半导体与CO_2光斑模式下激光熔覆工艺

为了研究不同光斑模式的激光热源熔覆镍基合金效果的差异,分别采用矩形大光斑半导体激光与圆形小光斑CO_2激光在Q235低碳钢表面上进行镍基合金单道熔覆试验。通过相同条件下单道熔覆试验,对比分析不同光斑模式的激光获得的熔覆层尺寸、稀释率以及成形系数随激光功率及扫描速度的变化;还分析了矩形大光斑半导体激光热源与传统圆形小光斑CO_2激光热源的差异。结果表明,在相同工艺参数下,矩形大光斑半导体激光获得的熔覆层尺寸、稀释率及成形系数明显优于传统CO_2激光。     

稀土元素和工艺参数对激光熔覆层微观形貌的影响

为了抑制激光熔覆过程中熔覆层裂纹的产生,在熔覆粉末中加入了稀土氧化物Y2O3.用CO2连续激光器在镍基高温合金基体表面熔覆自配粉末,同时分析了工艺参数对熔覆层微观形貌的影响.结果表明:Y2O3可以细化晶粒和抑制裂纹,扫描速度主要影响熔覆区晶粒的形状,功率和预置粉末厚度主要影响熔覆层的熔深和稀释率.最佳工艺参数是功率为400W,扫描速度为4mm/s,预置粉末厚度为1.4mm.     

低碳结构钢激光熔覆铁基陶瓷合金粉末工艺研究

为提高Q345等低碳结构钢表面的耐腐蚀和耐磨性能,在Q345钢板表面熔覆316+5%WC铁基陶瓷合金粉末,研究不同熔覆功率和光斑扫描速度对熔覆层宏观质量的影响;在其它熔覆工艺参数不变的情况下,分析了激光功率为2000~3500 W时,熔覆层的组织及硬度的变化规律,进而得出在Q345表面熔覆预置厚1.5 mm铁基陶瓷合金粉末的最佳工艺参数为功率3000 W、扫描速度300 mm/min。     

超高速激光熔覆Fe基非晶合金单道工艺分析

目的 利用超高速激光熔覆工艺制备Fe基非晶合金。方法 利用专用模具制备0.4、0.5、0.6 mm不同厚度预置涂层,并用质量分数为4%的聚乙烯醇将涂层与基材黏接,在真空环境下烘干。然后,设计正交试验分析预置厚度、激光功率和扫描速度对Fe–Si–B非晶粉末材料单道熔覆宽度的影响,并利用超景深显微镜和极差分析法分析工艺参数对涂层稀释率的影响次序。最后,对样件磨抛和腐蚀,借助扫描电子电镜分析涂层显微组织。结果 利用超高速激光熔覆制备涂层,单道涂层宽度与激光功率大小呈正相关关系。涂层稀释率变化区间为8.8%~12.1%,影响涂层稀释率的工艺次序为预置厚度>激光功率>扫描速率。所制备的涂层与基材形成良好的冶金结合,但涂层底部出现了晶化现象,晶粒尺寸分布区间为0.5~3.5 μm。将工艺因素归一化考虑,涂层晶粒大小受激光能量密度影响较大。结论 涂层底部凝固速率较低和成分偏析是造成晶化的重要原因,在预置厚度0.6 mm、激光功率500 W、扫描进给量6 000工艺下的晶化程度最小,将激光能量密度控制在10 W/mm³以下,有利于抑制晶化现象。     

