氧化铝涂层的超音速等离子喷涂参数影响及硬度分析

目的初步明确超音速等离子喷涂参数对涂层的影响规律,优化工艺参数。方法采用超音速等离子喷涂技术制备Al2O3陶瓷涂层,对涂层进行表征,分析喷涂电流I、等离子发生气体压力Pair、喷距d对涂层显微结构的影响。基于涂层显微硬度HV设计工艺优化试验,建立喷涂参数与显微硬度之间的回归方程。结果 I=260 A或Pair=0.55 MPa时,涂层是α-Al2O3和γ-Al2O3双相复合结构;I=340 A或Pair=0.35 MPa时,涂层几乎全由γ-Al2O3相组成,基本不含有未熔颗粒;喷距变化对涂层相组成的影响不显著。I或d增大,或者Pair降低,显微硬度都呈增大趋势。结论在实验范围内,超音速等离子喷涂Al2O3涂层的显微硬度最优工艺是:Pair=0.35 MPa,I=340 A,d=230 mm。     

等离子喷涂Al2O3陶瓷涂层的工艺研究

采用SprayWatch-2i粒子测速仪测定等离子喷涂时粒子的飞行速度及温度,确定最佳喷涂电流和电压参数,改变送粉方式和送粉速率制备Al2O3涂层.研究所制备涂层的孔隙率、显微硬度、耐磨性及结合强度,研究结果指出：影响Al2O3涂层质量的主要工艺参数为喷涂功率、送粉方式和送粉速率,等离子喷涂10～40μmAl2O3粉末制备Al2O3陶瓷涂层的最佳工艺参数为电流600 A、电压60 V、枪内送粉、送粉速率10.25 g/rmin.     

基于孔隙率的Cr2O3涂层工艺优化及回归分析

孔隙率是评价Cr2O3涂层质量的重要指标之一。根据Box-Behnken二阶响应曲面法设计了3因素3水平的回归分析试验,采用大气等离子喷涂技术在TC4钛合金表面制备了Cr2O3涂层,以不同工艺条件下的涂层孔隙率作为响应值,建立了喷涂电流、等离子气体和喷距影响因子与响应输出之间的数学模型,讨论了3种影响因子的显著性及交互作用影响,得到涂层孔隙率的连续变量响应曲面和等高曲线。模型可以用于大气等离子喷涂Cr2O3涂层的工艺优化和性能预测,最小孔隙率的预测参数是电流I=500A,氩气流量QAr=40L/min和喷距d=80mm,能获得的最小孔隙率为1.5%。     

超音速等离子喷涂Cr_2O_3涂层的显微组织及耐磨性能

采用超音速等离子喷涂技术在45钢基体上喷涂制备Cr2O3陶瓷涂层。利用XRD、SEM、显微硬度仪及Image-pro Plus图形软件对涂层进行表征与分析及孔隙率计算,并通过摩擦磨损试验评价涂层的耐磨性能。结果表明:原始粉末和涂层的物相主要变化为衍射峰宽化,可能是发生了非晶化。超音速等离子喷涂工艺能够制备致密、均匀的Cr2O3涂层。电流为335 A时,涂层的孔隙率为1.8%,显微硬度为1907 HV0.3,涂层中的孔隙主要为类球状孔隙和少量的横向缝隙。电流对涂层的表面形貌具有很大的影响。电流为335 A时,涂层表现出优异的耐磨性能。     

等离子喷涂Cr2O3-8％TiO2涂层参数优化研究

等离子喷涂陶瓷涂层与基体的结合强度往往较小,限制了其实际应用,为了提高结合强度,用正交试验方法研究了等离子喷涂工艺的4个主要参数(喷涂距离、电流、主气流量和辅气流量)对Cr2O3-8%TiO2涂层结合强度的影响,确定了优化工艺并进行了验证试验,比较了工艺优化前后涂层的结合强度、孔隙率和显微硬度.结果表明:影响涂层结合强度的因素主次顺序是喷涂距离、电流、辅气流量、主气流量,工艺优化后能显著提高Cr2O3-8%TiO2涂层的性能,优化工艺喷涂的 Cr2O3-8%TiO2涂层结合强度达到29.2MPa,孔隙率为3.80%,显微硬度为2 528HV.     

