一种超超临界电站用镍铁基高温合金凝固和析出相的热力学评估

利用热力学计算软件JMat Pro和镍铁基合金数据库,计算分析了一种新型γ′相强化镍铁基高温合金的凝固特征温度和热力学平衡相的析出行为;评估了调整γ′相形成元素Al、Ti,抗蚀元素Cr和C含量对合金凝固特征温度和相析出行为的影响。结果表明:合金主要相组成为γ、γ′、MC和M_(23)C_6;随着Ti和Al含量的提高,γ′相的析出温度和含量增加,Ti元素的影响更显著;Cr含量的增加会降低合金液相线、固相线和M_(23)C_6相的析出温度并致M_(23)C_6相的析出含量先增加后减小;增加C含量会减小合金的结晶温度间隔、提高MC和M_(23)C_6相的析出温度和析出含量。本模拟研究结果将为合金的优化设计提供参考。     

FGH96合金中γ′和碳化物相平衡计算

利用热力学计算软件Thermo-Calc及相应的Ni基数据库对FGH96粉末高温合金中可能析出的平衡相进行计算,并分析元素含量在允许范围内的波动对主要析出相γ′和碳化物析出行为的影响。结果表明:FGH96合金析出的平衡相有γ′、MC、M23C6、MB2、M3B2和TCP相。Al、Ti和Nb含量的增加会显著提高γ′相的固溶温度及析出量;合金中碳化物的析出量及MC的析出温度主要受到碳含量的影响,Al和Nb含量的变化对碳化物的析出温度有着显著影响,其中Al含量的影响尤为明显。     

新型难变形高温合金эк151的组织特征及平衡析出相热力学计算

利用场发射扫描电子显微镜对其铸态组织进行了观察,并通过热力学计算,对该合金中成分对平衡相析出的影响规律进行了研究。结果表明,эк151合金凝固过程中,Mo、Nb和Ti等元素在枝晶间偏析,并形成大量γ′+γ共晶相。合金主要析出相为大量的γ′相、少量的一次、二次碳化物和硼化物以及μ相。其中强化相γ′多成立方状,800℃下平衡态质量分数含量高达50%左右。当成分在规定范围波动时,对熔点影响最大的为Cr、Mo、Nb和Ti;而Al、Ti和Nb含量变化均会影响到γ′相的析出量及析出温度;Cr、Mo含量变化还会影响到二次碳化物的种类,Ti、Nb、C虽然是一次碳化物MC的主要形成元素,但是成分范围内对其析出温度影响并不明显。影响μ相析出温度和析出量的主要成分为Cr、Mo和W。     

难变形高温合金GH720Li平衡析出相的热力学计算

为了给热处理制度和热加工工艺提供理论依据,采用Thermo-Calc热力学计算软件,对GH720Li合金平衡析出相和非平衡凝固进行模拟计算分析.结果表明,合金凝固过程中Mo、Ti偏析比较严重,并给出Ti、Al含量对γ'相析出温度和析出量的定量计算结果.C含量的增加可以显著提高碳化物的析出量,但对碳化物的析出温度无影响;Cr对M23C6的析出量没有影响,但显著提高其析出温度.进一步对一次碳化物MC的析出温度与合金初熔点的关系进行定量计算.     

低Re镍基单晶高温合金平衡相析出行为的热力学模拟计算

基于Pandat热力学计算软件及Pan Ni数据库,采用热力学相平衡计算方法,研究了合金成分对低铼DD6合金平衡相析出行为的影响。结果表明:DD6合金平衡相主要为γ相、γ'相、μ相及碳化物MC和M23C6,计算结果与实验结果吻合。γ'相析出量主要由Al、Ta和Nb含量控制,随Al、Ta和Nb含量增加,γ'相析出量显著增加,固溶温度明显升高,液相初凝与终凝温度逐渐降低。C含量决定MC和M23C6的析出量,MC和M23C6析出量随C含量增加而增大。μ相析出主要受Re、W、Mo和Cr的影响,随Re、W、Mo和Cr含量增加,μ相开始析出温度显著升高,析出温度范围明显变宽,最大析出量明显增大。     