超高速线光斑激光熔覆不锈钢涂层显微结构及性能研究

目的 设计超高速线光斑激光熔覆送粉喷嘴,在极高的熔覆效率和极低的搭接率下制备不锈钢熔覆涂层,对比研究圆光斑及线光斑下的熔覆涂层的微观组织结构及性能。方法 基于送粉喷嘴流场及粉末粒子运动轨迹的模拟研究,设计超高速线光斑激光熔覆专用送粉喷嘴。在此基础上,以27SiMn为基体,采用1 mm´ 10 mm线光斑,在10%搭接率、熔覆效率4.5 m²/h下,采用超高速线光斑激光熔覆FeCr合金薄涂层;作为对比,采用超高速圆形光斑(2 mm)激光在0.2 m²/h熔覆效率下熔覆FeCr合金涂层。采用SEM、XRD对比分析线光斑/圆光斑涂层微观组织结构与涂层显微硬度。结果 通收束角度为25°~27°的单流道送粉喷嘴可得到分布均匀、飞行速度适中的粉末束流。对比研究超高速线光斑及圆光斑激光熔覆涂层可知,相同扫描速度下2种光斑制备的涂层均较为致密,无裂纹与气孔,由熔覆层底部到熔覆层表面均呈现出平面晶—柱状晶—等轴晶的变化趋势,线光斑和圆光斑涂层硬度在700~800HV,线光斑下的熔覆层硬度分布更加均匀,表面粗糙度Ra可低至<4 μm,搭接率可低至10%,熔覆效率可达 4.5 m²/h,远高于圆光斑激光下的熔覆效率。结论 2种光斑模式下的涂层微观组织、相组成及硬度相当,但超高速线光斑激光熔覆层表面光洁度更高,表面粗糙度更低,熔覆效率可达圆光斑的20倍。     

粉末粒度对镍合金熔覆薄层组织及成分的影响

针对在钢基体表面熔覆镍合金薄层时稀释率高的问题,采用304不锈钢基体和两种不同粒度的Ni Cr Fe BSi合金粉末,在较高的扫描速度、较低的热输入下制备熔覆薄层,研究了粉末粒度及熔覆工艺参数对熔覆过程冶金反应及熔覆层微观组织与成分分布的影响。结果表明,在较低的热输入下即可将粉末完全熔化并加热至发生自钎反应的温度,熔覆合金在基体表面铺展,得到表面平整的熔覆层,无裂纹出现。采用厚度200μm,粒度范围70～100μm的镍合金粉末层,制备的熔覆层厚约170μm,稀释率较高;采用相同厚度的粒度约50μm的镍合金粉末层,获得了厚约130μm的熔覆层,稀释率低且熔覆界面更平整。由于更细的合金粉对激光能吸收率更高,在较低的热输入下即可熔化,传导至基体的热量显著降低,基体熔化少,热影响小。该方法可用于制备防护薄层及精密修复。     

送粉参数对半导体激光熔覆成形结构形貌的影响

采用1kW半导体激光器进行了熔覆成形试验,研究了送粉量、送粉方向、气流压力及送粉喷嘴形状等送粉参数对熔覆线成形形貌的影响.结果表明,侧向送粉方向不同会改变熔覆线形状尺寸,前送粉得到的熔覆线高度更高;送粉量的大小和载气压力会显著影响熔覆线的结构尺寸,其高度和宽度均随送粉量增加而增加;增大保护气流压力,可以使熔覆线高度增加,表面更光滑;矩形光斑半导体激光熔覆宜采用矩形口送粉喷嘴,以获得较好的熔覆效率和结构形貌.     

Ti6Al4V表面激光熔覆原位自生TiC颗粒增强钛基复合材料及摩擦磨损性能

以Ti,Cr3C2混合粉末作为预置合金涂层,采用YAG固体激光器进行激光熔覆处理,在Ti6Al4V合金表面制备出原位自生TiC颗粒增强钛基复合材料涂层,实验结果表明,采用合适的合金粉末成分和激光辐照能量密度,可以获得增强相TiC弥散分布的钛基复合材料熔覆层,熔覆层结晶致密,且与复合材料基体润湿性良好,熔覆层复合材料的基体组织随预置合金粉末成分的改变而变化,摩擦磨损实验结果表明,原位自生TiC/Ti复合材料熔覆层可明显改善Ti6Al4V合金的表面硬度和摩擦磨损性能。     

