ECAP+旋锻变形制备超细晶纯锆的低周疲劳行为

采用等径弯曲通道(ECAP)+旋锻(RS)复合变形技术制备了超细晶工业纯锆,通过轴向对称应变控制方法对超细晶纯锆的低周疲劳性能进行研究,讨论了超细晶纯锆的循环应力-应变响应、软硬化特性、累积滞后规律、疲劳寿命及其疲劳断裂机理。结果表明:超细晶纯锆的循环软硬化特性依赖于外加总应变幅的大小。随应变幅的增加软化速率逐渐增大,且当总应变幅大于1.0%时,材料完全呈现循环软化特性。滞后回线面积随着总应变幅的增大而增大,当应变幅较小时出现"棘齿现象"。回归分析表明超细晶纯锆疲劳寿命满足Coffin-Manson经验关系式。超细晶工业纯锆低周疲劳的疲劳机制为位错运动,其断裂类型为韧性断裂。     

工业纯锆的低周疲劳特性及寿命预估

通过轴向对称应变控制法对工业纯锆的低周疲劳性能进行研究，讨论了工业纯锆的循环应力-应变响应、软硬化特性、累积滞后规律、疲劳寿命以及塑性应变能的影响。结果表明：在总应变幅大于0.5%时工业纯锆均表现出循环硬化；工业纯锆疲劳寿命满足Basquin-Coffin-Manson经验关系式，其过渡寿命为1548周；利用塑性应变能对疲劳损伤进行了有效评估，总应变幅度越低，滞回曲线面积越小，即塑性应变能越低，疲劳寿命越长；疲劳断口呈现明显的疲劳辉纹特征，随总应变幅的增加疲劳辉纹的数量减小宽度增加。     

应变比对复合细化超细晶纯钛低周疲劳行为的影响

采用等径通道弯曲挤压(Equal Channel Angular Pressing, ECAP)+旋锻(Rotary Swaging, RS)技术制备超细晶纯钛，细化后晶粒尺寸达到纳米级。在室温下对超细晶纯钛实施应变比分别为-1、-0.5、0.5的应变控制低周疲劳试验，通过TEM对微观组织观察。研究了应变比对材料循环硬化软化特性、循环应力应变关系及疲劳寿命的影响。研究结果表明，应变比增大使得超细晶纯钛循环硬化现象更为显著，应变比越大超细晶纯钛低周疲劳寿命越低。低周疲劳高应变比情况下亚晶晶粒尺寸小，数量多，阻碍位错运动，使得材料发生循环硬化。     

ECAP+旋锻变形制备超细晶纯锆的高周疲劳行为

室温采用等通道变形和旋锻复合工艺制备超细晶工业纯锆。对比研究了超细晶和粗晶工业纯锆拉伸和疲劳性能,并运用SEM对疲劳断口形貌进行观察和分析。结果表明：超细晶工业纯锆的室温抗拉强度明显大于粗晶工业纯锆,延伸率有一定程度地降低。超细晶工业纯锆疲劳性能优于粗晶工业纯锆,其应力幅(σa)与疲劳寿命(Nf)满足σa=750Nf-0.06,疲劳极限σ-1为285 MPa,较粗晶工业纯锆提高了70%。断口分析显示,疲劳裂纹萌生于超细晶工业纯锆的表面,疲劳裂纹扩展区辉纹间距较粗晶工业纯锆细小,疲劳裂纹扩展更为缓慢。     

纯度对ECAP制备超细晶铜疲劳性能的影响

采用应力比R=–1的对称加载疲劳试验,研究了ECAP制备的超细晶高纯铜(HPCu)、低纯铜(LPCu)的疲劳行为,分析了循环应力-应变响应、疲劳寿命和疲劳前后晶粒取向分布,讨论了纯度与超细晶材料疲劳稳定性的关系。结果表明:在任何应力幅下,获得的超细晶低纯铜的寿命都大于ECAP变形前的粗晶铜;在相同应力幅下,循环周次提高1.6~2.0倍。而超细晶高纯铜的疲劳曲线,表现出不同的特性,在高应力幅下,超细晶高纯铜具有较高的疲劳寿命,但在低应力幅下,超细晶高纯铜循环周次下降,疲劳寿命低。在应力控制条件下,随应力幅的降低,超细晶纯铜的循环应力-应变响应从循环软化逐渐过渡为循环硬化。杂质的存在能有效阻止疲劳过程中晶粒的转动和位错的运动,降低其回复软化,减小相邻晶粒间取向差变化,使超细晶低纯铜与超细晶高纯铜相比有较大的循环硬化指数n和循环硬化系数K,具有较好的疲劳稳定性。     

工业纯钛的室温低周疲劳行为

采用应变控制研究了工业纯钛的室温低周疲劳行为,对循环应力-应变行为和低周疲劳寿命数据进行了分析,得到了低周疲劳的相关参数;并对疲劳组织和疲劳断口进行观察与分析。结果表明:当总应变幅为0. 5%和0. 6%时,工业纯钛在疲劳变形前期表现为循环硬化,后期发生轻微的循环软化;当总应变幅大于0. 6%时,工业纯钛在疲劳变形过程中均呈现循环硬化现象。由显微组织观察可知,在低应变幅下,位错滑移是工业纯钛主要的疲劳变形机理,孪生变形在局部高应力集中区被激活;在高应变幅下,微观变形机制以孪生为主导,伴随着滑移。疲劳断口表明工业纯钛发生多源疲劳失效,在裂纹扩展区还会呈现二次裂纹,疲劳断裂为混合型断裂。     

