ATA及其与PASP复配在3.5%NaCl溶液中对碳钢的缓蚀作用

为寻找新的缓蚀荆来解决碳钢的腐蚀问题,采用极化曲线和交流阻抗方法,研究了3-氨基-1,2,4-三氮唑(ATA)及其与聚天冬氨酸(PASP)复配在3.5%NaCl溶液中对碳钢的缓蚀作用,并对比观察了碳钢在未加和加入复配缓蚀荆的3.5%NaCl溶液中浸泡后的腐蚀形貌.结果表明:ATA在3.5%NaCl溶液中对碳钢具有缓蚀作用,属阳极型缓蚀剂,其添加量以25 mg/L为最好,此时的缓蚀效果最佳,缓蚀率可达93.51%;ATA和PASP复配在3.5%NaCl溶液中对碳钢具有缓蚀协同作用,且15 mg/L ATA和10 mg/L PASP复配时的缓蚀协同作用最好,缓蚀率高达99.89%.     

从沉钨钼后液中制备高纯铼酸铵

沉钨钼后液首先经氯化钾沉淀反应得到铼酸钾,其次采用离子交换法将铼酸钾溶液转为高铼酸溶液,最后经氨水中和-浓缩结晶-重结晶得到高纯铼酸铵。结果表明：向沉钨钼后液中加入KCl固体再浓缩析出KReO₄白色晶体,其主要杂质Na、Ca、Fe、Cl含量均小于1%,特别是W、Mo含量均小于0.1%,且Re结晶率可达94%~98%。采用动态法脱K,选用C160(H^₊型)树脂,当KReO₄溶液pH为中性,料液流速控制为2 BVs.h^_-1时,C160树脂对K^₊穿透容量和饱和容量分别为117.865 g.L^_-1和128.385 g.L^_-1,且树脂利用率达到91.81%;所得纯HReO₄溶液中K、Na、Ca、Fe、W、Mo、Mg浓度均降至0.5 mg.L^_-1以下。通过添加优级纯氨水中和HReO₄溶液,控制终点pH为7~8,再经浓缩结晶+1次重结晶,所得铼酸铵纯度达到99.99%以上,其SEM形貌为树枝状。     

铜经MBT和HQ钝化处理后在3.5%NaCl溶液中的电化学行为

采用循环伏安曲线、极化曲线和交流阻抗谱研究铜经2-巯基苯并噻唑(MBT)和8-羟基喹啉(HQ)钝化处理后在3.5%NaCl溶液中的电化学行为,利用扫描电镜观察铜经缓蚀溶液处理前后在3.5%NaCl盐水中的腐蚀形貌。结果表明,MBT或HQ在铜表面形成的络合物膜能明显改善铜在3.5%NaCl溶液中的耐蚀能力;经0.5 mmol/L MBT+0.5 mmol/L HQ复配溶液处理后,其缓蚀率达90.3%;缓蚀剂的缓蚀效果由大到小的顺序为:MBT+HQ,MBT,HQ,Blank。分析了MBT与HQ两者具有缓蚀协同作用的机理。     

木质素磺酸钠对3.5%NaCl溶液中AZ31镁合金的缓蚀作用

采用失重法,极化曲线,电化学阻抗谱和扫描电子显微镜研究木质素磺酸钠(SLS)在质量分数为3.5%NaCl溶液中对AZ31镁合金的缓蚀作用。结果表明:在298 K时SLS可有效抑制AZ31在Na Cl介质中的腐蚀。当SLS为4.0 g·L~(-1)时,缓蚀率可达到最大。提高浓度后,其缓蚀率会下降。SLS是阴极型缓蚀剂,并且SLS在AZ31表面的吸附符合Langmuir吸附模型。由吸附自由能?G~0及Arrhenius活化能E_a可知,SLS在AZ31镁合金表面是化学吸附。     

葡萄糖酸钠和苯甲酸钠体系与锌盐、镧盐对Z30铸铁片的缓蚀协同研究

采用失重法研究了复配葡萄糖酸钠、苯甲酸钠与硫酸锌、硝酸镧可溶性盐在pH值为6.5的3.5%NaCl溶液中对Z30铸铁片的缓蚀效应.结果表明当葡萄糖酸钠、苯甲酸钠的浓度均为250 mg/L,Zn2+浓度分别为2 mmol/L与3 mmol/L时,缓蚀率高达92.5%与95.3%,而加入La3+浓度为0.5 mmol/L时,缓蚀率可达86.7%.     