基于遗传神经网络的等离子喷涂纳米ZrO2-7%Y2O3涂层工艺参数优化

将BP神经网络和遗传算法相结合用于等离子喷涂纳米ZrO2-7％ Y2O3涂层的工艺参数优化,根据正交试验结果对模型结构进行训练,建立了喷涂距离、喷涂电流、主气压力、辅气压力与涂层结合强度和显微硬度之间的BP神经网络模型,并基于遗传算法对涂层结合强度和显微硬度进行了单目标和多目标参数优化.结果表明,模型预测值与试验值十分接近,说明该网络模型是正确和可靠的.遗传算法优化的涂层最大结合强度和显微硬度(HV)分别为44.0 MPa和12.663 GPa;当涂层结合强度和显微硬度两个性能参数权重相同时,在喷涂距离90.66 mm、喷涂电流934.63 A、主气压力0.304MPa和辅气压力0.898 MPa时涂层综合性能最优.     

超音速等离子喷涂工艺对纳米Al_2O_3-13%TiO_2涂层的影响

采用四因素三水平正交试验,通过显微硬度和孔隙率两项指标的评估,对超音速等离子喷涂电流、电压、Ar气流量和喷涂距离4个工艺参数进行了优化设计。结果表明,4个因素对纳米Al2O3-13%TiO2涂层综合性能的影响主次顺序是:喷涂电压、Ar气流量、喷涂距离、喷涂电流,并最终确定了最优的喷涂参数。利用XRD、SEM等手段分析了纳米Al2O3-13%TiO2复合粉末和涂层的相结构和微观结构,采用显微硬度计和图像处理方法测定了涂层的显微硬度和孔隙率。最优工艺参数制备的涂层显微硬度值1208 HV,孔隙率为2.26%,拉伸法测定其结合强度为48 MPa。     

等离子喷涂工艺参数对Cr_2O_3涂层组织和磨损性能的影响

通过改变PLC控制的等离子喷涂工艺参数,研究了喷涂电流、电压、氩气流量和喷涂距离对Cr2O3涂层磨损性能和显微组织的影响。结果表明,Cr2O3粉末喷涂的最佳电流、氩气流量、电压和喷涂距离分别为450 A、45 L/min、60 V和90 mm。纳米级Cr2O3涂层形成了片状组织和纳米颗粒的混合结构,有利于涂层耐磨性和韧性的提高。     

不同摩擦参数下NiCr-Cr3C2涂层摩擦学性能研究

采用超音速等离子喷涂工艺制备了NiCr-Cr3C2涂层,研究了摩擦副、载荷、摩擦频率等不同摩擦条件对涂层摩擦学性能的影响。结果表明:超音速等离子制备的NiCr-Cr3C2涂层均匀致密,具有较高硬度;摩擦副和载荷对摩擦系数有较大影响,摩擦频率对摩擦系数影响较小。     

高速电弧喷涂FeMnCrNi/Cr3C2涂层的工艺优化及磨损性能

采用高速电弧喷涂技术在Q235钢表面制备了FeMnCrNi/Cr₃C₂涂层。通过正交试验研究了喷涂电压、喷涂电流和喷涂距离对涂层形貌及性能的影响,获得了涂层制备的最佳工艺参数。利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、能谱仪、显微硬度仪与激光共聚焦显微镜等研究了最佳工艺参数下制备的FeMnCrNi/Cr₃C₂涂层的形貌及性能。结果表明:影响涂层性能的主次因素顺序为:喷涂距离、喷涂电压、喷涂电流。最佳工艺参数为:喷涂电压31 V、喷涂电流240 A、喷涂距离200 mm。采用最佳工艺参数制备的涂层孔隙率为1.99%,显微硬度为719 HV0.1,是Q235钢的3.5倍,涂层的平均磨痕宽度、深度和截面积分别为281.95μm、4.42μm和564.81μm2,相比Q235钢分别减小了60%、72%和89%,具有更优的耐磨性;涂层的主要磨损形式为磨粒磨损。     