基于JMatPro软件不同B含量下Co-8.8Al-9.8W合金析出相的热力学模拟计算

为研究B元素对新型钴基高温合金析出相的影响,本文基于JMatPro热力学模拟计算软件对不同B含量下Co-8.8Al-9.8W合金的平衡相析出行为进行了研究。结果表明：B含量的增加,会导致γ相、μ-Co7W6相析出温度的降低,并减少γ相、μ-Co7W6相析出量,相反会提高η-Co3Al相的析出温度及析出量。针对这一计算结果,本文作者从B对平衡相中各元素的影响,硼化物等角度分析,给出了解释。分析认为随着B含量的增加,使γ相析出时固液平衡相中各元素的含量相差越来越多,要满足γ相的形核和长大只有降低温度增加过冷度来实现。从而导致随着B含量的增加,γ相的含量越来越少,析出温度越来越低。硼化物的析出,固溶了大量的Co、W,使固液平衡相中Al的含量增加,促进了Co3Al的析出。     

高强GH4738合金成分设计计算与验证

高强GH4738高温合金是超大功率烟气轮机/燃气轮机涡轮盘的候选材料,利用Thermo-Calc及JMat Pro软件进行成分设计优化及抗拉强度预测进而实验验证。研究了不同C,Al,Ti及Cr等元素对该合金中相析出规律及其合金力学性能的变化规律;基于计算结果,制备了不同Al,Ti含量的GH4738合金,测试了其室温抗拉强度并对确定的超大型盘件用高强GH4738合金成分进行相分析研究。结果显示,C含量的增加,可促进碳化物M_(23)C_6及MC析出量的增加及其回溶温度的提高,但其对γ?相含量的变化几乎无影响;Al,Ti含量的增加,都可明显提高合金γ?相回溶温度及其析出量,并有利于合金抗拉强度的提高;Cr含量的增加,可提高γ?相的回溶温度,但对其析出量影响不大;影响合金中γ?相回溶温度及析出量的合金元素顺序依次为Al,Ti,Cr;高强GH4738合金成分设计原则为适当降低C含量,提高Al,Ti含量至合金成分范围高限;高强GH4738合金中γ?相占约24.0%,其点阵常数为a_0=0.357~0.359 nm,其组成结构为:(Ni_(0.9236)Co_(0.0415)Fe_(0.0025)Cr_(0.0322))_3(Cr_(0.0972)Al_(0.3585)Ti_(0.5059)Mo_(0.0366)Co_(0.0018))。该研究结果为中国大尺寸GH4738难变形高温合金涡轮盘提供了的成分设计思路。     

Nb含量对GH4169合金钢锭凝固及均匀化过程相演化规律的影响

以不同Nb含量的直径160 mm GH4169合金钢锭为研究对象,利用热力学软件Thermo-Calc的模拟计算及电子探针成分分析,系统研究了Nb元素含量变化对GH4169合金钢锭凝固及均匀化过程相演化规律的影响。结果表明:Nb元素含量的增加会降低合金初熔点和终熔点,扩大凝固区间,增加偏析形成的趋势;Nb元素含量的增加还可以提高GH4169合金钢锭凝固过程Laves相的析出温度,若Nb元素偏析浓度超过7.0%,Laves相的析出温度会高于标准均匀化温度1160℃,导致部分高浓度下生成的Laves相无法回溶。进一步的凝固过程中各相Gibbs自由能变化规律分析表明,GH4169合金凝固过程中,当达到Laves相的析出温度后,Laves相的形成激活能要显著小于MC碳化物,此时高浓度的Nb元素主要用于Laves相的析出和生长,Laves相的大量形成抑制了MC碳化物的进一步形成和长大,导致了Laves相与MC碳化物集合体的产生。上述的热力学分析结果与实际钢锭的相析出回溶实验结果一致。     

