焊后热处理对铝锂合金电子束焊接头组织与性能的影响

对2090铝锂合金电子束焊接头进行焊后热处理,热处理工艺为530℃固溶0.5h+190℃时效12h。结果发现,焊接接头的抗拉强度由焊态下的331MPa提高到热处理后的415MPa,焊后热处理使接头的强度大大提高。金相组织观察表明,铝锂合金电子束焊接头经过热处理后焊缝晶粒形貌由焊态下的等轴树枝晶转变成等轴晶,并且在晶粒内部和晶界处析出细小的强化相。XRD相结构分析显示接头焊缝中的强化相主要为δ′(Al3Li)、T1(Al2CuLi)、β′(Al3Zr)等。TEM观察证实,热处理后2090铝锂合金接头焊缝中析出了多量的球状δ′相和针状T1相。拉伸断口分析表明,铝锂合金电子束焊接头在焊态下为带韧窝的穿晶断裂,经过热处理后接头断裂模式转变为沿晶断裂。     

焊后热处理对GH648镍基合金氩弧焊接头组织和性能影响的研究

通过对GH648镍基高温合金板材氩弧焊工艺的试验研究,确定了合理的焊接工艺及工艺参数,探讨了焊后热处理制度对焊接接头组织和性能的影响。结果表明:GH648合金的焊接性良好,采用合适的焊接工艺参数,焊缝内部质量优良;焊接接头经900℃时效热处理,在晶内有大量条状α-Cr相及少量γ′相析出,在800℃温度下进行消除应力热处理,在晶内析出了大量的γ′相,未发现α-Cr相,γ′相和α-Cr相含量的多少显著影响焊接接头的抗拉强度和塑性;采用合理的焊后热处理制度,可获得满意的接头力学性能。     

焊后热处理对Ti-22Al-27Nb合金激光焊接接头组织与高温性能的影响

研究焊后热处理对激光焊接2.5 mm厚Ti-22Al-27Nb合金组织和高温力学性能的影响。结果表明,Ti-22Al-27Nb合金激光焊接焊缝组织为单一的B2相。焊缝650℃高温抗拉强度为母材的75%,塑性则仅为母材塑性的40%左右。拉伸断口形貌为岩石状,呈现沿晶断裂特征。经过焊后热处理,焊缝组织为B2相+O相。相对于未热处理接头,热处理后焊缝和热影响区的硬度下降很多并趋于平缓。热处理温度750℃、保温时间1 h时焊接接头650℃高温抗拉强度达到了母材的87.5%,塑性为母材的82.2%,接头断裂形式为解理断裂。     

热处理对Ti_2AlNb合金电子束焊接接头组织和性能的影响

采用光学显微镜、拉伸试验机及显微硬度计研究了热处理对Ti_2Al Nb合金电子束焊接接头组织与性能的影响。结果表明,Ti_2Al Nb合金电子束原始焊接组织由α2相、B2相和O相组成,经不同温度的热处理获得不同形态的O相,以强化焊缝强度。经850℃×2 h炉冷热处理后室温和高温力学性能最佳,韧性也最佳。Ti_2Al Nb合金电子束焊接接头经850℃热处理可提高焊缝显微硬度,断口呈现解理断裂和韧窝断裂相结合的特征。     

不同使用温度下DD6单晶高温合金的组织演变行为

对完全热处理后的第二代单晶高温合金DD6分别在1100、1150、1200、1250、1300和1320℃温度下保温1 h后再进行空冷处理。用扫描电镜(SEM)分析经不同温度处理后合金的显微组织,通过JMat Pro相图计算和差热分析讨论合金的组织演变机理。结果表明:DD6合金在1100、1150和1200℃保温处理后,γ′相尺寸稍有增大;1250℃保温处理后,γ′相尺寸明显增大,大小分布极不均匀,大部分γ′/γ相界面为锯齿状;1300℃保温处理后,少部分未完全回溶的γ′相具有锯齿状的γ′/γ相界面,大部分γ′相回溶后重新析出不规则、细小的γ′相;1320℃保温处理后,γ′相完全回溶后重新析出不规则、细小的γ′相。合金经不同温度处理后,γ′相长大或溶解、或重新析出的相大小、形态和体积分数均不相同。在1100℃热处理后,合金中γ′相体积分数比完全热处理合金稍有增加;在其他温度下处理后,合金中γ′相体积分数比完全热处理合金的均不同程度地减小。合金完全热处理后和经过1320℃保温处理后,基体通道中没有二次γ′相析出;而在1100~1300℃热处理后,基体通道中析出细小的二次γ′相。合金在不同温度处理后得到明显不同特征的组织,表明使用温度对合金的组织有显著的影响。     