水溶性取代吡啶甲酰腺席夫碱缓蚀剂对铜的缓蚀作用研究

合成三种水溶性取代吡啶甲酰腙席夫碱缓蚀剂,采用静态失重法、电化学方法和扫描电镜研究其在3.5%NaCl介质中对铜的缓蚀作用.结果表明,三种缓蚀剂都是以抑制阴极为主的混合型缓蚀剂;当温度在35℃、缓蚀剂质量浓度为75 mg/L时,缓蚀效率最高,在缓蚀过程中未发生分解.三种缓蚀剂对铜在3.5%NaCl溶液中均具有较好的缓蚀...     

樟树叶提取液在硫酸介质中对碳钢的缓蚀作用

应用动电位极化法和电化学阻抗(EIS)研究了樟树叶提取液(CCLE)在硫酸介质中对碳钢的缓蚀性能和缓蚀机理. 结果表明, 采用酸浸泡法从樟树叶中提取的缓蚀剂, 对碳钢在10% H₂SO₄溶液中具有良好的缓蚀作用, 随着提取液浓度的增加, 缓蚀效率增大; 随着实验温度升高, 缓蚀效率减小. 樟树叶提取液为混合抑制型缓蚀剂, 提取液中的有效缓蚀成分在碳钢表面的吸附满足Langmuir等温吸附方程; 樟树叶提取液的加入使碳钢在硫酸中反应的表观活化能增加, 起到缓蚀作用.     

固溶处理对Al-Zn-In-Mg-Ti-Mn合金电化学性能的影响

    研究了510℃×10 h固溶处理对Mn含量不同的Al-Zn-In-Mg-Ti-Mn合金在人造海水中的腐蚀电化学性能的影响.结果表明：固溶处理使该合金的电流效率下降,但对其自腐蚀电位影响不大;当合金中Mn含量较高时,固溶处理可改善其腐蚀过程中的表面腐蚀状况,降低工作电位,而电流效率下降不大;等效电路R_S(C₁(C₂R_t)(QR)(L₁R_ad1)(L₂R_ad2)(L₃R_ad3))能较好地拟合该合金在3%NaCl溶液中腐蚀的EIS谱,基本反映了其电化学腐蚀过程.     

钨酸钠与十二烷基苯磺酸钠协同缓蚀作用研究

为了研究钨酸钠和十二烷基苯磺酸钠的协同缓蚀作用,采用浸泡法、失重法和极化曲线法研究环境友好型缓蚀剂钨酸钠和十二烷基苯磺酸钠复配而成的复合缓蚀剂对铸铁在3.5%NaCl溶液中的缓蚀效果.研究发现,该复合缓蚀剂具有很好的协同缓蚀作用且当缓蚀剂总的质量分数为0.3%,两种缓蚀剂的质量比为2:1时其缓蚀效果最好.     

酸性介质中曼尼希碱与KCl复配对A3钢的缓蚀性能研究

以乙醛、丙酮和二乙胺为原料合成了曼尼希碱酸化缓蚀剂ZD-1.在加入1 g/L的ZD-1和不同浓度KCl的5%(质量分数)H2SO4溶液中,测试了A3钢的缓蚀率及动电位扫描极化曲线和交流阻抗谱,研究了ZD-1与KCl复配对A3钢的协同缓蚀作用.结果表明:ZD-1与KCl复配是以阴极控制为主的混合型缓蚀剂,1g/L的ZD-1和1 mmol/L的KCl复配对A3钢的缓蚀效果显著,缓蚀率可达93.84%.     

BN/Al2O3 复合粉末及其聚合物基复合材料的制备与导热性能

采用固-液相共混法制备了多种BN/Al₂O₃复合粉末,通过冻融法和表面修饰法对BN进行了改性处理,改变表面修饰剂类型和摩尔比得到了前驱体和烧结态BN/Al₂O₃复合粉末,并利用机械混合法制备了聚合物基BN/Al₂O₃复合材料,并测试分析了其导热性能。结果表明,经冻融处理的BN分散性和界面相容性明显优于未经冻融处理的BN。多巴胺对BN的改性效果优于聚乙二醇。采用多巴胺作为表面修饰剂且BN与Al(NO₃)₃的摩尔比为1:1时,能够得到纳米Al₂O₃均匀包覆的微米BN粉末,即BN/Al₂O₃微纳复合粉末,其聚合物基复合材料的导热系数可达0.62 W·m^-1·K^-1,是纯聚合物导热系数的3倍,是采用纯微米BN粉末制备的聚合物基复合材料导热系数的1.5倍。在BN表面附着的Al₂O₃可以形成层状热传导通道,能够有效提高聚合物基BN/Al₂O₃复合材料的热导率。     

