Al-Cu-Sn合金WAAM堆积体的组织与性能

Al-Cu合金ZL205A电弧熔丝增材制造堆积体具有良好的综合力学性能,但在增材过程中产生有毒的氧化镉。本论文以Sn替换Cd,通过金相、SEM、EDS、TEM及拉伸试验,考察堆积体的微观组织和力学性能,并与ZL205A合金堆积体进行对比。结果发现,Al-Cu-Sn合金堆积体表面平整,呈现出银白色光泽,Sn元素的烧损率为5.9%。WAAM Al-Cu-Sn合金堆积体直接堆积态晶粒细小、均匀,晶粒尺寸约为30μm,小于ZL205A合金堆积体的晶粒尺寸,主要析出相在晶内和晶界上均匀分布。T6热处理后,θ相完全固溶到Al基体中,在晶界上均匀分布着复熔T相和Sn与Al2Cu的细小共生相,TEM显示晶内弥散分布大量的θ,相。T6热处理后,Al-Cu-Sn合金的力学性能为：抗拉强度：493Mpa;屈服强度：434Mpa;延伸率：9.5%。该合金在WAAM过程中表现出了优异的性能,具有广泛的应用前景。     

Al-Cu-Sn合金WAAM堆积体的组织与性能（英文）

Al-Cu合金ZL205A电弧熔丝增材制造(WAAM)堆积体具有良好的综合力学性能,但在增材过程中产生有毒的氧化镉。本研究以Sn替换Cd,通过金相、SEM、EDS、TEM及拉伸试验,考察堆积体的微观组织和力学性能,并与ZL205A合金堆积体进行对比。结果发现,Al-Cu-Sn合金堆积体表面平整,呈现出银白色光泽,Sn元素的烧损率为5.9%。WAAM Al-Cu-Sn合金堆积体直接堆积态晶粒细小、均匀,晶粒尺寸约为30μm,小于ZL205A合金堆积体的晶粒尺寸,主要析出相在晶内和晶界上均匀分布。T6热处理后,θ相完全固溶到Al基体中,在晶界上均匀分布着复熔T相和Sn与Al_2Cu的细小共生相,TEM显示晶内弥散分布大量的θ′相。T6热处理后,Al-Cu-Sn合金的力学性能为:抗拉强度493MPa;屈服强度434MPa;延伸率9.5%。该合金在WAAM过程中表现出了优异的性能,具有广泛的应用前景。     

电弧增材制造(WAAM)ZL114A铝合金组织与性能的研究

采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、电子万能试验机等分析测试手段,研究了电弧增材制造工艺方法对ZL114A铝合金组织与性能的影响。与传统铸造成形方法相比,铸态组织具有更小的枝晶间距、Si相细小分布均匀;化学成分可有效控制;T6热处理后,Si相球化充分,第二相弥散分布在α-Al基体上,力学性能显著提升,抗拉强度、屈服强度及延伸率分为360MPa、315MPa、7.5%,延伸率是砂型铸造试样的2.1倍,拉伸断口呈现韧性断裂特征。WAAM成形试样缺陷主要为小于30μm的气孔,经过热处理后气孔数量减少,尺寸有变大趋势。     

镁合金轮毂的铸造工艺与组织性能

分别采用金属型铸造、常规挤压铸造和流变挤压铸造法制备了轮毂用Mg-2.9Nd-0.18Zn-0.35Zr镁合金,对比分析了三种不同铸造工艺下铸态和T6态镁合金的显微组织和力学性能,探讨了镁合金的强化机理。结果表明,金属型铸造合金的组织为α-Mg和以鱼骨状形式存在于晶界处的Mg_(12)Nd共晶相,平均α-Mg相尺寸约51μm,常规挤压铸造和流变挤压铸造合金的α-Mg相尺寸和Mg_(12)Nd相相似,但是后者的α-Mg相更加细小;三种铸造工艺下镁合金的主要物相都为α-Mg和Mg_(12)Nd,金属型铸造合金中α-Mg的晶格常数要比常规挤压铸造和流变挤压铸造的小。三种铸造工艺下T6态镁合金基体中都析出了细小短棒状β'相,且T6态常规挤压铸造和流变挤压铸造镁合金中β'相的尺寸相对金属型铸造更大,而T6态流变挤压铸造镁合金中还发现了细小盘状β"相。铸态和T6态镁合金的抗拉强度和屈服强度为:流变挤压铸造常规挤压铸造金属型铸造;T6态常规挤压铸造和流变挤压铸造相对金属型铸造镁合金的强度提高主要来自细晶强化和析出强化,且流变挤压铸造的细晶强化和析出强化效果要优于常规挤压铸造。     

