Microstructural investigation and mechanical properties of dissimilar friction stir welded magnesium alloys

Abstract

Dissimilar joints of magnesium alloys were obtained by friction stir welding. Detailed microstructure and texture examinations were performed on the joints. Significant difference in microtexture distribution and microstructural features is observed between crown and stir zones in the dissimilar joints. However, an overall effect of these factors on mechanical properties of layered joints is not obvious as both the up and middle samples present quite similar yield strength and strain hardening behaviour. Moreover, both samples fracture in the Mg–3Al–1Zn alloy side. The fracture of the middle sample starts at the boundary of transition and stir zones, while the up sample starts in the crown zone side.     

Plastic deformation behavior of Mg97Zn1Y2 extruded alloys

The mechanical properties of the Mg97ZnlY2 extruded alloy containing the long-period stacking ordered phase, the so-called LPSO-phase, with a volume fraction of 24%-25%, were examined by compression tests and cyclic tension-compression deformation tests. The plastic behavior of the extruded alloys with compositions of Mg99.2Zn0.2Y0.6 and Mg89Zn4Y7 （molar fraction, %）, which were almost the same compositions of Mg matrix phase and LPSO phase in Mg97Zn1Y2 Mg/LPSO two-phase alloy, respectively, were also prepared. By comparing their mechanical properties, the strengthening mechanisms operating in the Mg97Zn1 Y2 extruded alloy were discussed. Existence of the LPSO-phase strongly enhanced the refinement of Mg matrix grain size during extrusion, which led to a large increment of the strength of alloy. In addition, the LPSO-phases, which were aligned along the extrusion direction in Mg97Zn1Y2 extruded alloy, acted as hardening phases, just like reinforced fibers.     

Corrosion and electrochemical behavior of Mg–Y alloys in 3.5% NaCl solution

The corrosion mechanism of Mg–Y alloys in 3.5% NaCl solution was investigated by electrochemical testing and SEM observation. The electrochemical results indicated that the corrosion potential of Mg–Y alloys in 3.5% NaCl solution increased with the increase of Y addition. The corrosion rate increased with the increase of Y addition because of the increase of Mg₂₄Y₅ intermetallic amounts. The corrosion gradually deteriorated with the increase of immersion time. The corrosion morphologies of the alloys were general corrosion for Mg–0.25Y and pitting corrosion for Mg–8Y and Mg–15Y, respectively. The main solid corrosion products were Mg(OH)₂ and Mg₂(OH)₃C1.4H₂O.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of AM31 magnesium alloys processed by differential speed rolling

Ingot casted AM31 alloys were rolled at a warm temperature of 350 °C and subsequently rolled at 300 °C using equal speed rolling (ESR) and differential speed rolling (DSR) with speed ratios of top roll to bottom roll, 1.2 and 1.5, respectively. Microstructures, textures and mechanical properties of the as-rolled AM31 sheets were examined. Ductility was improved by DSR due to inclination of basal poles and weakened texture. The sheets produced by DSR with a speed ratio of 1.2 showed highest strength and ductility at room temperature, which can be attributed to homogeneous fine grain distribution and tilted basal texture.     

固溶处理对含长周期结构Mg97Zn1Y2合金显微组织及阻尼性能影响

通过光学显微镜、扫描电镜分析了铸态及固溶处理态Mg97Zn1Y2合金的显微组织,并利用EDS,XRD进行了物相分析。研究发现固溶处理后,Mg97Zn1Y2合金中的长周期结构相发生长大,由离散分布变为连续分布。阻尼测试结果显示,固溶处理后Mg97Zn1Y2合金阻尼性能下降。通过对铸态及固溶处理态Mg97Zn1Y2合金进行阻尼-温度谱分析,发现存在两个内耗峰：P1内耗峰位置在150-250℃附近,峰宽很宽,是由位错机制而引起的内耗峰;P2内耗峰位置在350-500℃附近,初步认为是晶界内耗峰。     

稀土Y及固溶处理对AM60镁合金组织和力学性能的影响

研究了添加少量稀土Y及固溶处理对AM60合金显微组织和室温力学性能的影响.结果表明：稀土Y的加入能显著提高合金的抗拉强度σb、屈服强度σ0.2、伸长率δ.AM60铸造合金中加入Y后,与Al形成颗粒状的稀土化合物Al2Y,使合金中的γ相Mg17Al12数量减少,合金组织得到细化.固溶处理（T4）后,γ-Mg17Al12相基本溶解,热稳定性较高的稀土化合物相未溶解,使合金的抗拉强度进一步提高.AM60-0.4%Y合金的拉伸试样断口为带有局部韧窝的解理断裂和韧性断裂的混合特征.     

