高速焊接时焊缝咬连的形成机理

根据描述弯曲注面上任一点处液面内外压强差的Ｙｏｕｎｇ－Ｌａｐｌａｃｅ方程，从液态金属在重力和表面张力作用下的平衡条件出发，并基于二维假设，建立了描述熔敷金属表面形状的静态平衡模型。以由三相接触线平衡条件确定的接触角θ和单位长度熔敷金属体积为边界条件，采用迭代算法求解Ｙｏｕｎｇ－Ｌａｐｌａｃｅ方程，得出了平板表面上的熔敷金属平衡形态。在此基础上，考虑熔池几何形状的影响，建立了平板推焊时咬边生产机理的     

B4C对高碳铬铁自保护药芯焊丝力学性能的影响

通过改变高碳铬铁中熔覆金属B4C的含量,分别考察了B4C对堆焊熔敷金属金相组织、硬度和不同载荷下耐磨性的影响,并对堆焊熔敷金属磨损形貌进行了分析.结果表明,随B4C含量的增加,初生碳化物的生长方向性越来越明显,成定向生长趋势,并且熔敷金属的宏观硬度逐渐增大,但B元素含量超过0.5%时,硬度变化趋缓;不同载荷磨损条件下,B4C强化的熔敷金属表现出耐磨性不同,堆焊熔敷金属耐磨面碳化物断裂或剥落少时,表现出良好的耐磨性,当碳化物大量断裂或剥落时,耐磨性变差.     

活性剂对焊缝咬边倾向及接头疲劳性能的影响

针对活性剂等离子弧焊焊接过程,对焊缝咬边倾向和焊接接头的疲劳性能进行了研究.结果表明,增加焊接速度虽然可以提高生产效率,但是焊接速度增加后,熔敷金属不易填充焊趾部,容易在焊趾部产生咬边缺陷,加入活性剂可以减小或消除咬边现象.添加活性剂后,熔敷金属增加,电弧力对熔池的压迫作用增强,电弧电压升高,电弧挺度增加,电弧更稳定.这些因素可以促进熔敷金属向焊趾部流动,填充在焊趾部.添加活性剂后,疲劳寿命最多提高了60%左右.通过添加活性剂可以减小或消除咬边,提高焊接接头的疲劳性能.     

非熔化极电渣堆焊

非熔化极电渣堆焊不同于熔化极电渣堆焊,有其独特的适用之处。石墨棒、钨棒或水冷铜棒均可作为非熔化极,但是由于水冷铜棒在熔渣里易发生电腐蚀断裂,且使用寿命相对较短,故其使用较少。堆焊时,由于石墨棒和钨棒的氧化和熔化,其尺寸发生变化,应注意熔入熔敷金属的碳和钨。随着非熔化极电渣堆焊的进行,填充金属和熔渣分别熔化,但它们之间相互关联。尤其是当填充金属的送丝速度增加时,也需通过将电极浸入熔渣内,增大堆焊电流,从而增加熔渣池的输入热量。这些反应都将影响金属熔池的形状和熔敷金属的性质。解决这些问题将有效改善非熔化极电渣堆…     

堆焊

20093282B4C对高碳铬铁自保护药芯焊丝力学性能的影响/王清宝…//焊接学报.-2008,29(11):109~112通过改变高碳铬铁中熔覆金属B4C的含量,分别考察了B4C对堆焊熔敷金属金相组织、硬度和不同载荷下耐磨性的影响,并对堆焊熔敷金属磨损形貌进行了分析。结果表明,随B4C含量的增加,初生碳化物的生长方向性越来越明显,成定向生长趋势,并且熔敷金属的宏观硬度逐渐增大,但B元素含量超过0.5%时,硬度变化趋缓;不同载荷磨损条件下,B4C强化的熔敷金属表现出耐磨性不同,堆焊熔敷金属耐磨面碳化物断裂或剥落少时,表现出良好的耐磨性,当碳化物大量断裂或剥落时,耐磨性变差。图5表3参420093283焊条电弧堆焊自熔性合金复合粉末的研究/张勇…//焊接.-2008(12):51~54采用焊条电弧焊堆焊技术,在Q235钢表面堆焊铁基、铁基和镍基复合粉末。研究添加自熔性合金粉末后堆焊层的性能状况。利用金相显微镜对堆焊层的金相组织进行了研究,通过硬度和磨损试验测试了堆焊层表面的硬度和耐磨性。结果表明,添加铁基自熔性合金或铁镍混合自熔性合金粉末均提高了堆焊层的硬度,并且随着添加量的增加,硬度和耐磨性也有相应的提高,且...     