Al-Si-Mg-Y合金消失模铸造振动压力凝固的组织与性能

应用消失模铸造振动压力凝固成形技术制备了Al-7Si-0.8Mg-0.3Y(ASMY)合金。通过SEM、XRD、DSC和TEM等测试方法对其铸态和T6组织进行分析,研究其对力学性能的影响。结果表明:在ASMY合金铸态组织的晶界处生成有少量Al3Y短棒状颗粒相;在T6热处理过程中,稀土Y或Al3Y阻碍Mg2Si相的析出和扩散聚集,使析出相Mg2Si呈弥散分布;Mg2Si相与晶界稳定相Al3Y对合金同时起到钉扎强化作用;采用消失模铸造振动压力凝固技术后,铝合金的孔隙率显著降低,从1.1%降低0.18%;ASMY合金消失模铸造振动压力凝固试样T6态的抗拉强度达到308MPa,比A356普通消失模试样T6态的抗拉强度提高29%。     

铸造工艺对WE54镁合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

对比研究了金属型铸造和树脂砂铸造WE54合金的显微组织和力学性能。结果表明,金属型铸造和树脂砂铸造WE54合金具有相似的铸态组织,但是由于冷却速度较慢,树脂砂铸造WE54合金的显微组织更加粗大,铸态组织中第二相的含量较少。金属型铸造的力学性能优于树脂砂铸造WE54合金,两者在峰值时效(T6)状态下的抗拉强度分别为327 MPa和261 MPa,屈服强度分别为234 MPa和209 MPa。造成树脂砂铸造WE54合金强度较低的主要原因是晶粒尺寸更为粗大。此外,树脂砂铸造合金中存在的缩松缺陷也使得合金的抗拉强度降低。     

T6处理对 ZL105A 铸造铝合金组织和性能的影响

对ZL105A铸造铝合金进行了T6处理。研究了铸态和经T6处理后该合金的显微组织、力学性能和拉伸试样断口形貌。结果表明,T6处理后,ZL105A合金组织更细小、均匀,硬度、抗拉强度大幅度提高,断后伸长率降低。     

Cu含量对低频电磁铸造新型高强Al-Mg-Si-Cu合金组织性能的影响北大核心CSCD

采用显微组织观察、扫描电镜及能谱分析、透射电镜分析、DSC热差分析、JMat Pro 5.0软件计算和室温力学性能测试,对低频电磁铸造新型高强Al-Mg-Si-Cu合金铸态、挤压态和T6态的组织与力学性能进行研究,获得该合金的最佳Cu含量。结果表明,Cu含量的变化对该合金过烧温度影响很小,不同含Cu量的该类合金进行均匀化处理和固溶处理时温度可相同。Cu在该合金铸态组织中除了形成球状AlMgSiCu相外,含Cu相还可与其他相结合形成球状共晶组织。Cu对合金再结晶行为的影响很小。随Cu含量的增加,合金T6态试样中Q'析出强化相的数量增加,同时该合金挤压棒材T6态试样的强度和伸长率也增加。在限定的元素含量范围内,提高Cu含量至1.0 mass%,合金的强韧性可达到最佳状态。     