Ce(SO4)2浓度对电喷镀Ni-W-Ce合金镀层性能影响

为了研究Ce(SO4)2浓度与合金镀层表面性能的关系，采用喷射电沉积法制备了一系列Ni-W-Ce合金镀层工件。用扫描电镜(SEM)观察了镀层的表面结构，并用能谱仪(EDS)检测镀层中的元素组成。XRD分析表明，镀层存在晶格畸变。LEXT4100激光共焦显微镜观察磨损痕迹，发现磨损机理发生了变化。结果表明，添加Ce(SO4)2改善了涂层的表面微观形貌，当浓度为0.5g/L时，涂层的表面质量最佳。同时，显微硬度、耐磨性和耐腐蚀性随浓度的增加呈现先好后坏的规律。当Ce(SO4)2浓度为0.5g/L时，显微硬度达到峰值519.69HV0.1。此时，镀层耐磨性最好，其耐磨性表征参数均取得最小值。且镀层的耐蚀性也最好，腐蚀电位为-0.5537V，电弧电抗半径最小。     

Synthesis of CeO2/TiO2 nanoparticles by laser ablation of Ti target in cerium (III) nitrate hexahydrate (Ce(NO3)3·6H2O) aqueous solution

A new synthesis process, laser ablation in an aqueous solution of target material, was applied to synthesize nanostructured CeO₂/TiO₂ catalyst particles. Reactivity within the laser plume (plasma) can be used to synthesize CeO₂ from an aqueous solution, 2 M cerium (III) nitrate hexahydrate (Ce(NO₃)₃·6H₂O) aqueous solution, and to fabricate TiO₂ from Ti target. CeO₂/TiO₂ nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by the laser ablation of Ti target in 2 M cerium (III) nitrate hexahydrate (Ce(NO₃)₃·6H₂O) aqueous solution. Laser ablation of Ti in a liquid environment and chemical reactions of the solution within a plasma plume are discussed.     

Self-healing mechanism of a protective film prepared on a Ce(NO3)3-pretreated zinc electrode by modification with Zn(NO3)2 and Na3PO4

Self-healing mechanism of a protective film against corrosion of zinc at scratches in an aerated 0.5 M NaCl solution was investigated by polarization measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electron-probe microanalysis (EPMA). The film was prepared on a zinc electrode by treatment in a Ce(NO₃)₃ solution and addition of aqueous solutions containing 9.98 or 19.9 μg/cm² of Zn(NO₃)₂ · 6H₂O and 55.2 μg/cm² of Na₃PO₄ · 12H₂O. After the coated electrode was scratched with a knife-edge crosswise and immersed in the NaCl solution for many hours, polarization measurements, observation of pit formation at the scratches, XPS and EPMA were carried out. This film was remarkably protective and self-healing against zinc corrosion on the scratched electrode. The cathodic and anodic processes of zinc corrosion were markedly suppressed by coverage of the surface except for scratches with a thin Ce₂O₃ layer containing a small amount of Ce⁴⁺ and the surface of scratches with a layer composed of Zn₃(PO₄)₂ · 4H₂O, Zn(OH)₂ and ZnO mostly.     

A self-healing protective film prepared on zinc by treatment in a Ce(NO3)3 solution and modification with Ce(NO3)3

A self-healing protective film was prepared on a zinc electrode by treatment in 1 × 10⁻³ M Ce(NO₃)₃ at 30 °C for 30 min to form a thin layer of hydrated Ce₂O₃ and by modification with 114 μg/cm² of Ce(NO₃)₃ · 6H₂O. The film was dried at 30 °C under a dry atmosphere. After the electrode surface was scratched with a knife-edge crosswise and immersed in an aerated 0.5 M NaCl solution at 30 °C for many hours, polarization measurement of the electrode was carried out in the NaCl solution. The protective efficiency of the film was markedly high, 97.7% at the immersion time, t_i=24 h. Neither pit-like anodic dissolution feature nor pit was observed within the scratches at t_i=72 h. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electron-probe microanalysis revealed that Ce³⁺ migrating into the scratches from the film was adsorbed on the hydrated or hydroxylated zinc surface to form a new layer of hydrated Ce₂O₃ within the scratches, resulting in the self-healing activity of the film for preventing zinc corrosion at the scratched surface.     