堆焊

20093282B4C对高碳铬铁自保护药芯焊丝力学性能的影响/王清宝…//焊接学报.-2008,29(11):109~112通过改变高碳铬铁中熔覆金属B4C的含量,分别考察了B4C对堆焊熔敷金属金相组织、硬度和不同载荷下耐磨性的影响,并对堆焊熔敷金属磨损形貌进行了分析。结果表明,随B4C含量的增加,初生碳化物的生长方向性越来越明显,成定向生长趋势,并且熔敷金属的宏观硬度逐渐增大,但B元素含量超过0.5%时,硬度变化趋缓;不同载荷磨损条件下,B4C强化的熔敷金属表现出耐磨性不同,堆焊熔敷金属耐磨面碳化物断裂或剥落少时,表现出良好的耐磨性,当碳化物大量断裂或剥落时,耐磨性变差。图5表3参420093283焊条电弧堆焊自熔性合金复合粉末的研究/张勇…//焊接.-2008(12):51~54采用焊条电弧焊堆焊技术,在Q235钢表面堆焊铁基、铁基和镍基复合粉末。研究添加自熔性合金粉末后堆焊层的性能状况。利用金相显微镜对堆焊层的金相组织进行了研究,通过硬度和磨损试验测试了堆焊层表面的硬度和耐磨性。结果表明,添加铁基自熔性合金或铁镍混合自熔性合金粉末均提高了堆焊层的硬度,并且随着添加量的增加,硬度和耐磨性也有相应的提高,且...     

埋弧药芯焊丝Nb、V合金元素含量对堆焊熔敷金属耐腐蚀性能的影响

1Cr13马氏体不锈钢常用于制造冶金轧辊、汽轮机叶片、泵轴等零件,这些零件因腐蚀产生的表面微缺陷常导致零件断裂失效,向堆焊熔敷金属中过渡适量特定合金元素,可有效改善其耐腐蚀性能。文中在1Cr13药芯焊丝配方的基础上,通过添加不同含量的铌铁和钒铁(3.2 wt.%、6 wt.%、10 wt.%)制备了三种埋弧药芯焊丝进行堆焊试验,分析堆焊熔敷金属的显微组织,并研究Nb、V含量对堆焊熔敷金属耐腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,随着药芯焊丝中铌铁和钒铁含量的增加,堆焊熔敷金属中析出相的数量逐渐增多,这些析出相为含Nb、V的碳氮化物,能有效抑制富Cr析出相的形成,提高基体中的有效Cr含量;大量均匀分布的析出相有利于腐蚀从多位置发生,促进了堆焊熔敷金属的均匀腐蚀,改善了堆焊熔敷金属的耐腐蚀性能。但含Nb和V的析出相过度析出会使基体中大量C、N原子脱溶,导致堆焊熔敷金属硬度下降。     

2205型双相不锈钢带极电渣堆焊材料的研制

研制出2205型双相不锈钢带极电渣堆焊材料,H2205焊带及其匹配焊剂SJ26B,解决了工程上采用2209型双相不锈钢带极堆焊材料熔敷金属铁素体含量很难达到40％的难题。采用该套材料进行带极电渣堆焊试验,结果表明：堆焊工艺性能极佳,冶金性能优异,熔敷金属力学性能、耐蚀性能优良,熔敷金属铁素体含量为40％-60％,满足工程实际需要。     

Nb-Ni-Ti-B强化药芯焊丝堆焊金属组织结构及耐磨性分析

针对Nb-Ni-Ti-B强化药芯焊丝堆焊金属进行研究,采用XRD和SEM分析了样品的相结构和显微结构;研究发现焊丝熔敷金属中的Fe2B能使熔敷金属堆焊层更加稳固,具有良好的抗剥离性能,Fe2B的硬度高、耐磨性好、分布均匀,镶嵌在熔敷金属的基体中有着骨架的作用,使该合金具有了良好的耐磨性;堆焊金属中的TiC为NbC提供了凝结核,形成NbC+TiC复合相,在提高耐磨性的同时有利于促进NbC弥散分布。NbC+TiC复合相弥散分布在熔敷金属中,部分NbC+TiC复合相嵌于Fe2B组织中有利于固化Fe2B组织。通过Nb-Ni-Ti-B强化药芯焊丝堆焊金属与5C-27Cr型高碳高铬合金焊丝熔敷金属磨损试验比较,Nb-Ni-Ti-B强化堆焊金属相对5C-27Cr型高碳高铬合金的耐磨性为2.08。     