热处理对Ti650钛合金电子束焊接组织和力学性能的影响

对Ti650合金电子束焊接样品进行了不同制度的热处理,研究了焊后热处理工艺对合金焊接样品的组织和力学性能影响。结果表明,Ti650合金真空电子束焊缝焊后主要以亚稳马氏体α′相为主。经700℃/2 h AC退火后,焊缝中马氏体α′相发生近平衡相变α′→α,同时焊缝中析出大量次生短针状α相。经1010℃/1.5 h WC+650℃/2 h AC处理后,α相发生了明显粗化和等轴化。次生析出的短针状α与原始粗化的α片层相结合有效地提高焊缝强度,阻碍了裂纹的扩展,使焊接接头在该条件下具有较好的强度和塑性。经固溶时效后再经700℃/2hAC处理,晶界处逐渐析出等轴α,弱化了晶界强度,引起其塑性的降低。综合分析焊缝区的组织和性能,Ti650合金焊接样品采用1010℃/1.5 h WC+650℃/2 h AC进行焊后热处理,焊缝和基体的性能能够获得较好匹配。     

CuCrZr合金电子束焊接头微观组织与力学性能优化

本文针对聚变堆新型波导管结构材料CuCrZr合金开展电子束焊接探索,结合微观表征和力学试验,系统研究了焊接工艺和焊后热处理条件对接头显微组织与力学性能的影响。在此基础上解析了接头的形成机制及焊接工艺调控接头组织性能的本质原因。结果表明：CuCrZr合金电子束焊接头由热影响区、熔合区和焊缝区组成,其中热影响区又可分为细晶区和粗晶区。接头最佳抗拉强度达到了333 MPa,满足ITER中波导管的焊接要求(>280 MPa)。焊后热处理能显著改善接头的显微组织与应力分布。接头在500℃热处理12 h的抗拉强度达到了408 MPa,比未热处理的接头提高了22.3%。焊后热处理促进了焊缝区中Cr相析出,增强了析出强化效应。     

低膨胀高温合金GH783电子束焊接头组织及性能研究

采用电子束焊接的方法焊接GH783合金,焊缝枝晶间偏析生成Laves/γ相共晶,1 121℃固溶处理后大部分Laves/γ相消除,β相在枝晶间析出,标准热处理后β相的数量增加,γ’相在基体中弥散析出。焊接接头的硬度分布较为均匀,焊缝中的γ-γ’-β三相组织保证了接头的力学性能,使接头的室温抗拉强度比母材略高,650℃的抗拉强度与塑性均高于母材,750℃的抗拉强度和塑性与母材接近,接头同时具有优良的持久性能。     

焊后热处理对Ti3Al电子束焊缝组织形态的影响

通过对Ti3AlNb电子束焊接接头进行650 ℃/2 h和1 000 ℃/2 h的热处理,研究了两种热处理机制的电子束焊接Ti3AlNb电子束焊缝组织形态的影响.试验结果发现Ti3AlNb电子束焊缝中主要是B2相的柱状晶亚结构,不同的焊后热处理机制的焊缝组织形态差异较大.1 000 ℃/2 h热处理后焊缝为α2相和B2相相间的层片状组织(魏氏组织),650 ℃/2 h热处理后焊缝B2相晶界和晶内析出了少量小块状α2相.两种热处理机制都将使接头区域硬度分布趋于均匀化,但1 000 ℃热处理工艺会使接头区域硬度存在某种程度的整体软化现象.     

焊后热处理对S30408/Q345R不锈钢复合板耐蚀性能的影响

研究了焊后热处理对S30408/Q345R不锈钢复合板焊接接头的显微组织、耐晶间腐蚀性能、抗应力腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,经580℃×2 h焊后热处理后,焊接接头过渡层焊缝与基层焊缝熔合线附近出现了合金元素扩散,脱碳层范围减小;焊后热处理后,焊接接头的耐晶间腐蚀性能下降,腐蚀裂纹位于焊缝熔合线附近;焊接接头的抗应力腐蚀性能受焊后热处理影响不大,慢应变速率拉伸断裂接头未发现二次断裂,S30408不锈钢覆层应力腐蚀破裂敏感性比值低,应力腐蚀敏感性小。     

焊后热处理对AA7075铝合金DP-MIG焊接接头组织及力学性能的影响

采用双脉冲熔化极精性气体保护焊（DP-MIG）工艺方法焊接AA7075-T651铝合金,焊接试板采用固溶处理（480℃×50 min）后水淬,再进行（80℃×24 h）+（120℃×24 h）两级人工时效热处理,通过金相观察、扫描电镜观察、X射线衍射分析、拉伸试验以及硬度测试,研究焊后热处理（PWHT）工艺对焊接接头显微组织及力学性能的影响.结果表明,焊缝区经热处理后,晶粒由枝晶向等轴晶转变,晶界处非平衡第二相溶解,晶界变细,焊缝显微组织特性改善明显;焊接接头经热处理后,抗拉强度由342.5 MPa提高到490 MPa,接头强度系数为0.872,焊缝软化区硬度得到较大改善,焊接接头力学性能有显著提升.     