钇变质剂加入量对ZL114A合金组织和力学性能的影响

使用不同含量的钇对ZL114A合金进行了变质处理,并对使用金属型模具铸造的合金进行了T6处理,研究了钇变质剂加入量对ZL114A合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,未变质时合金的硅相呈粗大的棒状,加入钇变质剂后,硅相的体积明显减小,圆整度提高,没有尖角存在,且T6热处理后绝大部分共晶硅由棒状变成颗粒状或球状,并且分布均匀。钇加入量为0.3%时铸态合金的力学性能最好,抗拉强度达到181 MPa,伸长率达到3.9%,与未变质合金相比,分别提高了15%、77%。经过综合考虑,钇的最佳加入量为0.3%。     

Cu含量对低频电磁铸造新型高强Al-Mg-Si-Cu合金组织性能的影响

采用显微组织观察、扫描电镜及能谱分析、透射电镜分析、DSC热差分析、JMat Pro 5.0软件计算和室温力学性能测试,对低频电磁铸造新型高强Al-Mg-Si-Cu合金铸态、挤压态和T6态的组织与力学性能进行研究,获得该合金的最佳Cu含量。结果表明,Cu含量的变化对该合金过烧温度影响很小,不同含Cu量的该类合金进行均匀化处理和固溶处理时温度可相同。Cu在该合金铸态组织中除了形成球状AlMgSiCu相外,含Cu相还可与其他相结合形成球状共晶组织。Cu对合金再结晶行为的影响很小。随Cu含量的增加,合金T6态试样中Q'析出强化相的数量增加,同时该合金挤压棒材T6态试样的强度和伸长率也增加。在限定的元素含量范围内,提高Cu含量至1.0 mass%,合金的强韧性可达到最佳状态。     

RHEOLOGY FEATURE OF SIMPLE METAL MELT

The rheology feature of Sb, Bi melt and alloys was studied using coaxial cylinder high-temperature viscometer. The results showed that the curve of torsion-rotational speed for Sb melt presents a linear relation in all measured temperature ranges, whereas for the Bi melt, the curve presents obvious non-Newtonian feature within the low temperature range and at relative high shear stress. The rheology feature of Sb80Bi20 and Sb20Bi80 alloy melts was well correlated with that of Sb and Bi, respectively. It is considered that the rheology behavior of Sb melt plays a crucial role in Sb80Bi20 alloy and that of Bi melt plays a crucial role in Sb20Bi80 alloy.     

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of a Newly Developed Austenitic Heat Resistant Steel

The effect of heat treatment on the microstructures and mechanical properties of a newly developed austenitic heat resistant steel(named as T8 alloy) for ultra-supercritical applications have been studied. Results show that the main phases in the alloy after solution treatment are γ and primary MX. Subsequent aging treatment causes the precipitation of M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries and a small number of nanoscale MX inside the grains. In addition, with increasing the aging temperature and time, the morphology of M_(23)C_6 carbides changes from semi-continuous chain to continuous network.Compared with a commercial HR3C alloy, T8 alloy has comparable tensile strength, but higher stress rupture strength. The dominant cracking mechanism of the alloy during tensile test at room temperature is transgranular, while at high temperature, intergranular cracking becomes the main cracking mode, which may be caused by the precipitation of continuous M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries. Typical intergranular cracking is the dominant cracking mode of the alloy at all stress rupture tests.     

The 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014held in Qingdao China

Organized by Suppliers China Co., Ltd and co-organized by the National Technical Committee 54 on Foundry of Standardization Administration of China, the 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014 （hereinafter referred to as FSC 2014） was successfully held on Sep. 23rd in Grand Regency Hotel, Qingdao. More than 500 delegates from home and abroad attended this conference, including over 130 purchasers from 20 countries and 380 domestic and foreign suppliers.     