Ni含量对Co-8.8Al-9.8W合金相影响的热力学

为了研究Ni元素对新型钴基高温合金析出相的影响,基于JMatPro热力学模拟计算软件对不同Ni含量下Co-8.8Al-9.8W合金(摩尔分数,%)中平衡相析出的热力学行为进行研究。结果表明:随着Ni含量的增加,合金中γ相的析出温度有降低趋势,析出量减少;与0Ni合金相比,25Ni合金γ相析出温度降低了11.63℃,600℃时35Ni合金γ相的析出量较0Ni合金的减少了20.63%。μ-Co7W6相的析出温度升高;与0Ni合金相比,35Ni合金析出温度升高303.73℃,η-Co_3Al相则会消失,而γ′相的析出温度升高,析出量增加;与5Ni合金相比,35Ni合金γ′相析出温度升高392.85℃,600℃时35Ni合金析出量较0Ni合金的增加40.9%。从Ni对平衡相中各元素的影响以及各物相的析出角度来看,随着Ni含量的增加,当γ相析出时固相和液相中各元素的含量相差越来越多,要满足γ相的析出和长大,只有通过降低温度或增加过冷度来实现。从而导致γ相的含量越来越少,析出温度也越来越低。合金中加入的Ni元素以形成γ′相的形式抑制η-Co_3Al相的形成与生长,从而导致η相最后消失。从γ相中析出的W和Al元素分别为μ-Co_7W_6和η-Co_3Al提供形核及生长的条件,但η-Co_3Al相消失以后,从γ相中析出的Al和Ni元素却为γ′相的生成提供了条件,γ′相开始形成并增加。     

基于JMatPro软件对不同B含量下Co-8.8Al-9.8W合金析出相的热力学模拟计算

为研究B元素对新型钴基高温合金析出相的影响,基于JMat Pro热力学模拟计算软件对不同B含量下Co-8.8Al-9.8W合金的平衡相析出行为进行了研究。结果表明:B含量的增加,会导致γ相、μ-Co_7W_6相析出温度的降低,并减少γ相、μ-Co_7W_6相析出量,相反会提高η-Co_3Al相的析出温度及析出量。针对这一计算结果,从B对平衡相中各元素的影响,硼化物的析出等角度分析,给出了解释。分析认为,随着B含量的增加,使γ相析出时固液平衡相中各元素的含量相差越来越多,要满足γ相的形核和长大,只有降低温度增加过冷度来实现。从而导致随着B含量的增加,γ相的含量越来越少,析出温度越来越低。硼化物的析出,固溶了大量的Co、W,使固液平衡相中Al的含量增加,促进了Co_3Al的析出。     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

INTRODUCTION TO PATENTS

The invention provides a method of making a mold which can reduce SOx generation rate while preventing decrease in hardening rate in the case of using sulfuric acid for a hardener composition. The method has a mixture step in which fire-resistant particles, a hardener composition and a binder composition are mixed to obtain a composition for a mold. The hardener composition contains sulfuric acid. In the mixture step, sodium carbonate is added. A molar ratio of the sulfuric acid to the sodium carbonate is 0.5 or more and 4.0 or less.     

China Foundry Week 2014

China Foundry Week, hosted by the Foundry Institution of Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society （FICMES） each year, is a large academic event in China. It is one of the ten high-impact activities sponsored by the Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society.     

17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering Call for papers

正1.Contents In order to promote the academic exchanges and technical communication of the research in the field of fluid power transmission and control,fluid control engineering specialized committee of the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics will hold the 17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering on July 27-29,2014 in Tibet,Lhasa city.     

Information for Contributors

正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis     

Preface

<正>We are pleased to present this Special Issue of Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China containing selected papers from the First Asian Conference on Aluminum Alloys(ACAA-2013),held in Beijing,China,13–17 October 2013.This conference has been initiated,with approval of     

Information for Contributors

The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China, is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology, including mineral processing, extraction metallurgy, metallic materials and heat treatments, metal working, physical metallurgy, powder metallurgy, with the emphasis on fundamental science. It is the unique preeminent publication in English for scientists, engineers, under/post-graduates on the field of nonferrous metals industry. This journal is covered by many famous abstract/index systems and databases such as SCI Expanded, Ei Compendex Plus, 1NSPEC, CA, METADEX, AJ and JICST.     

Formulas of Tension of Continuous Rolling Process

The development of computer controlled continuous rolling process calls for a mathematical expression that can express the inequality condition of "constant flow". Tension is the link of the continuous rolling process. From the condition of dynamic equilibrium, a differential equation of tension is given out. On the basis of the physical rules established from the industrial practice and experimental studies, the law of volume constancy, the linear relation of forward slip and tension, the state equation of continuous rolling, the formula of dynamic tension, and the formula of static tension have been obtained. These formulae reflect the functional relations between tensions, thickness, roll velocity, and time in the continuous rolling process. It is implied that the continuous rolling process is a gradually steady, controllable, and measurable dynamic system. An assumption of predicting the thickness of a steel plate using these tension formulae is also put forward.