热处理对TC21钛合金线性摩擦焊接头组织与性能的影响

基于先进飞机构件研制需求,针对TC21钛合金线性摩擦焊接头,设计了3种热处理制度,开展了焊态及不同热处理状态下接头显微组织及力学性能研究. 结果表明,焊态试样的焊缝区由细化的β晶粒组成,晶内析出含有大量位错的针状马氏体,起到了位错强化作用,显微硬度相比母材明显提高,热力影响区由于次生α相发生了溶解,显微硬度相比母材有所降低. 热处理后焊接接头内的α相发生了显著变化,在高温区退火时,长时间保温导致初生条状α相长大,在低温区退火则促进了次生针状α相的析出;所有热处理后的接头进行拉伸试验后均断裂于母材区,经过双重退火的接头其焊缝区及热力影响区组织均为β转变组织+初生长条状α相 + 次生针状α相,并且各区域显微硬度基本与母材一致,组织更加均匀.     

Effect of post-weld heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of welded joints of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy

6061 aluminum alloy T-joints were welded by double-pulsed MIG welding process. Then, the post-weld heat treatment was performed on the welded T-joints. The weld microstructure under different aging temperature and time was investigated by transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The mechanical properties were examined by hardness test and tensile test. The results showed that the micro-hardness was sensitive to heat treatment temperature and time. Increasing temperature was beneficial to the shortening of peak aging time. There were a large number of dislocations and few precipitates in the welded joints. With the increase of post-weld heat treatment temperature and time, the density of dislocation decreased. Meanwhile, the strengthening phase precipitated and grew up gradually. When the post-weld heat treatment temperature increased up to 200 °C, large Q' phases were observed. And they were responsible for the peak value of the micro-hardness in the welded joints.     

焊后热处理对输送H_2S介质压力管道维修焊接接头组织性能的影响

采用手工钨极氩弧焊(TIG焊)打底,焊条电弧焊(SMAW)填充、盖面的焊接工艺对输送H_2S介质压力管道(20钢)进行维修焊接,并对其焊接接头进行720～750℃下保温1h的焊后热处理.对热处理前、后焊接接头组织和性能进行分析研究,结果表明:720～750℃×1h热处理使焊缝区与热影响区成针状分布的魏氏组织铁索体晶粒得到细化,并使其呈退化形态;焊缝区、热影响区与母材的显微硬度整体呈下降趋势;焊接接头抗拉强度大幅度提高,断裂均处在远离焊缝的母材上.焊后热处理有效地降低了焊接接头的残余应力,改变了残余应力的分布特征,使其分布趋于"均匀",拉应力大幅度降低.     

Effects of annealing on microstructure and properties of linear friction welded dissimilar titanium joints

Linear friction welds of Ti–6Al–4V (TC4, according to Chinese classification) to Ti–6·5Al–3·5Mo–1·5Zr–0·3Si (TC11, according to Chinese classification) were subject to post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) at 650°C×4 h (PWHT1) and at 950°C×1 h+530°C×4 h (PWHT2) under air cooling. In the as welded joint, TC4 had recrystallised sufficiently compared to TC11. After PWHT1, the α grains in the TC4 weld centre zone grew to some extent and many superfine equiaxed recrystallised α grains precipitated along β boundaries on the TC11 side. The grain growth along the weld line in the weld centre zone under PWHT2 was evident. PWHT2 reduced the joint tensile strength due to the coarsening of the microstructure. The joint microhardness decreased after PWHT.     

热处理对TC17(α+β)/TC17(β)线性摩擦焊接头组织及力学性能的影响

针对热处理前后TC17(α+β)/TC17(β)钛合金线性摩擦焊接头组织和性能进行了对比分析. 结果表明,焊态时焊缝区组织发生动态回复和再结晶,两侧的热力影响区组织均被不同程度地拉长,热处理后焊缝中的亚稳相分解析出弥散的α和β相,TC17(α+β)侧热力影响区的初生α相有所长大. 焊态接头焊缝区显微硬度比母材低,接头的抗拉强度和屈服强度略低于母材,分别达到母材的91.9%,96.2%,接头拉伸性能试件断裂位置均在焊缝区;经过热处理,母材显微硬度未发生明显变化,焊缝区显微硬度显著提高,接头抗拉强度和屈服强度达到与母材相当,与焊态相比分别提高11.9%,8.2%,接头拉伸性能试件断于母材区.     

