非理想化学计量配比掺锶磷灰石的高温热稳定性

采用水化方法制备出不同掺锶量的非理想化学计量配比掺锶磷灰石,使用XRD、IR与TEM等方法检测其高温热稳定性.结果表明:同一制备条件及相同非理想化学计量配比下,掺锶磷灰石的高温热稳定性不如纯磷灰石,且分解产物磷酸三钙锶(Ca,Sr)3(PO4)2)的相转变(α相→β相)温度低于纯磷酸三钙.掺锶量越多,分解产物磷酸三钙锶中含锶量越多.随加热温度升高,含锶磷灰石与纯磷灰石晶粒均逐渐长大.1200℃以下,掺锶磷灰石晶粒近似等轴状,纯磷灰石形状不规则.1300℃时,两种磷灰石粉末中的晶粒尺寸有大有小,大晶粒为长大的磷灰石,形状不规则;小晶粒为分解生成的磷酸三钙锶(或者磷酸三钙),呈球状.     

Ti-1300合金在热处理过程中的晶粒长大行为研究

采用金相法研究了Ti-1300合金在不同温度和保温时间下的晶粒长大行为。结果表明,加热温度在780~900℃时,晶粒随加热温度的升高,呈指数函数形式长大。当加热温度一定时,晶粒随保温时间增加呈对数函数形式增长。同时计算得到了Ti-1300合金的晶粒长大激活能Q为187.829kJ/mol,高于纯钛的β相自扩散激活能(Q=166kJ/mol)。     

Ti-1300合金的晶粒长大行为

对Ti-1300合金在固溶处理过程中晶粒的长大行为进行系统研究。结果表明:当固溶温度低于β转变温度时,未溶解的α相使得晶粒长大缓慢;在高于β转变温度固溶处理时,晶粒随着温度升高而快速增大。晶粒长大动力表明:在840~950℃固溶处理时,β晶粒的长大规律可用D=1.13×1010 exp(-2.1×104/T)描述,且晶界迁移的表观激活能为Q=350 k J/mol。当固溶温度为840、870和900℃时,晶粒长大指数随固溶温度升高而增加,分别为0.31、0.55、0.56。     

纳米缺钙羟基磷灰石生物陶瓷涂层中相组成和显微结构的控制

研究了低钙磷比溶液电沉积缺钙羟基磷灰石生物陶瓷涂层在水热合成和700℃,800℃,900℃焙烧后的相组成和显微组织结构;用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和透射电镜(TEM)对涂层进行分析。结果表明:在电沉积液Ca/P比1.30,沉积液温度25℃,电压4V条件下,Ti基体表面沉积了片状和条状HAP和CaHPO4·2H2O混合相涂层;在pH值为12的碱液中,150℃和200℃水热合成4h后涂层由针状纯HAP组成,Ca/P比约为1.61,且随着水热合成温度的升高,晶体结晶度提高,但晶体无明显长大趋势;700℃焙烧后,涂层仍由纯HAP组成,只是晶体因失水而发生团聚;800℃焙烧后,部分HAP发生分解,生成β-Ca3(PO4)2,且HAP与β-Ca3(PO4)2的体积比为90∶10,形貌为块状和板条状,其表面附着许多细小的针状颗粒;900℃焙烧后,β-Ca3(PO4)2的含量增加,HAP与β-Ca3(PO4)2的体积比为74∶26,小颗粒团聚成较大的块状和板条状颗粒。由此制备了对骨组织生长更有利的HAP+β-Ca3(PO4)2双相涂层结构。     

煅烧工艺对YAG:Ce~(3+)荧光粉的显微形貌和发光性能的影响

利用高分子网络凝胶法制备YAG:Ce3+荧光粉,研究了煅烧温度、煅烧时间等对荧光粉的晶化过程、显微形貌及发光性能的影响.结果表明:高分子网络凝胶法可在1000℃煅烧温度下获得晶型完整的YAG:Ce3+荧光粉:随着煅烧温度的升高晶粒尺寸增大,1000℃时平均粒径为50nm,在1300℃时平均粒径为120 nm.随温度的升高和粒径的长大其相对发光强度也逐渐提高;随着保温时间的延长,晶粒变化不大,但发光强度逐渐提高,在400 min时由于Ce离子氧化而发生蓝移.     