平板工件表面电渣带极堆焊的电磁力分布

电渣带极堆焊过程中,由于电磁约束力的存在,使堆焊层两侧焊趾存在强烈的收缩力,从而产生咬边现象.对于带极堆焊过程中咬边的现象,建立了平板工件的电磁场模型.通过数值模拟手段,对平板工件中的电磁力分布进行了模拟,发现工件中的电磁场与堆焊电极的位置相关.与母材中心的焊道相比,当焊道处于母材边缘时,磁场及电磁收缩力将会产生一个突...     

Rheology Feature of Simple Metal Melt

The rheology feature of Sb, Bi melt and alloys was studied using coaxial cylinder high-temperature viscometer. The results showed that the curve of torsion-rotational speed for Sb melt presents a linear relation in all measured temperature ranges, whereas for the Bi melt, the curve presents obvious non-Newtonian feature within the low temperature range and at relative high shear stress. The rheology feature of Sb80Bi20 and Sb20Bi80 alloy melts was well correlated with that of Sb and Bi, respectively. It is considered that the rheology behavior of Sb melt plays a crucial role in Sb80Bi20 alloy and that of Bi melt plays a crucial role in Sb20Bi80 alloy.     

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of a Newly Developed Austenitic Heat Resistant Steel

The effect of heat treatment on the microstructures and mechanical properties of a newly developed austenitic heat resistant steel(named as T8 alloy) for ultra-supercritical applications have been studied. Results show that the main phases in the alloy after solution treatment are γ and primary MX. Subsequent aging treatment causes the precipitation of M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries and a small number of nanoscale MX inside the grains. In addition, with increasing the aging temperature and time, the morphology of M_(23)C_6 carbides changes from semi-continuous chain to continuous network.Compared with a commercial HR3C alloy, T8 alloy has comparable tensile strength, but higher stress rupture strength. The dominant cracking mechanism of the alloy during tensile test at room temperature is transgranular, while at high temperature, intergranular cracking becomes the main cracking mode, which may be caused by the precipitation of continuous M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries. Typical intergranular cracking is the dominant cracking mode of the alloy at all stress rupture tests.     

The 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014held in Qingdao China

Organized by Suppliers China Co., Ltd and co-organized by the National Technical Committee 54 on Foundry of Standardization Administration of China, the 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014 （hereinafter referred to as FSC 2014） was successfully held on Sep. 23rd in Grand Regency Hotel, Qingdao. More than 500 delegates from home and abroad attended this conference, including over 130 purchasers from 20 countries and 380 domestic and foreign suppliers.     

Secondary Recrystallization Behaviors of Grain-Oriented 6.5 wt% Silicon Steel Sheets Produced by Rolling and Nitriding Processes

By rolling and nitriding processes, 0.23- to 0.3-mm-thick grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel sheets were produced. The core losses of grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel at frequencies ranging from 400 Hz to 20 k Hz were lower than that of the grain-oriented 3 wt% silicon steel with the same thickness by 16.6–35.8%. The secondary recrystallization behavior was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and electron backscattered diffraction. The results show that the secondary recrystallization in high-silicon steel sheets develops more completely as the nitrogen content increases after nitriding, secondary recrystallized grain sizes become larger, and the sharpness of Goss texture increases. Because more {110}116 grains in the subsurface and the central layer of the sheets have a lot of 20°–45° high-energy boundaries in addition to Goss grains, {110}116 can be the main component through selective growth during secondary recrystallization when the inhibitor quantity is not enough and inhibitor intensity is weaker. The increases in nitrogen content can increase the inhibitor intensity and hinder abnormal growth of a mount of {110}116 grains and therefore enhance the sharpness of Goss texture.     