IN718镍基高温合金的热机械疲劳性能

对IN718镍基高温合金进行温度循环为350～650℃及不同应变幅条件下的同相(IP)和反相(OP)热机械疲劳试验;比较同相和反相的热机械疲劳循环应力响应行为、滞后回线以及疲劳寿命;运用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜对材料的微观结构以及断口特征进行分析。结果表明:IN718合金的热机械疲劳应力-应变滞后回线最大拉应力与压应力不对称,表明合金在350～650℃范围内高温时抵抗变形阻力较小;合金的循环应力响应行为在低应变幅的同相热机械疲劳的高温半周呈现循环硬化现象,其余情况均为循环软化现象;合金的同相热机械疲劳寿命明显低于反相热机械疲劳寿命,合金热机械疲劳寿命在应变幅超过0.6%的条件下符合Coffin-Manson方程,在应变幅0.4%的情况下实际疲劳寿命值偏高;IN718合金的同相热机械疲劳的疲劳源处断口为沿晶断裂,反相热机械疲劳的为穿晶断裂,裂纹扩展区和瞬断区均为韧窝断裂。     

GH4698合金高温低周疲劳性能分析

研究了GH4698合金650℃时应变控制条件下的高温低周疲劳性能。结合疲劳试验数据,分析了合金的循环应力响应、循环应变响应及应力应变滞后回线,探讨了GH4698合金的疲劳性能。结果表明:GH4698合金在应变幅较低时具有良好的抗疲劳性能,而在较高应变幅时抗疲劳性能较差;在应变幅较低时合金会发生循环硬化和软化现象,而在应变幅较高时合金只发生循环硬化现象;随着应变幅的增加合金的循环韧性提高。     

一种新型粉末高温合金的低周疲劳行为与寿命预测模型分析

对一种新型第3代粉末高温合金A3在700℃、应变范围0.6%～1.4%试验条件下的低周疲劳性能进行了研究,分析了材料的循环滞后回线、Massing特性、循环应力应变响应、应变-寿命关系等特性。采用Manson-Coffin模型、拉伸滞回能模型、三参数能量模型对疲劳寿命数据进行拟合预测,结果表明Manson-Coffin模型的寿命预测精度最高,在3倍分散带以内。用扫描电子显微镜对疲劳源区观察,结果表明:低应变时疲劳源数量上呈现单源,高应变时呈多源特征;随应变量增大,疲劳源位置趋向于试样表面,裂纹扩展区面积减小,瞬断区面积增大。疲劳断口典型的3个区域观察结果表明:疲劳源四周存在较多河流状线,其为裂纹扩展方向,裂纹扩展区存在较多二次裂纹,瞬断区出现韧窝与解理断裂特征。A3合金的断裂模式主要为穿晶断裂。     

H4698合金高温低周疲劳性能分析

研究了GH4698合金650℃时应变控制条件下的高温低周疲劳性能.结合疲劳试验数据,分析了合金的循环应力响应、循环应变响应及应力应变滞后回线,探讨了GH4698合金的疲劳性能.结果表明:GH4698合金在应变幅较低时具有良好的抗疲劳性能,而在较高应变幅时抗疲劳性能较差;在应变幅较低时合金会发生循环硬化和软化现象,而在应变幅较高时合金只发生循环硬化现象;随着应变幅的增加合金的循环韧性提高.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

INTRODUCTION TO PATENTS

The invention provides a method of making a mold which can reduce SOx generation rate while preventing decrease in hardening rate in the case of using sulfuric acid for a hardener composition. The method has a mixture step in which fire-resistant particles, a hardener composition and a binder composition are mixed to obtain a composition for a mold. The hardener composition contains sulfuric acid. In the mixture step, sodium carbonate is added. A molar ratio of the sulfuric acid to the sodium carbonate is 0.5 or more and 4.0 or less.     

China Foundry Week 2014

China Foundry Week, hosted by the Foundry Institution of Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society （FICMES） each year, is a large academic event in China. It is one of the ten high-impact activities sponsored by the Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society.     

17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering Call for papers

正1.Contents In order to promote the academic exchanges and technical communication of the research in the field of fluid power transmission and control,fluid control engineering specialized committee of the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics will hold the 17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering on July 27-29,2014 in Tibet,Lhasa city.     

Information for Contributors

正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis     

Preface

<正>We are pleased to present this Special Issue of Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China containing selected papers from the First Asian Conference on Aluminum Alloys(ACAA-2013),held in Beijing,China,13–17 October 2013.This conference has been initiated,with approval of     

Information for Contributors

The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China, is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology, including mineral processing, extraction metallurgy, metallic materials and heat treatments, metal working, physical metallurgy, powder metallurgy, with the emphasis on fundamental science. It is the unique preeminent publication in English for scientists, engineers, under/post-graduates on the field of nonferrous metals industry. This journal is covered by many famous abstract/index systems and databases such as SCI Expanded, Ei Compendex Plus, 1NSPEC, CA, METADEX, AJ and JICST.     

Formulas of Tension of Continuous Rolling Process

The development of computer controlled continuous rolling process calls for a mathematical expression that can express the inequality condition of "constant flow". Tension is the link of the continuous rolling process. From the condition of dynamic equilibrium, a differential equation of tension is given out. On the basis of the physical rules established from the industrial practice and experimental studies, the law of volume constancy, the linear relation of forward slip and tension, the state equation of continuous rolling, the formula of dynamic tension, and the formula of static tension have been obtained. These formulae reflect the functional relations between tensions, thickness, roll velocity, and time in the continuous rolling process. It is implied that the continuous rolling process is a gradually steady, controllable, and measurable dynamic system. An assumption of predicting the thickness of a steel plate using these tension formulae is also put forward.