轧制工艺对TC4合金板材织构演变及组织性能的影响

本文研究了顺向冷轧和换向冷轧两种轧制方式对TC4板材显微组织、织构和力学性能的影响规律。研究结果表明：两种轧制工艺的晶粒都有所细化;顺向冷轧微观组织仍存在带状组织,α晶粒呈现出方向性的拉长;换向冷轧晶粒破碎的更加均匀,退火后形成的细小等轴α晶粒。换向冷轧工艺的塑性指标显著优于顺向冷轧,强度指标略低于顺向冷轧,但是板材的RD和TD之间的差值明显减少。原始冷轧板材主要存在(-12-10)<10-10>棱锥型织构,强度较高;顺向冷轧遗传了原始板材的织构组分;换向轧制促进(0001)的强基面织构向ND-TD面和RD-TD面发生漫射,并存在一定角度的偏转,有效降低棱锥型织构强度,促进织构组分重新分配,显著改善板材的各向异性。     

Microstructures and mechanical properties of the extruded Mg-4Y-2Gd-xZn-0.4Zr alloys

Microstructures and mechanical properties of the Mg-4Y-2Gd-0.4Zr alloy with Zn additions have been investigated. The investigation suggests that the mechanical properties of the alloys have been greatly improved after hot extrusion due to the refinement of microstructures, especially the elongations. The extruded Mg-4Y-2Gd-1.0Zn-0.4Zr alloy displays excellent tensile properties. The ultimate tensile strength and the yield tensile strength are 291 and 228 MPa, respectively, with an elongation of 28%. The additions of Zn have an obvious effect on refining microstructure of the extruded alloys, and the vicker hardness increases with increasing Zn additions. The age hardening responses of the extruded alloys have been investigated at 220 °C. These alloys display unobvious ageing hardness responses.     

Effect of speed-ratio on microstructure, and mechanical properties of Mg-3Al-1Zn alloy, in differential speed rolling

The effect of speed ratio (SR) in differential speed rolling on the development of texture and microstructure in Mg-3Al-1Zn alloy was systematically investigated in a wide SR range between 1 and 3 at a fixed thickness reduction of 20%. At low SRs, deformation bands and shear bands were dominant. At high SRs ≥ 2, however, dynamically recrystallized microstructures were developed. The intensity of the basal texture component increased with SR, but decreased to the level of the starting material at high SRs ≥ 2. The occurrence of the dynamic recrystallization at high SRs was attributed to high-dislocation density accumulation and high temperature rise of a deforming sheet due to large plastic deformation of which amount increased with SR. The basal texture weakening at high SRs was attributed to extensive tension twinning that occurred in the basal-oriented matrix, which is rarely observed in conventional rolling. Due to the positive effect of texture and microstructure, tensile ductility improvement was significant as compared to that by symmetric rolling.     

不同固溶状态Mg-10Gd-3Y-1.2Zn-0.5Zr合金的力学性能及断裂行为研究

通过在Mg-10Gd-3Y-0.5Zr合金中添加少量Zn制备出一种新型Mg-10Gd-3Y-1.2Zn-0.5Zr合金,并利用扫描电子显微镜、拉伸试验机分析研究Mg合金不同状态下的显微组织、力学性能及断裂行为。结果表明：Mg-10Gd-3Y-1.2Zn -0.5Zr合金在不同的时效状态下,铸态塑性差,T4态塑性好,T6态塑性优于铸态但劣于T4态,且所有样品都是脆性解理断裂为主,晶界和层状相界面比化合物界面结合牢固。通过比较3个不同温度下T6态的力学性能,发现提高固溶温度能提高合金的强度,但延伸率会略降。并且Zn促进层状相生长,但是对基体塑性提高作用有限。