Secondary Recrystallization Behaviors of Grain-Oriented 6.5 wt% Silicon Steel Sheets Produced by Rolling and Nitriding Processes

By rolling and nitriding processes, 0.23- to 0.3-mm-thick grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel sheets were produced. The core losses of grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel at frequencies ranging from 400 Hz to 20 k Hz were lower than that of the grain-oriented 3 wt% silicon steel with the same thickness by 16.6–35.8%. The secondary recrystallization behavior was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and electron backscattered diffraction. The results show that the secondary recrystallization in high-silicon steel sheets develops more completely as the nitrogen content increases after nitriding, secondary recrystallized grain sizes become larger, and the sharpness of Goss texture increases. Because more {110}116 grains in the subsurface and the central layer of the sheets have a lot of 20°–45° high-energy boundaries in addition to Goss grains, {110}116 can be the main component through selective growth during secondary recrystallization when the inhibitor quantity is not enough and inhibitor intensity is weaker. The increases in nitrogen content can increase the inhibitor intensity and hinder abnormal growth of a mount of {110}116 grains and therefore enhance the sharpness of Goss texture.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

LASER CLADDED TiCN COATINGS ON THE SURFACE OF TITANIUM

Laser cladded coatings of TiCN were produced on the surface of titanium. To obtain the optimal techniques, several conditions were tested by varying the laser scanning rate. The choice of shielding gas was also studied. The cladded coatings were then evaluated from the surface mechanics point of view based on their microhardness. The microstructure of some interesting samples was investigated by optical micrographs (OM). The results showed that under the condition of fixed pulse frequency and pulse width, the laser scanning rate and the shielding gas are the main factors influencing the components of coatings. TiCN coatings were decompounded and oxidized during the cladding process in the condition of no shielding gas of N2. X-ray diffraction results indicated that the composite coatings composed of TiCN, TiC, Ti2N, and TiO2 were produced using appropriate techniques. The results indicated that the best condition in terms of the surface microhardness is obtained when the scanning rate is 1.5mm / s, the pulse frequency is 15Hz, the pulse width is 3.0ms, and N2 is chosen as the shielding gas. The microhardness of the composite coatings is about 1331kg · mm - 2, which is about 4 times that of the substrate. The optical micrographs indicated that the cladding zone is made up of TiCN, TiO2, and some interdendritic Ti, but the diffusion zone mainly consists of the dendrites phase, and the cladded depth is about 80m, which is more than 2 times that of the laser nitrided sample. There were no microcracks or air bubbles in the cladded sample, which was cladded using the above optimal techniques.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of X80 Pipeline Steel Joints by Friction Stir Welding Under Various Cooling Conditions

X80 pipeline steel plates were friction stir welded(FSW) under air, water, liquid CO_2 + water, and liquid CO_2 cooling conditions, producing defect-free welds. The microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of these FSW joints were studied. Coarse granular bainite was observed in the nugget zone(NZ) under air cooling, and lath bainite and lath martensite increased signifi cantly as the cooling medium temperature reduced. In particular, under the liquid CO_2 cooling condition, a dual phase structure of lath martensite and fi ne ferrite appeared in the NZ. Compared to the case under air cooling, a strong shear texture was identifi ed in the NZs under other rapid cooling conditions, because the partial deformation at elevated temperature was retained through higher cooling rates. Under liquid CO_2 cooling, the highest transverse tensile strength and elongation of the joint reached 92% and 82% of those of the basal metal(BM), respectively, due to the weak tempering softening. A maximum impact energy of up to 93% of that of the BM was obtained in the NZ under liquid CO_2 cooling, which was attributed to the operation of the dual phase of lath martensite and fi ne ferrite.     

INDUSTRY NEWS

China Securities News reported on March 21, 2014： Guangdong Hongtu Wuhan Die Casting Co., Ltd. （Wuhan Hongtu）, a wholly owned subsidiary of Guangdong Hongtu Technology （Holdings） Co., Ltd., held a groundbreaking ceremony recently. With the registered capital of 50 million Yuan, Wuhan Hongtu has a total land area of 100,000 square meters and a plant construction area of 72,000 square meters. It is expected to have a production capacity of about 30,000 tonnes of aluminum castings annually after it is put into production.