工艺参数对钛合金激光熔覆 CBN 涂层几何形貌的影响

目的获得制备形貌较佳的CBN激光熔覆层的工艺参数。方法以CBN粉末为熔覆材料,在TC11钛合金表面制备CBN熔覆层。设计正交试验,利用金相法检测熔覆层的几何形貌参数,研究工艺参数(激光功率、扫描速度、离焦量、预置层厚度)对涂层几何形貌的影响规律。结果随着激光功率、扫描速度、离焦量和预置层厚度的增大,熔覆层宽度、高度以及熔池深度都发生相应的改变。其中扫描速度对熔覆层形貌的影响最大,其次为激光功率和预置层厚度,离焦量的影响最小。随着激光功率增大,熔覆层宽度先增大后减小,熔覆层高度逐渐降低,熔池深度逐渐增大。扫描速度、离焦量和预置层厚度的增加都导致熔覆层宽高和熔池深度的减小。结论最优的工艺参数为:激光功率1400W,扫描速度4mm/s,离焦量35mm,预置层厚度0.4mm。     

激光感应复合熔覆中熔覆层有效能量分析

在同步送粉激光感应复合熔覆试验的基础上,提出了感应能量密度和熔覆材料的单位质量激光比能两个重要的能量参数.以临界熔覆状态为研究对象,计算分析了单位时间熔覆层质量和熔覆层的有效能量.结果表明,感应加热对复合熔覆工艺有显著影响.在一定感应能量密度范围内,随感应能量密度增加,粉末沉积量增加,熔覆材料的单位质量激光比能减小;当激光参数和感应能量密度一定时,熔覆材料的单位质量激光比能随送粉率增加而增加;当感应能量密度超过一定值时,粉末沉积量和熔覆材料的单位质量激光比能基本保持稳定.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

INTRODUCTION TO PATENTS

The invention provides a method of making a mold which can reduce SOx generation rate while preventing decrease in hardening rate in the case of using sulfuric acid for a hardener composition. The method has a mixture step in which fire-resistant particles, a hardener composition and a binder composition are mixed to obtain a composition for a mold. The hardener composition contains sulfuric acid. In the mixture step, sodium carbonate is added. A molar ratio of the sulfuric acid to the sodium carbonate is 0.5 or more and 4.0 or less.     

China Foundry Week 2014

China Foundry Week, hosted by the Foundry Institution of Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society （FICMES） each year, is a large academic event in China. It is one of the ten high-impact activities sponsored by the Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society.     

17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering Call for papers

正1.Contents In order to promote the academic exchanges and technical communication of the research in the field of fluid power transmission and control,fluid control engineering specialized committee of the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics will hold the 17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering on July 27-29,2014 in Tibet,Lhasa city.     

Information for Contributors

正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis     

Preface

<正>We are pleased to present this Special Issue of Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China containing selected papers from the First Asian Conference on Aluminum Alloys(ACAA-2013),held in Beijing,China,13–17 October 2013.This conference has been initiated,with approval of     

Information for Contributors

The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China, is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology, including mineral processing, extraction metallurgy, metallic materials and heat treatments, metal working, physical metallurgy, powder metallurgy, with the emphasis on fundamental science. It is the unique preeminent publication in English for scientists, engineers, under/post-graduates on the field of nonferrous metals industry. This journal is covered by many famous abstract/index systems and databases such as SCI Expanded, Ei Compendex Plus, 1NSPEC, CA, METADEX, AJ and JICST.     

Formulas of Tension of Continuous Rolling Process

The development of computer controlled continuous rolling process calls for a mathematical expression that can express the inequality condition of "constant flow". Tension is the link of the continuous rolling process. From the condition of dynamic equilibrium, a differential equation of tension is given out. On the basis of the physical rules established from the industrial practice and experimental studies, the law of volume constancy, the linear relation of forward slip and tension, the state equation of continuous rolling, the formula of dynamic tension, and the formula of static tension have been obtained. These formulae reflect the functional relations between tensions, thickness, roll velocity, and time in the continuous rolling process. It is implied that the continuous rolling process is a gradually steady, controllable, and measurable dynamic system. An assumption of predicting the thickness of a steel plate using these tension formulae is also put forward.