长期时效对一种隔热油管钢组织和性能的影响

采用SEM、EBSD和高温拉伸试验等方法研究了长期时效对一种隔热油管钢显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:无论在350℃还是400℃长期时效,在时效2000 h时,显微组织中的马氏体特征仍很明显,时效5000 h后,马氏体板条特征基本消失。随时效时间的延长,碳化物颗粒尺寸略有增加。抗拉强度Rm、屈服强度Rt0.5,在长期时效2000 h前不仅不降低,反而略有增加,长期时效5000 h后明显降低。N80-Q钢的断后伸长率A,在350℃长期时效时,随时间的延长变化不大,在400℃长期时效时有略微降低的趋势。     

新型高温合金700℃时效组织及力学性能

利用微观组织分析和高温力学性能测试方法，研究了1种新型Ni—Cr—Co基高温合金在700℃长期时效过程中的组织稳定性及其一些力学性能。结果表明：试验合金在700℃时效过程中，析出物有MC，M23C6和γ’；晶内和晶界碳化物MC和M23C6的稳定性好，γ'的粗化为扩散控制的生长过程；在700℃时效初期，室温硬度变化小，随时效时间的增加而减小，这与γ'的粒度、形貌和分布有关；合金的高温拉伸强度和持久强度比Nimonic 263显著提高，且韧塑性好；试验合金在700℃具有稳定的显微组织和较高的高温力学性能。     

310S耐热不锈钢高温长期时效过程中的组织演变

采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜及X射线能谱、显微硬度计和X射线衍射仪研究了310S耐热不锈钢在950 ℃下50~3000 h长时间时效后的显微组织。结果表明,时效后主要析出了碳化物Cr₂₃C₆和σ相两种析出相,时效过程中碳化物Cr₂₃C₆先于σ相析出;随时效时间的延长,碳化物数量先增加然后减少,σ相含量一直在增加。     

时效时间对SP2215同种钢焊接接头微观组织和力学性能的影响

采用手工钨极氩弧焊(manual-gas tungsten arc welding, M-GTAW)和ERNiCr-3焊丝制备了SP2215小径管焊接接头，分析了650℃时效不同时间后接头的微观组织、力学性能及拉伸断裂机理.结果表明：焊态下SP2215母材组织由奥氏体和少量孪晶及一次NbN和Z相组成，焊缝金属以完全奥氏体组织凝固形成柱状晶，Nb元素在枝晶间偏析并形成呈链状分布的一次NbC相；时效50 h后SP2215母材奥氏体晶界处开始析出M₂₃C₆，并随时效时间延长逐渐粗化，同时焊缝枝晶间逐渐析出NbC相，并随时效时间延长逐渐形成团簇状；母材和焊缝显微硬度均随时效时间延长而升高，均在时效500 h时达到最大值且母材硬度始终高于焊缝硬度；不同时效时间接头室温拉伸时均以韧性方式在焊缝处断裂，但起裂位置和断裂方向随时效时间的延长发生改变，时效0～114 h时以横向拉断柱状晶的方式断裂，起裂位置为枝晶间一次NbC粒子，时效时间为500～2 012 h时以平行于柱状晶方向断裂，起裂位置为枝晶核心；650℃高温拉伸时接头断裂位置随时效时间延长逐渐从焊缝...     

蒸汽轮机用Waspaloy叶片材料长期时效组织及力学性能

研究了Waspaloy合金在标准热处理状态下,700℃长期时效过程中的组织和力学性能变化。结果表明,长期时效过程中Waspaloy合金析出相主要为MC型碳化物,M23C6型碳化物和γ'相,时效过程中并未发现有害TCP相。M23C6型碳化物在晶界呈链状分布,长期时效过程中其大小、分布基本不变,稳定性良好;γ'相在时效100 h后充分析出,尺寸随时效时间延长而长大,γ'粗化规律符合L-S-W理论,5000 h时效后γ'相形貌仍然为球形。时效100 h合金强度有小幅上升,随后随时效时间延长合金强度变化不大。     

时效对Mg-Zn-Zr合金组织性能的影响

研究了Mg-Zn-Zr合金在438K和473K时效过程中的硬化软化现象。合金在时效初期（2h左右）出现了一次明显的时效硬化峰，之后硬度急剧下降；在10h左右又出现小幅二次硬化现象，随着时效时间的增加，材料不断软化。微观结构分析表明，初次时效峰是合金中析出MgZn5．X沉淀相及板条状组织所致。随后MgZn5．X沉淀相及板条状组织开始溶解减少。合金硬度下降,位错组织的形成是导致合金二次硬化的关键因素。在时效过程中沉淀相的溶解以及晶界宽度的增大导致合金软化。     

时效对Cr21Ni6Mn9N钢氢脆敏感性的影响

研究了650℃时效1—1000h对Cr21 Ni6Mn9N钢组织和氢脆敏感性的影响。结果表明,时效过程中,晶界上析出M_3C_6型碳化物,晶界附近出现贫Cr区。随时效时间的延长,碳化物变大并相互连接。晶界附近的贫Cr程度则随时效时间的延长逐渐加剧,但在100h以后又趋于恢复,当时效达1000h时恢复到与时效1—2h的试样相近。钢的氢脆敏感性随时效时间的增加而提高,并不因贫Cr现象的减轻而下降。这表明晶界碳化物的出现是时效过程中钢的氢脆敏感性提高的主要原因。     