The preparation and characteristics of a rare earth/nano-TiO2 composite coating on aluminum alloy by brush plating

Nano-TiO₂ modified rare earth composite coatings are prepared on 2024 aluminum alloy by brush plating. The composite coating is composed of mainly Ce(OH)₃, Ce(OH)₄, CeO₂ and TiO₂, with less cracks and lower porosity. The addition of nano-TiO₂ enhances the adhesive strength of the rare earth coating to Al substrate, results in refined coating grains and increases the micro-hardness of the coating. The nano-TiO₂ modification obviously improves the corrosion resistance of the rare earth coating. For the composite coating containing 2% TiO₂, both the corrosion current density and the impedance are reduced by more than one order of magnitude in contrast to the values for the pure rare earth coating. The higher barrier ability and increased Ce³⁺ content in the Ce oxides may explain the increase of the corrosion resistance.     

废旧锂离子电池中Li, Fe和V的回收及xLiFePO4-yLi3V2(PO4)3的制备

由于LiFePO_4和Li_3V_2(PO_4)_3材料的特征相近,制备方法类似,提供了一种从废旧LiFePO_4和Li_3V_2(PO_4)_3混合电池中回收Li、Fe和V,再制备xLiFePO_4-yLi_3V_2(PO_4)_3的方法。在空气气氛中600℃热处理1h后,去除粘结剂PVDF使活性物质与集流体分离。调节Li、Fe、V和P摩尔比,球磨、锻烧,配制不同比例的xLiFePO_4-yLi_3V_2(PO_4)_3(x:y=5:1,7:1,9:1)复合电极材料。表征了其形貌、结构和电化学性能,结果表明,回收制备的复合材料将同时具备LiFePO_4和Li_3V_2(PO_4)_3两种材料的电化学性能,能显著改善LiFePO_4的倍率性能。     

Microstructure and characterization of La2O3 and CeO2 doped diamond-like carbon nanofilms

Seven kinds of hydrogen-free La₂O₃ and CeO₂ doped DLC films with thickness of 220-280 nm were deposited on Si (100) substrates by unbalanced magnetron sputtering. Nanoparticles with diameter of 20-30 nm are formed on the surface of films. The surface roughness Ra of films is in the range of 1.5-2.0 nm. C, La, Ce and O elements distribute uniformly along the depth direction, and C, La, and Ce elements diffuse into the Si substrate at the interface. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirms that the La₂O₃ and CeO₂ form within the DLC amorphous films, and Raman spectra indicate the obvious amorphous characteristics of DLC films. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy shows the nanocrystallines structure with diameter of 2-3 nm of 16% La₂O₃ and 10% CeO₂ doped DLC films, and Fourier transformation spectroscopy also exhibits the obvious crystalline characteristics. In this work, the microstructure of two kinds of rare earth oxides doped DLC composite films is measured and analyzed.     

纳米Si3N4 对TC4钛合金微弧氧化层微观结构和性能的影响

在基电解液中加入氮化硅纳米颗粒,对TC4钛合金进行微弧氧化（MAO）处理,研究了Si₃N₄浓度对微弧氧化层表面形貌、耐蚀性和耐磨性的影响。添加Si₃N₄的MAO层呈现多孔结构,当Si₃N₄浓度为1 g/L时,涂层厚度最大,且经过7 d的酸腐蚀试验,该涂层的耐蚀性良好,腐蚀速率最低,约为0.057 mg·cm^-2·d^-1。随着Si₃N₄的加入,MAO涂层的抗菌性能先升高后降低。当Si₃N₄的添加量为1 g/L时,该MAO层的抗菌性能最好。Si₃N₄的加入能明显提高涂层在模拟海水中的耐磨性。当Si₃N₄的添加量为3和4 g/L时,所得涂层的摩擦系数低且稳定,且添加3 g/L Si₃N₄制备来的MAO涂层表现出优异的耐磨性。     

Corrosion of Ni-Ti alloys in the molten (Li,K)2CO3 eutectic mixture

The corrosion of pure Ni and of binary Ni-Ti alloys containing 5, 10, and 15 wt.% Ti respectively in molten (0.62Li,0.38K)₂CO₃ at 650°C under air has been studied. The corrosion of the single-phase Ni-5Ti alloy was slower than that of pure Ni, forming an external scale composed of NiO and TiO₂. The two-phase Ni-10Ti and Ni-15Ti alloys underwent much faster corrosion than pure Ni, producing an external scale containing NiO and TiO₂, and a thick internal oxidation zone of titanium mainly involving the intermetallic compound TiNi₃ in the original alloys. The rates of growth of the external scales for the Ni-Ti alloys were reduced with the increase of their titanium content, while the internal oxidation was significantly enhanced. The corrosion mechanism of the alloys is also discussed.