钛合金板材激光弯曲成形工艺参量分析与弯曲角度预测

为了分析激光弯曲成形过程中各个工艺参数对弯曲角度的影响,从而对弯曲角度进行预测,在激光弯曲成形过程中对激光功率、光斑大小、扫描速度、扫描次数、线能量密度等参数进行了合理控制,根据实验结果分析了各个工艺参量对弯曲角度的影响,并基于最小二乘法对激光弯曲角度进行了预测。结果表明当光斑大小和扫描速率等工艺参数恒定时,工件的形变角度随功率增大而逐渐增大,弯曲角度随扫描速率的增加呈先增后减的凸函数曲线形状;弯曲角度与扫描次数近似呈线性关系;弯曲角度随线能量密度增大先增大后减小。若激光弯曲后工件能够得到充分冷却,则每次扫描引起的角度增量基本相等。本实验条件下,线能量密度取6. 7 J·mm-2时可在多次加工后获得最大弯曲角度。     

双相高强钢板的激光弯曲成形数值模拟

为了探究汽车车身用DP980双相高强钢板的激光弯曲成形特性以及激光参数对弯曲角的影响,利用ABAQUS有限元分析软件对DP980双相高强钢板的激光弯曲成形过程进行了数值模拟,研究了激光扫描过程中板材内部的温度场分布,揭示了DP980钢板激光弯曲成形的机理;并对激光功率、扫描速度、线能量等激光参数对板材弯曲角的影响进行了分析。结果表明,DP980双相高强度钢板的弯曲角随着激光功率的增加而增加,随着扫描速度的增加而减小,在一定的线能量范围内,弯曲角大小与线能量呈线性增长关系,并推导出了用于预测钢板弯曲角的数学模型。     

激光诱发热应力成形试验研究

利用2kW CO2激光器研究了低碳钢板料的激光弯曲情况,试验结果表明,对于多道扫描激光成形工艺,弯曲角度受到许多工艺参数的影响。其中,激光功率、光束直径、扫描速度、扫描次数、板料厚度等参数的效应尤其显著。对试验结果的定性分析,所得的结论可为激光弯曲成形技术的进一步理论研究和可能的工业应用提供依据。     

船用中厚板移动式感应加热成形性实验研究

采用实验的方法,研究了船用Q345中厚板在不同功率、不同加热时间的感应加热热应力成形弯曲角度和曲率半径,研究了15 mm厚钢板多次加热的弯曲角度和曲率半径。结果表明:当钢板没有加热透时,弯曲角度随着加热功率和加热时间的增大而增大,而且增加量越来越小,曲率半径随着弯曲角度的增大而减小;当钢板加热透时,加热线宽度随着弯曲角度的增加而增大,而曲率半径几乎保持不变。随着加热次数的增多,弯曲角度与加热次数成线性增大,功率越高增大速度越快。     

激光弯曲工艺参数对铝合金板材弯曲角度的影响

针对激光弯曲成形铝合金板材时弯曲角度的控制问题,采用光纤激光器进行了不同激光功率和扫描速度的多次扫描对比试验,研究了激光功率、扫描速率和扫描次数等主要参数对铝合金板材弯曲角度的影响。通过正交试验确定了影响板材弯曲角度的因素次序。结果表明:影响铝合金板材弯曲角度的重要性次序为:扫描次数、激光功率、扫描速度。基于MATLAB的拟合功能,运用多项式的最小二乘法获得了拟合图形。     

温度梯度机理下激光参数对激光成形的影响

以纯铝板和低碳钢板为主要研究对象，对温度梯度机理下激光输入功率、扫描速度、离焦量以及扫描次数等参数与成形弯曲角之间的关系进行了试验研究，深入分析了温度梯度机理下影响成形的主要因素。     

中厚船舶钢板激光弯曲成形几何效应的数值模拟

建立板材激光弯曲的三维非线性准静态弹塑性热力耦合有限元模型。使用有限元软件 MSC Marc对中厚船舶钢板的激光弯曲成形过程进行数值模拟。计算了船舶钢板激光弯曲成形过程的温度场和变形场, 并进行相应的实验验证。模拟结果与实验结果吻合较好。用建立的模型对中厚船舶钢板的激光弯曲成形过程中钢板的几何效应进行数值模拟, 讨论了一定工艺条件下钢板几何参数与弯曲角度之间的关系, 为在将来实际生产中制定和优化钢板激光弯曲成形的工艺参数提供理论依据。     