固溶处理对GH4169合金晶粒长大和硬度的影响

研究了GH4169合金在不同固溶温度和保温时间下进行固溶处理时晶粒长大的规律和其对硬度的影响。结果表明:该合金的δ相溶解温度在980～1000 ℃之间,不同固溶处理条件下GH4169合金的晶粒长大具有不同特点,在低于δ相溶解温度热处理时晶粒长大缓慢,当热处理温度高于δ相溶解温度时,晶粒尺寸随热处理温度的升高而快速长大;建立了GH4169合金在1000 ℃以上热处理过程中的晶粒长大动力学模型,晶粒长大的激活能为285.013 kJ/mol;GH4169合金的硬度随固溶温度的升高和保温时间的延长而降低,且合金的晶粒尺寸和硬度值遵循Hall-Petch关系。     

固溶温度对TB8钛合金组织及性能的影响

研究了固溶温度对TB8钛合金显微组织及力学性能的影响.结果表明,随固溶温度的升高,合金β晶粒明显长大;合金固溶态强度略有降低,塑性逐渐升高;合金固溶+时效处理后,β晶界及晶粒内部均匀弥散析出大量次生α相颗粒,强度呈上升趋势,塑性明显降低.TB8钛合金在770 ～ 830℃温度范围内固溶后,具有较高的强度和优异的塑性,经520℃时效后,综合性能优异,抗拉强度＞ 1300 MPa,伸长率＞15％,断面收缩率＞55％.     

渗碳工艺下纯Ti板显微组织及晶粒长大动力学

研究不同渗碳工艺对纯Ti板微观组织和表面强化的影响,分析了晶粒长大阶段动力学特征。根据不同热处理温度(600、700、800℃)及时间(3、6、9h)下光学显微组织的转变规律,纯Ti板渗层硬度随渗碳温度升高和保温时间延长的变化趋势,确定500℃+1h真空预处理和700℃+6h渗碳处理为较佳渗碳工艺。分析了长大阶段晶粒平均尺寸变化,计算不同温度下晶界迁移速度,确定长大动力学时间指数和晶粒长大激活能分别为0.5、72.02kJ·mol-1,表明晶粒长大阶段激活能主要由空位激活能和晶界扩散激活能共同作用引起。     

固溶温度对Ti-22Al-24Nb合金显微组织的影响

研究了经开坯锻造的Ti-22Al-24Nb合金在不同固溶温度下的显微组织变化规律。结果显示:开坯锻造后Ti-22Al-24Nb合金的显微组织为等轴三相(α_2+B2+O)组织。随固溶温度的升高,初生板条状O相和等轴α_2相转变为B2基体相,B2相的体积分数逐渐增大。当固溶温度为1000℃时,B2相发生再结晶,出现了细小晶粒组织。固溶温度升高到1040℃时,晶粒明显长大,达200μm左右,且未溶解的初生α_2/O相也有所长大。油冷过程中,由于再结晶时间充分,晶粒变大。     

固溶处理对904L中板组织和力学性能的影响

采用热处理试验、金相观察、力学性能检测等手段,研究了固溶处理对904L中板组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:固溶温度在1000～1200℃,晶粒尺寸随固溶温度升高逐渐长大,析出相尺寸逐渐减小,晶界长大激活能Qm=268.2 kJ/mol;1000℃固溶时,晶粒尺寸随固溶时间延长几乎不变;1040～1200℃固溶时,晶粒尺寸随时间延长逐渐增大,晶粒长大动力学时间指数n随着固溶温度的提高先增加后降低;随着固溶温度的升高,904L中板的抗拉强度、屈服强度降低,伸长率提高。     

RHEOLOGY FEATURE OF SIMPLE METAL MELT

The rheology feature of Sb, Bi melt and alloys was studied using coaxial cylinder high-temperature viscometer. The results showed that the curve of torsion-rotational speed for Sb melt presents a linear relation in all measured temperature ranges, whereas for the Bi melt, the curve presents obvious non-Newtonian feature within the low temperature range and at relative high shear stress. The rheology feature of Sb80Bi20 and Sb20Bi80 alloy melts was well correlated with that of Sb and Bi, respectively. It is considered that the rheology behavior of Sb melt plays a crucial role in Sb80Bi20 alloy and that of Bi melt plays a crucial role in Sb20Bi80 alloy.     

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of a Newly Developed Austenitic Heat Resistant Steel

The effect of heat treatment on the microstructures and mechanical properties of a newly developed austenitic heat resistant steel(named as T8 alloy) for ultra-supercritical applications have been studied. Results show that the main phases in the alloy after solution treatment are γ and primary MX. Subsequent aging treatment causes the precipitation of M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries and a small number of nanoscale MX inside the grains. In addition, with increasing the aging temperature and time, the morphology of M_(23)C_6 carbides changes from semi-continuous chain to continuous network.Compared with a commercial HR3C alloy, T8 alloy has comparable tensile strength, but higher stress rupture strength. The dominant cracking mechanism of the alloy during tensile test at room temperature is transgranular, while at high temperature, intergranular cracking becomes the main cracking mode, which may be caused by the precipitation of continuous M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries. Typical intergranular cracking is the dominant cracking mode of the alloy at all stress rupture tests.     

The 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014held in Qingdao China

Organized by Suppliers China Co., Ltd and co-organized by the National Technical Committee 54 on Foundry of Standardization Administration of China, the 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014 （hereinafter referred to as FSC 2014） was successfully held on Sep. 23rd in Grand Regency Hotel, Qingdao. More than 500 delegates from home and abroad attended this conference, including over 130 purchasers from 20 countries and 380 domestic and foreign suppliers.     