Kinetics of secondary carbides precipitation in a high-chromium white iron

This work analyzes the rate of secondary carbides precipitation during the destabilization heat treatment of a 17% Cr white iron. The experimental iron was characterized in the as-cast conditions to have comparable parameters with the heat treated samples. Destabilization heat treatments were undertaken at temperatures of 900, 1000, and 1150 °C for between 5 min and 8 h; each sample was water quenched immediately after being taken out of the furnace. Characterization was carried out by optical and electron microscopy, image analysis, and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) microanalysis; hardness and microhardness were also evaluated. It was found that most of the secondary carbides that precipitate (between 2–30% of the matrix volume) precipitated in less than 2 h for the lowest destabilization temperature (900 °C). The secondary carbides volume fraction was found to increase for lower destabilization temperatures and large soaking times. A very low carbide precipitation along with a stabilization of the austenite phase occurred for heat treatments at 1150 °C. The results are discussed in terms of the solubility of chromium and carbon in the austenite phase at the different treatment temperatures.     

焊后热处理对6063铝合金激光填丝焊接头组织与性能的影响

采用激光填丝焊对6063铝合金进行焊接,并对焊接接头进行人工时效和固溶+人工时效的热处理。通过光学显微镜、扫描电镜观察及拉伸试验,对焊后经不同热处理的焊接接头组织和性能进行研究。结果表明:未热处理的焊接接头抗拉强度为196 MPa,焊缝内部为铸态组织,弥散分布着Mg₂Si强化相,熔合线附近存在向焊缝内部生长的粗大柱状晶,焊缝内部为细小的树枝晶,焊缝中心为等轴晶;经时效处理后,焊接接头组织不均匀性和强化相的分布得到改善,焊接接头抗拉强度提高27 MPa;经固溶+时效处理的焊接接头抗拉强度提高64 MPa,焊缝组织、熔合区及热影响区组织得到显著细化。焊接接头均为韧脆混合断裂;时效处理的断口韧窝大小差异较大,韧窝较深;固溶+时效处理后的断口韧窝大小均匀,韧窝尺寸较大较深,韧窝数量更多。     

TC17钛合金线性摩擦焊接头组织及力学性能分析

针对固溶时效态TC17钛合金焊态及焊后热处理态线性摩擦焊接头，进行显微组织及力学性能对比分析. 结果表明，焊态时焊缝组织发生了回复与再结晶，由于焊后冷却速度较快，生成了亚稳定β相，焊缝区发生了软化；热力影响区组织沿受力变形方向拉长、细化、交替呈带状分布，加工硬化程度较高，显微硬度明显高于其它区域；热影响区由于二次次生α相基本溶解于亚稳定β相，导致显微硬度显著降低. 经过焊后热处理，亚稳定β相发生时效分解，析出了弥散程度更高的针状次生α相使得焊接区硬度大幅度提高. 由于亚稳定相的生成，焊态接头发生软化，拉伸均断裂在焊缝区，抗拉强度达到母材强度91.8%，断口呈脆性断裂形态；焊后热处理态接头由于二次次生α相的析出，起到弥散强化的作用，拉伸试验均断在母材，断口呈典型韧性断裂形态.     

Effect of post-heat treatment on the fatigue behaviour of a friction stir spot-welded Al–Mg–Si alloy

In this paper, the effect of post heat treatment on fatigue behaviour of friction stir spot welded Al–Mg–Si aluminium alloy was investigated. The microstructure of the weld zone was classified into two regions: stir zone (SZ) and mixed zone (MZ), where fine equiaxed grains due to dynamic recrystallization were observed. Two kinds of post heat treatment, namely aging and T6 treatment, were applied to the as-welded joints. The grains in the SZ and MZ were extremely enlarged only by T6 treatment, but some fine grains still remained near the boundary of MZ. Fatigue tests were conducted using lap-shear specimens at a stress ratio R = 0.1. Post heat treatments exhibited little influence on fatigue strength, but fatigue fracture morphology was dependent on both load level and post heat treatment. At high applied loads, fatigue fracture took place through the MZ in the as-welded and aged joints, while along the boundary of MZ in the T6 treated joint. At low applied loads, the fatigue crack initiated at the edge of the nugget and then propagated through the upper sheet in the as-welded joint, but the lower sheet in the aged and T6 treated joints. The dependence of fracture morphology on post heat treatment was attributed to the change of microstructures and hardness distribution around the nugget by post heat treatment.