Laser Cladded TiCN Coatings on the Surface of Titanium

Laser cladded coatings of TiCN were produced on the surface of titanium. To obtain the optimal techniques, several conditions were tested by varying the laser scanning rate. The choice of shielding gas was also studied. The cladded coatings were then evaluated from the surface mechanics point of view based on their microhardness. The microstructure of some interesting samples was investigated by optical micrographs (OM). The results showed that under the condition of fixed pulse frequency and pulse width, the laser scanning rate and the shielding gas are the main factors influencing the components of coatings. TiCN coatings were decompounded and oxidized during the cladding process in the condition of no shielding gas of N2. X-ray diffraction results indicated that the composite coatings composed of TiCN, TiC, Ti2N, and TiO2 were produced using appropriate techniques. The results indicated that the best condition in terms of the surface microhardness is obtained when the scanning rate is 1.5mm / s, the pulse frequency is 15Hz, the pulse width is 3.0ms, and N2 is chosen as the shielding gas. The microhardness of the composite coatings is about 1331kg · mm - 2, which is about 4 times that of the substrate. The optical micrographs indicated that the cladding zone is made up of TiCN, TiO2, and some interdendritic Ti, but the diffusion zone mainly consists of the dendrites phase, and the cladded depth is about 80?滋m, which is more than 2 times that of the laser nitrided sample. There were no microcracks or air bubbles in the cladded sample, which was cladded using the above optimal techniques.     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of X80 Pipeline Steel Joints by Friction Stir Welding Under Various Cooling Conditions

X80 pipeline steel plates were friction stir welded(FSW) under air, water, liquid CO_2 + water, and liquid CO_2 cooling conditions, producing defect-free welds. The microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of these FSW joints were studied. Coarse granular bainite was observed in the nugget zone(NZ) under air cooling, and lath bainite and lath martensite increased signifi cantly as the cooling medium temperature reduced. In particular, under the liquid CO_2 cooling condition, a dual phase structure of lath martensite and fi ne ferrite appeared in the NZ. Compared to the case under air cooling, a strong shear texture was identifi ed in the NZs under other rapid cooling conditions, because the partial deformation at elevated temperature was retained through higher cooling rates. Under liquid CO_2 cooling, the highest transverse tensile strength and elongation of the joint reached 92% and 82% of those of the basal metal(BM), respectively, due to the weak tempering softening. A maximum impact energy of up to 93% of that of the BM was obtained in the NZ under liquid CO_2 cooling, which was attributed to the operation of the dual phase of lath martensite and fi ne ferrite.     

INDUSTRY NEWS

China Securities News reported on March 21, 2014： Guangdong Hongtu Wuhan Die Casting Co., Ltd. （Wuhan Hongtu）, a wholly owned subsidiary of Guangdong Hongtu Technology （Holdings） Co., Ltd., held a groundbreaking ceremony recently. With the registered capital of 50 million Yuan, Wuhan Hongtu has a total land area of 100,000 square meters and a plant construction area of 72,000 square meters. It is expected to have a production capacity of about 30,000 tonnes of aluminum castings annually after it is put into production.     

Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Behavior of Extruded Mg–Zn–Ag Alloys with Single-Phase Structure

Mg–Zn–Ag alloys have been extensively studied in recent years for potential biodegradable implants due to their unique mechanical properties,biodegradability and biocompatibility.In the present study,Mg–3Zn-x Ag(wt%,x=0.2,0.5 and0.8)alloys with single-phase crystal structure were prepared by backward extrusion at 340°C.The addition of Ag element into Mg–3Zn slightly influences the ultimate tensile strength and microstructure,but the elongation firstly increases from12%to 19.8%and then decreases from 19.8%to 9.9%with the increment of Ag concentration.The tensile yield strength,ultimate tensile strength and elongation of Mg–3Zn–0.2Ag alloy reach up to 142,234 MPa and 19.8%,respectively,which are the best mechanical performance of Mg–Zn–Ag alloys in the present work.The extruded Mg–3Zn–0.2Ag alloy also possesses the best corrosion behavior with the corresponding corrosion rate of 3.2 mm/year in immersion test,which could be explained by the single-phase and uniformly distributed grain structure,and the fewer twinning.     

Growth Morphologies of a Binary Alloy with Low Anisotropy in Directional Solidification

Two new classes of growth morphologies, called doublons and seaweed, were simulated using a phase-field method. The evolution of doublon and seaweed morphologies was obtained in directional solidification. The influence of orientation and velocity on the growth morphology was investigated. It was indicated that doublons preferred growing with its crystallographic axis aligned with the heat flow direction. Seaweed, on the other hand, could be obtained by tilting the crystalline axis to 45°. Stable doublons could only exist in a range of velocity regime. Beyond this regime the patterns formed would be unstable. The simulation results agreed with the reported experimental results qualitatively.