LASER CLADDED TiCN COATINGS ON THE SURFACE OF TITANIUM

Laser cladded coatings of TiCN were produced on the surface of titanium. To obtain the optimal techniques, several conditions were tested by varying the laser scanning rate. The choice of shielding gas was also studied. The cladded coatings were then evaluated from the surface mechanics point of view based on their microhardness. The microstructure of some interesting samples was investigated by optical micrographs (OM). The results showed that under the condition of fixed pulse frequency and pulse width, the laser scanning rate and the shielding gas are the main factors influencing the components of coatings. TiCN coatings were decompounded and oxidized during the cladding process in the condition of no shielding gas of N2. X-ray diffraction results indicated that the composite coatings composed of TiCN, TiC, Ti2N, and TiO2 were produced using appropriate techniques. The results indicated that the best condition in terms of the surface microhardness is obtained when the scanning rate is 1.5mm / s, the pulse frequency is 15Hz, the pulse width is 3.0ms, and N2 is chosen as the shielding gas. The microhardness of the composite coatings is about 1331kg · mm - 2, which is about 4 times that of the substrate. The optical micrographs indicated that the cladding zone is made up of TiCN, TiO2, and some interdendritic Ti, but the diffusion zone mainly consists of the dendrites phase, and the cladded depth is about 80m, which is more than 2 times that of the laser nitrided sample. There were no microcracks or air bubbles in the cladded sample, which was cladded using the above optimal techniques.     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of X80 Pipeline Steel Joints by Friction Stir Welding Under Various Cooling Conditions

X80 pipeline steel plates were friction stir welded(FSW) under air, water, liquid CO_2 + water, and liquid CO_2 cooling conditions, producing defect-free welds. The microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of these FSW joints were studied. Coarse granular bainite was observed in the nugget zone(NZ) under air cooling, and lath bainite and lath martensite increased signifi cantly as the cooling medium temperature reduced. In particular, under the liquid CO_2 cooling condition, a dual phase structure of lath martensite and fi ne ferrite appeared in the NZ. Compared to the case under air cooling, a strong shear texture was identifi ed in the NZs under other rapid cooling conditions, because the partial deformation at elevated temperature was retained through higher cooling rates. Under liquid CO_2 cooling, the highest transverse tensile strength and elongation of the joint reached 92% and 82% of those of the basal metal(BM), respectively, due to the weak tempering softening. A maximum impact energy of up to 93% of that of the BM was obtained in the NZ under liquid CO_2 cooling, which was attributed to the operation of the dual phase of lath martensite and fi ne ferrite.     

INDUSTRY NEWS

China Securities News reported on March 21, 2014： Guangdong Hongtu Wuhan Die Casting Co., Ltd. （Wuhan Hongtu）, a wholly owned subsidiary of Guangdong Hongtu Technology （Holdings） Co., Ltd., held a groundbreaking ceremony recently. With the registered capital of 50 million Yuan, Wuhan Hongtu has a total land area of 100,000 square meters and a plant construction area of 72,000 square meters. It is expected to have a production capacity of about 30,000 tonnes of aluminum castings annually after it is put into production.     

STUDY ON PROPERTIES OF PULSE ELECTRODEPOSITED RE-Ni-W-P-SiC COMPOSITE COATINGS

The effects of pulse frequency f and duty cycle r on the deposition rate, composition, morphology, and hardness of pulse electrodeposited RE （rare earth）-Ni-W-P-SiC composite coatings have been studied. The results indicate that pulse current can improve the deposition rate of RE-Ni-W-P-SiC composite coatings; W, P, and SiC contents in the coating decrease with the increase of pulse frequency and reach the lowest value at f = 33Hz, whereas the RE content in the composite coatings increases with the increase of pulse frequency. SiC content decreases with the increase of duty cycle, W content reaches the lowest value, and P content reaches the highest value at r = 0.4; pulse current and RE can lead to smaller size of the crystalline grains; however, the effects of different pulse frequency and duty cycle on the morphologies of RE-Ni-W-P-SiC composite coatings are not obvious. The hardness of RE-Ni-W-P-SiC composite coatings is the highest when the duty cycle is at 0.6 and 0.8 and pulse frequency is at 50Hz. At the same pulse frequency, the hardness of RE-Ni-W-P-SiC composite coatings at r= 0.8 is higher than that at r= 0.6.     

GROWTH MORPHOLOGIES OF A BINARY ALLOY WITH LOW ANISOTROPY IN DIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION

Two new classes of growth morphologies, called doublons and seaweed, were simulated using a phase-field method. The evolution of doublon and seaweed morphologies was obtained in directional solidification. The influence of orientation and velocity on the growth morphology was investigated. It was indicated that doublons preferred growing with its crystallographic axis aligned with the heat flow direction. Seaweed, on the other hand, could be obtained by tilting the crystalline axis to 45°. Stable doublons could only exist in a range of velocity regime. Beyond this regime the patterns formed would be unstable. The simulation results agreed with the reported experimental results qualitatively.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.