激光参数对Ti6Al4V钛合金激光冲击成形的影响

研究在Ti6Al4V合金激光冲击成形过程中,不同激光参数对板料弯曲角及表层硬度的影响。结果表明:当激光功率密度小于3GW/cm2时,弯曲角随着激光功率密度线性增加,激光功率密度超过3GW/cm2时,由于表面熔化现象的出现,弯曲角出现减小的趋势;板料弯曲角随冲击次数的增加也呈线性增长,但弯曲阻力的增加使得弯曲角的增长速度逐渐减慢;随着激光功率密度的增加,材料表面冲击区的硬度增高,表面硬化层的显微硬度最高达HV490,硬化层厚度约为1.0mm。     

粒子群算法在提高激光弯曲中神经网络泛化性上的应用

采用径向基函数(RBF)神经网络建立了激光弯曲成形过程中激光功率、扫描速度、扫描次数与弯曲角度之间的预测模型。对TC4钛合金板材进行了激光弯曲成形试验,将试验数据作为训练样本对神经网络进行了训练,得到工艺参数与成形角度之间的映射关系。利用粒子群优化算法对RBF网络的参数进行寻优计算。结果表明:使用优化后的网络对测试数据预测时,误差由之前的4.714%减小到0.974%左右;使用粒子群优化算法能显著地提高RBF神经网络在预测激光弯曲成形角度时的泛化能力。     

板材几何尺寸对激光弯曲成形角的影响

为了研究板材几何尺寸对弯曲角的影响,采用有限元法对不同尺寸规格的DP980双相高强钢板的激光弯曲成形过程进行模拟分析,分别讨论了板材的长度、宽度和厚度变化对成形过程中的温度峰值和最终弯曲角的影响。结果表明,DP980钢板的激光弯曲成形角随着板材长度或宽度的增加而增大,随着厚度的增加而减小。当长度和宽度分别从50 mm增加至200 mm时,板材的弯曲角增量分别为6. 8%和16. 4%;当厚度从1. 0 mm增加至2. 2 mm时,弯曲角减小量为60. 3%。同时,利用最小二乘法计算出了板材的长度、宽度和厚度与激光弯曲角之间的数学关系模型。     

Computer simulation and experimental investigation of sheet metal bending using laser beam scanning

Computer simulation and experimental investigation of the sheet metal bending into a V-shape by the laser beam scanning without an external force exerted onto it have been performed. A 3-D FEM simulation has been carried out, which includes a non-linear transient indirect coupled thermal-structural analysis accounting for the temperature dependency of the thermal and mechanical properties of the materials. The bending angle, distribution of stress–strain, temperature and residual stresses have been obtained from the simulations. The sheet metal bending had been performed for different materials, thicknesses, scanning speeds and laser powers. The measurement of real-time temperature and bending angle was carried out. The bending angle is affected by the mechanical and thermal properties of the sheet metal material, the process parameters, and the output of laser energy. The bending angle is increased with the number of laser beam scanning passes and is the function of the laser power and the laser beam scanning speed. The simulation results are in agreement with the experimental results.     

Laser micro-bending process based on the characteristic of the laser polarization

The laser polarization is a basic characteristic of CO₂ and solid-state lasers. The material's absorptivity to laser is dependent upon the laser incident angle. Thus, the laser polarization can be utilized to control the bending angle by changing the laser incident angle during laser bending. The laser polarization is introduced into laser micro-bending, and an experimental system is established. Laser micro-bending process based on the characteristic of the laser polarization is realized. For uncoated stainless steel specimen, the bending angles acquired at bigger incident angles are bigger than those acquired at zero incident angles. The bending angles increase linearly with the increase of the incident angle when the incident angle changes from 60° to 80°. During laser multi-scan bending, the final bending angle no longer varies with the scanning number, and approximately equals to the complement angle of the incident angle when it approaches to the complement angle. By means of adjusting the laser incident angle and scanning velocity, unfinished and finishing laser bending can be realized to satisfy the forming efficiency and accuracy. The absolute error between the final bending angle and the expected angle is less than 0.1°.     

NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF STRAIGHT-LINE LASER FORMING UNDER THE TEMPERATURE GRADIENT MECHANISM

Laser forraing is a new flexible and dieless forming technique. To achieve the high accuracy forming, the temperature gradient mechanism （TGM） is studied. In the analysis of TGM, the plate bends about x-axis and about y-axis as well. To understand the deformation trend, the numerical simulation of deformation of plate is conducted by choosing different laser powers, laser spot diameters, scanning speeds, lengths, widths and thicknesses. From the results of simulation, it can be seen that the laser spot diameter, the scanning speed, laser power and thickness of plate play dominant roles in the laser forming process. However, the bending angles αx and αy show different trends with the variation of parameters. In addition, in comparison with above four parameters, the effect of length and width of plate on the beading angle may be neglected, but their effects are significant for the bending radius R.     

激光弯曲成形1Cr17Ni2不锈钢板料应力-应变场有限元模拟

在综合分析材料热物理性能和力学性能的基础上,建立了板料激光弯曲成形的三维热力耦合模型。利用有限元分析软件对1Cr17Ni2不锈钢板的激光单次扫描弯曲过程进行了数值模拟,得到了应力一应变场模拟结果。模拟结果表明,当高能激光束沿板料表面扫描,在板厚方向会产生强烈的温度梯度,致使加热区材料的塑性应变沿板厚方向差别很大,从而导致板料的弯曲变形。     

The forming of mild steel plates with a 2.5 kW high power diode laser

Bending of 07 M20 mild steel sheets to various degrees using a contemporary 2.5 kW high power diode laser (HPDL) has been successfully demonstrated for the first time. The experimental results revealed that the HPDL induced bending angle increased with an increasing number of irradiations and high laser powers, yet decreased as the traverse speed was increased. It was also apparent from the experimental results that the laser bending angle was only linearly proportional to the number of irradiations when the latter was small. It is believed that the absence of linearity observed when the number of irradiations was high is due to local material thickening along the bend edge. From graphical results and the employment of an analytical model, the laser line energy range in which accurate control of the HPDL bending of the 07 M20 mild steel sheets could be exercised was found to be between 138 and 260 J/mm⁻¹.     

旁轴送粉式激光扫描熔覆工艺研究

以Q235钢为基板,采用IPGYLS-4000型光纤激光器以及旁轴送粉器,搭建旁轴同步送粉式激光扫描熔覆工艺试验平台,在基板上进行熔覆试验。研究了激光功率、扫描速度和扫描宽度对熔覆层成形尺寸和对熔覆层组织的影响,结果表明:随着激光功率增大,铁基合金粉末熔化量提高,单层金属熔覆层的余高增加;扫描速度对熔覆层熔宽和余高的影响均较大,随着扫描速度的降低,金属熔覆层熔宽余高均增加,裂纹数量增多。约束应力是导致熔覆层出现裂纹的主要原因,通过优选工艺参数可以获得工艺良好无裂纹熔覆层,为下一步研究激光扫描多层熔覆无(小)变形焊接技术提供理论和技术依据。     

工艺参数对钛合金激光熔覆 CBN 涂层几何形貌的影响

目的获得制备形貌较佳的CBN激光熔覆层的工艺参数。方法以CBN粉末为熔覆材料,在TC11钛合金表面制备CBN熔覆层。设计正交试验,利用金相法检测熔覆层的几何形貌参数,研究工艺参数(激光功率、扫描速度、离焦量、预置层厚度)对涂层几何形貌的影响规律。结果随着激光功率、扫描速度、离焦量和预置层厚度的增大,熔覆层宽度、高度以及熔池深度都发生相应的改变。其中扫描速度对熔覆层形貌的影响最大,其次为激光功率和预置层厚度,离焦量的影响最小。随着激光功率增大,熔覆层宽度先增大后减小,熔覆层高度逐渐降低,熔池深度逐渐增大。扫描速度、离焦量和预置层厚度的增加都导致熔覆层宽高和熔池深度的减小。结论最优的工艺参数为:激光功率1400W,扫描速度4mm/s,离焦量35mm,预置层厚度0.4mm。