisted of γ′(L1₂) intermetallic compound Ni₃Al (Cr, Fe), γ-phase (Ni-based solid solution) and lath-shaped -Cr precipitates. Ageing at 1123 and at 1173 K was found to be the most effective in transforming the unstable lamellae to γ′-phase and -Cr precipitates. The change of microstructural characteristics such as volume fraction of lamellae, size, morphology and distribution of γ′-phase, γ-phase and -Cr precipitates significantly influenced the room-temperature yield strength and elongation of DS alloy after ageing. The strain-hardening exponent varied with the ageing temperature between 0.30 and 0.46 and the quasi-steady work-hardening rate between 2710 and 5340 MPa. In the specimens with the lowest amount of disordered regions, the strain-hardening exponent was found to be 0.46 and the quasisteady work hardening rate was determined to be 3340 MPa.     

Influence of chemical composition and alloying elements on microdefects and electron density in Ni—Al alloys

1　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＬｌ2 Ｎｉ3ＡｌａｎｄＢ2 ＮｉＡｌａｒｅｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｉｎｔｅｒｍｅｔａｌ ｌｉｃｃｏｍｐｏｕｎｄｓｉｎＮｉＡｌａｌｌｏｙｓ .ＡＮｉ3Ａｌａｌｌｏｙｈａｓｒｅｌａ ｔｉｖｅｌｙｈｉｇｈｓｔｒｅｎｇｔｈａｎｄｐｒｅｓｅｎｔｓｒｅ     

Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of new multi-phase NiAl-based alloy during heat treatments

Microstructural evolution and the relationship between microstructure and property during heat treatments in a new NiAl-based alloy(Ni-26.6Al-13.4Cr-8.1Co-4.3Ti-1.3W-0.9Mo,molar fraction,%))were investigated.The as-cast alloy is composed of NiAl matrix and Cr3Ni2 phase with poor ductility.The Cr3Ni2 phase is distributed as a network along the NiAl grain boundaries.Subsequent heat treatment(1 523 K,20 h,air cooling+1 123 K,16 h,furnace cooling)leads to the dissolution of Cr3Ni2 phase and the precipitation of lath-shaped Ni3Al phase andα-Cr particles,resulting in the improvement of compressive properties and fracture toughness at room temperature.Followed by long-term thermal exposure(1 173 K,8 500 h),it is found that the residual Cr3Ni2 phase keeps stable while theα-Cr particles coarsen and a great mass of lath-shaped Ni3Al precipitates are degenerated,which compromises most of the above improvements of mechanical properties through heat treatment.     

定向凝固NiAl—Cr（Mo）—Hf合金微观结构的电子显微学研究

利用ＴＥＭ研究了定向凝固方法制备的ＮｉＡｌ－２８Ｃｒ－５．５Ｍｏ－０．５ｈｆ（原子分数,％下同）共晶合金的微观组织与结构,以了解其复相强韧化机理,共晶合金呈典型的胞状结构,并由层片状Ｃｒ（Ｍｏ）相,ＮｉＡｌ基体,不连续网状分布的Ｈｅｕｓｌｅｒ相ｉ２ＡｌＨｆ组成,ＮｉＡｌ和Ｃｒ（Ｍｏ）相存在固定的立方－立方取向关系,并共同沿（１１１）方向生长,两相间呈半共格界面,并存在三套规则的界面错配们错网,在     

CuCr25合金的机械变形及性能

采用真空熔炼制备的CuCr25合金，在低应变速率下冷轧变形，研究了组织及性能变化。结果表明：CuCr25合金的电导率随着轧制变形程度的增大，开始略有上升，然后不断下降，经过一定量的大变形后，电导率又有上升；CuCr25合金的硬度不断上升，CuCr25合金硬度的上升主要是由于Cu基硬度的上升；经过大量的冷轧变形后，Cr相成纤维状和条带状，并有空洞生成；CuCr25合金在室温下具有超塑性。