650 ℃时效SP2215奥氏体耐热钢管的微观组织和力学性能

通过OM、SEM、TEM和显微硬度、室温冲击以及高温拉伸试验,研究了650 ℃时效不同时间后SP2215奥氏体耐热钢管的微观组织、力学性能及断裂机理。结果表明,固溶态SP2215钢微观组织由奥氏体,少量孪晶及未溶NbN和Z相组成;650 ℃时效时Cr23C6优先在奥氏体晶界析出,且随时效时间延长逐渐增多、粗化并形成连续网状;球形富Cu相在奥氏体晶内析出且尺寸稳定,时效2012 h约为15 nm;SP2215钢晶内室温显微硬度在时效50 h时基本达到最大值,之后趋于稳定,这与稳定富Cu相的析出强化作用有关;SP2215钢具有明显的高温时效脆化倾向,时效2012 h室温冲击吸收功较固溶态降低约78.5%,室温冲击断裂随时效时间延长由韧性断裂向沿晶脆性断裂转变,这是由Cr23C6在奥氏体晶界析出并逐渐聚集、粗化导致的。SP2215钢在650 ℃,2.5×10-4 s-1应变速率下拉伸时出现锯齿流变（Portevin-Le Chatelier, PLC）现象,锯齿类型为Type(A+B),随时效时间延长PLC逐渐“减弱”,但锯齿类型不变;随时效时间延长SP2215钢高温拉伸屈服强度基本保持稳定,抗拉强度和断面收缩率逐渐降低,高温拉伸断裂由韧性断裂向准解理脆性断裂转变。     

时效时间对Cu-0.2Be-0.5Co合金组织及性能的影响

研究了时效时间对Cu-0.2Be-0.5Co合金显微硬度和导电率的影响,采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察分析了微观组织随时效时间的变化。结果表明:Cu-0.2Be-0.5Co合金在460℃时效条件下显微硬度和导电率随时效时间的变化规律基本一致:时效初期(0~2 h)急剧升高,时效中期(2~4 h)缓慢增加,时效后期(4~8 h)趋于稳定。析出相结构为Be12Co化合物相,与Cu基体的位向关系为[112]α∥[011]Be12Co。析出相的大量析出和弥散分布导致合金硬度的显著增加,由固溶态的97 HV0.1增加至时效2 h后的243 HV0.1;铜基体晶格畸变程度的恢复导致合金导电率显著增加,由固溶态的32.3%IACS增加至时效2 h后的57.1%IACS。在试验范围内,Cu-0.2Be-0.5Co合金经950℃×1 h固溶+460℃×2 h时效处理后综合性能优良。     

长期时效对一种镍基单晶高温合金组织演化及持久性能的影响

研究了长期时效对一种镍基单晶高温合金显微组织及持久性能的影响。结果表明:800℃时效1000h后,γ′相仍保持立方体形态;980℃时效1000h、1010℃时效500h后,γ′相逐渐连接形筏。980℃时效500h、1010℃时效100h后,μ相以针状和颗粒状形态逐渐析出,980℃时随时效时间延长,μ相逐渐增加,1010℃时随时效时间延长,μ相先增加后减少。800℃长期时效后合金的持久寿命变化不大,980,1010℃时随时效温度升高和时效时间延长,合金的持久寿命递减。     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

Information for Contributors

正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis     

Preface

<正>We are pleased to present this Special Issue of Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China containing selected papers from the First Asian Conference on Aluminum Alloys(ACAA-2013),held in Beijing,China,13–17 October 2013.This conference has been initiated,with approval of     

Information for Contributors

The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China, is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology, including mineral processing, extraction metallurgy, metallic materials and heat treatments, metal working, physical metallurgy, powder metallurgy, with the emphasis on fundamental science. It is the unique preeminent publication in English for scientists, engineers, under/post-graduates on the field of nonferrous metals industry. This journal is covered by many famous abstract/index systems and databases such as SCI Expanded, Ei Compendex Plus, 1NSPEC, CA, METADEX, AJ and JICST.     

INTRODUCTION TO PATENTS

The invention provides a method of making a mold which can reduce SOx generation rate while preventing decrease in hardening rate in the case of using sulfuric acid for a hardener composition. The method has a mixture step in which fire-resistant particles, a hardener composition and a binder composition are mixed to obtain a composition for a mold. The hardener composition contains sulfuric acid. In the mixture step, sodium carbonate is added. A molar ratio of the sulfuric acid to the sodium carbonate is 0.5 or more and 4.0 or less.     

China Foundry Week 2014

China Foundry Week, hosted by the Foundry Institution of Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society （FICMES） each year, is a large academic event in China. It is one of the ten high-impact activities sponsored by the Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society.     

17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering Call for papers

正1.Contents In order to promote the academic exchanges and technical communication of the research in the field of fluid power transmission and control,fluid control engineering specialized committee of the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics will hold the 17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering on July 27-29,2014 in Tibet,Lhasa city.     

Formulas of Tension of Continuous Rolling Process

The development of computer controlled continuous rolling process calls for a mathematical expression that can express the inequality condition of "constant flow". Tension is the link of the continuous rolling process. From the condition of dynamic equilibrium, a differential equation of tension is given out. On the basis of the physical rules established from the industrial practice and experimental studies, the law of volume constancy, the linear relation of forward slip and tension, the state equation of continuous rolling, the formula of dynamic tension, and the formula of static tension have been obtained. These formulae reflect the functional relations between tensions, thickness, roll velocity, and time in the continuous rolling process. It is implied that the continuous rolling process is a gradually steady, controllable, and measurable dynamic system. An assumption of predicting the thickness of a steel plate using these tension formulae is also put forward.