Plasma spray coating of spray-dried Cr2O3/wt.% TiO2 powder

An agglomerated Cr₂O₃/wt.%TiO₂ powder has been fabricated by the spray drying process under different parameters. The spray-dried powder has well-agglomerated particles of spherical shape. In the conditions of the high slurry feed rate and low binder concentration in the slurry, the powder has large cavities inside some particles and ruggedness over their surface. The optimum plasma spray feed rate has been found by examining the spraying behavior of the powder and melted state of particles. The plasma spray coating has been performed under different process variables such as spraying distance and plasma power. These parameters strongly affect the characteristics of the coated layer: microstructure, hardness, and bond strength.     

Effects of critical plasma spray parameter and spray distance on wear resistance of Al2O3-8 wt.%TiO2 coatings plasma-sprayed with nanopowders

Effects of plasma spraying conditions on wear resistance of nanostructured Al₂O₃-8 wt.%TiO₂ coatings plasma-sprayed with nanopowders were investigated in this study. Five kinds of nanostructured coatings were plasma-sprayed on a low-carbon steel substrate by varying critical plasma spray parameter (CPSP) and spray distance. The coatings consisted of fully melted region of γ-Al₂O₃ and partially melted region, and the fraction of the partially melted regions and pores decreased with increasing CPSP or decreasing spray distance. The hardness and wear test results revealed that the hardness of the coatings increased with increasing CPSP or decreasing spray distance, and that the hardness increase generally led to the increase in wear resistance, although the hardness and wear resistance were not correlated in the coating fabricated with the low CPSP. The main wear mechanism was a delamination one in the coatings, but an abrasive wear mode also appeared in the coating fabricated with the low CPSP. According to these wear mechanisms, the improvement of wear resistance in the coating fabricated with the low CPSP could be explained because the improved resistance to fracture due to the presence of partially melted regions might compensate a deleterious effect of the hardness decrease.     

响应曲面法在大气等离子喷涂工艺研究中的应用

将响应曲面法应用于大气等离子喷涂Cr2O3涂层的工艺研究中,对喷涂电流、等离子气体成分和喷距等因素的显著性及交互作用的影响程度进行了分析,给出了涂层沉积厚度的拟合数学模型。研究表明,响应曲面法弥补了传统单变量和全因子优化实验的不足,可以运用到热喷涂领域的实验设计和数据分析中。     

Microstructure and adhesion of Cr3C2-NiCr vacuum plasma sprayed coatings

Vacuum plasma spraying (VPS) was used to spray a Cr₃C₂-NiCr coating of ∼ 150, 300 and 450 μm in thickness onto a plain carbon steel substrate, employing a commercially available Cr20Ni9.5C powder. The splat microstructures observed in the coating were found to consist of a NiCr matrix with a predominant Cr₃C₂ phase, besides Cr₇C₃ and Cr₂O₃. The adhesion of the coating to the substrate was evaluated by means of interfacial indentation techniques. It has been found that the interfacial toughness value changes from 7.6 to 10.1 MPa m^1/2 when the thickness increases from 150 to 450 μm. Also, it has been found that the parameter Kca_o, determined by linear regression from the Kca versus 1 / e² curve by means of the interfacial indentation model advanced by Chicot et al., has a value of ∼ 9.8 MPa m^1/2.     

多孔ZrO2-8 wt% Y2O3涂层的制备及性能

航空发动机的效率与转动叶片和机匣之间的间隙密切相关。为了控制转子和静子之间的间隙,需要在机匣表面制备可磨耗的封严涂层。在发动机的高温端,ZrO₂-8wt% Y₂O₃涂层是经常采用的封严涂层基体。涂层中的孔隙可以增加涂层的可磨耗性。本文利用聚苯酯(PHB)增加等离子喷涂的ZrO₂-8 wt% Y₂O₃涂层的孔隙率。为了避免聚苯酯在等离子喷涂过程中的烧损,利用溶胶-凝胶法在聚苯酯颗粒表面沉积一层TiO₂层。文中将讨论采用此方法制成的涂层的形态、孔隙率、硬度和可磨耗性。结果表明,在喷涂粉末中混合包覆型的聚苯酯后,涂层的孔隙率将会得到提升,涂层硬度将会下降。磨耗试验的结果表明涂层的磨耗深度随着涂层孔隙率的增加而增加。     

In-situ TiB2 and Al2O3 formation by DC plasma spraying

In-situ plasma spraying (IPS) is a promising process to fabricate composite coatings with in-situ formed thermodynamically stable phases. In the present study, mechanically alloyed Al-12Si, B₂O₃ and TiO₂ powder was deposited onto an aluminum substrate using atmospheric plasma spraying (APS). It has been observed that, during the coating process, TiB₂ and Al₂O₃ are in-situ formed through the reaction between starting powders and finely dispersed in hypereutectic Al-Si matrix alloy. Also, obtained results demonstrate that in-situ reaction intensity strongly depends on spray conditions.     

反应等离子喷涂 Al2O3-TiB2-Al 复相涂层的反应机理

目的在铝合金表面制备Al2O3-TiB2-Al复合涂层,研究Al,TiO2,B2O3在等离子喷涂中的反应机理。方法采用反应等离子喷涂技术在铝合金表面制备复合涂层,应用扫描电镜与X射线衍射技术测试复合涂层的物相组成和显微组织,并通过燃烧波淬熄试验分析等离子喷涂产物。结果机械球磨可以有效降低粉末发生反应的活化能,等离子喷涂最佳飞行距离范围为150~200 mm。结论喷涂粉末在飞行过程中发生反应,经历了预热、熔化、分解、团聚等过程,验证了最终引燃发生燃烧化学反应的机理。     

The study of NiAl-TiB2 coatings prepared by electro-thermal explosion ultrahigh speed spraying technology

NiAl-TiB₂ composite coatings with 0, 10 and 20 wt.% TiB₂ were synthesized on the Ni-based superalloy substrate using electro-thermal explosion ultrahigh speed spraying technology. The microstructure analysis shows that the coatings consist of submicron grains. The bond between coatings and substrate is metallic cohesion. TiB₂ as a powerful reinforcement is doped in NiAl for increasing its hardness. The isothermal oxidation test is carried out for the composite coatings at 1100 °C in air. The result shows that the oxidation resistance of NiAl coating is higher than that of NiAl-10TiB₂ and NiAl-20TiB₂ coatings. The phases of oxides on the coatings during the process at high temperature have been analyzed by X-ray diffraction. The results show that Al₂O₃ and Cr₂O₃ coexistence on surface of NiAl coating, while Al₂O₃, Cr₂O₃, TiO₂ and a small amount of NiO form on surface of NiAl-10TiB₂ and NiAl-20TiB₂ coatings after oxidation for 4 h.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Al2O3-Cr2O3 composite coatings produced by atmospheric plasma spraying

Al₂O₃, Al₂O₃-Cr₂O₃ and Cr₂O₃ coatings were deposited by atmospheric plasma spraying. Phase composition of powders and as-sprayed coatings was determined by X-ray diffraction. Electron probe microanalyzer was employed to investigate the polished and fractured surface morphologies of the coatings. Mechanical properties including microhardness, fracture toughness and bending strength were evaluated. The results indicate that the addition of Cr₂O₃ is conducive to the stabilization of α-Al₂O₃. Compared with the pure Al₂O₃ and Cr₂O₃ coatings, Al₂O₃-Cr₂O₃ composite coatings show lower porosities and denser structures. Heterogeneous nucleation of α-Al₂O₃ occurs over the isostructural Cr₂O₃ lamellae and partial solid solution of Al₂O₃ and Cr₂O₃ might be occurring as well. Furthermore, grain refining and solid solution strengthening facilitate the mechanical property enhancement of Al₂O₃-Cr₂O₃ composite coatings.