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1.
采用在线红外法研究了季戊四醇丙烯醛树脂的预聚反应动力学,在反应温度为338.15,348.15 K和358.15 K及催化剂硫酸二乙酯酸(DES)的用量为2%和4%时,监测反应体系中官能团=CH_2浓度的变化,计算得出了该聚合反应的动力学方程,并对固化产物的力学性能进行了研究。结果表明:该反应为二级反应,但该反应初期和后期的表观反应速率、反应活化能相差很大,当DES用量为2%时,反应初期和后期的活化能分别为36.5 kJ·mol~(-1)和49.6.kJ·mol~(-1);当DES用量为4%时,反应初期和后期的活化能分别为61.0 k J·mol~(-1)和69.1 kJ·mol~(-1);DES用量为2%和4%时,DES的用量对固化产物的力学性能影响不明显;反应温度对固化产物的力学性能有显著影响,当DES的用量为2%和4%时,出现在338.15 K时的最大抗拉强度分别为41.99 MPa和41.17 MPa,出现在358.15 K时的最大断裂延伸率分别为8.47%和7.27%。  相似文献   

2.
为研究端羟基聚丁二烯(hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene,HTPB)基浇注PBX炸药的固化反应特性确定其固化工艺参数,采用非等温DSC法研究HTPB基浇注PBX炸药粘接剂体系固化反应动力学.分别测试升温速率为5、10、15、20 K/min时的DSC数据,得出固化反应动力学方程,计算不同温度下的反应速率常数,绘制固化速率(dα/dt)~固化度(α)关系曲线,并给出常用HTPB基浇注固化炸药的固化温度范围.结果表明:相同固化度条件下,升温速率越大,固化反应速率越大,当固化度达到0.5时,固化反应速率达到最大值,此后逐渐降低,直至为零.  相似文献   

3.
含铋催化剂对HTPB固化反应动力学的影响   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
采用非等温差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究了三苯基铋(TPB)与三-(乙氧基苯基)铋(TEPB)对端羟基聚丁二烯-2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯(HTPB-TDI)体系固化反应动力学的影响。测定不同催化剂体系的固化峰温,采用Kissinger法和Crane法分别计算其动力学参数,得出了相应的固化反应动力学方程。结果表明,加入催化剂后,HTPB-TDI固化温度降低,固化温差缩短。未加催化剂时固化反应的活化能为51.29kJ·mol-1,加入TPB和TEPB后活化能分别为46.43kJ·mol-1和40.14kJ·mol-1,TPB与TEPB均能降低固化反应的活化能,增大反应速率,从而降低反应温度,缩短固化时间。TEPB能使固化体系在34℃时的反应速率常数达到使用TPB作为催化剂时50℃的值,因此TEPB催化活性更大,可以用作室温催化剂。  相似文献   

4.
为了研究支化聚叠氮缩水甘油醚(B-GAP)基推进剂的流变特性和固化反应过程,采用流变学研究方法对药浆进行了测试,研究了在50,55,60 ℃和65 ℃下药浆粘度随剪切速率及其模量随时间的变化规律。研究结果表明:B-GAP基推进剂药浆具有剪切变稀特性,属于假塑性非牛顿流体;推进剂药浆固化反应速率随着固化反应的进行而增加,在固化度为0.3时达到最大值,之后反应速率开始减小直至为零;温度对于推进剂固化反应动力学有较大影响,在一定温度范围内,固化反应速率峰值随着温度的升高而增加,储能模量最大值随着温度的升高而减小;基于幂律方程和Arrhenius方程计算得到了B-GAP药浆的本构方程和固化反应动力学方程。  相似文献   

5.
非等温DSC研究Al/HTPB/TDI体系的固化反应动力学   总被引:9,自引:5,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
采用非等温差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究了铝粉对端羟基聚丁二烯/甲苯二异氰酸酯体系(HTPB/TDI)固化反应动力学的影响.结果表明,HTPB/TDI体系的固化反应表观活化能约为51.826 kJ·mol-1,反应级数为0.926,指前因子为2.412×105 min-1; 加入铝粉后,体系的固化峰温降低,表观活化能、反应级数和指前因子分别提高至76.402 kJ·mol-1、0.944、2.53×108 min-1,机理函数仍遵循Avrami-Erofeev方程G(α)=[-ln(1-α)]n,只是方程中的指数n有所变化.铝粉对HTPB/TDI固化反应的影响表现为在反应程度18%前起加速作用,18%后起延缓作用.浅析了铝粉影响HTPB/TDI体系固化的原因.  相似文献   

6.
2,6-二氨基-3,5-二硝基-1-氧吡嗪的热分解动力学研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
在升温速率分别为5 K·min~(-1)、10 K·min~(-1)、20K·min~(-1)条件下,用DSC 研究了2,6-二氨基-3,5-二硝基-1-氧吡嗪(LLM-105)的热分解反应动力学参数,并在此基础上考察了该炸药的热爆炸临界温度和500d自爆温度;确定了该反应的微分形式的动力学模式函数f(_α)、表观活化能(E_a)、指前因子(A)、热分解动力学方程和120℃时的分解速率常数k.研究表明,反应的活化熵(ΔS~≠)、活化焓(ΔH~≠) 和活化自由能(ΔG~≠)分别为176.05J·mol~(-1)·K~(-1)、305.60kJ·mol~(-1)和198.22kJ·mol~(-1);LLM-105炸药的热爆炸临界温度和500d自爆温度分别为347.26℃和239.42℃.  相似文献   

7.
吴兴宇  崔庆忠  徐军 《含能材料》2016,24(11):1097-1101
为了解决工程应用中遇到的固化终点问题,采用等温与非等温差示扫描量热法(DSC法),通过模拟n级反应动力学模型,并根据Kissinger法、Crane法研究了高聚物粘结炸药(PBX)用端羟基聚丁二烯(HTPB)型粘结体系的固化反应动力学。结果表明,HTPB/TDI粘结体系固化反应的表观活化能为54.61kJ·mol~(-1),反应级数为0.87,指前因子为192.80s~(-1),固化反应热Hu为482.87J·g~(-1)。该体系的固化反应过程中存在自催化现象。加入二月桂酸二丁基锡(T12)催化剂后,粘结体系的固化反应速率增大、反应温度降低。拟合出了固化温度与固化时间之间的函数关系,当固化温度取60℃时,求得固化时间约为3.91天,与实际工程应用中的4~6天相符。  相似文献   

8.
为了解叠氮黏合剂/非异氰酸酯固化剂固化体系的反应特性,通过微量热法研究了3,3-双(叠氮甲基)环氧丁烷与四氢呋喃共聚醚(PBT)与非异氰酸酯固化剂-丁二酸二丙炔醇酯(BPS)黏结体系的固化反应过程,采用Kissinger法和Crane法计算了该黏结体系固化反应的动力学参数和特征温度,根据333.15、343.15、353.15和363.15 K四个等温条件下该黏结体系完全固化所需的时间拟合了完全固化时间与温度的方程.结果表明,PBT/BPS黏结体系固化反应的表观活化能为81.94 kJ·mol-1,指前因子为108.48 s-1,反应级数为0.93,固化反应热为-926.88 J·g-1;该黏结体系的凝胶温度为319.29 K,固化温度344.52 K,后固化温度为366.11 K;该黏结体系固化反应中存在自催化现象;拟合出的该黏结体系完全固化时间与温度之间的关系式为y=8.3345×104e-0.02309x-11.116.  相似文献   

9.
不同升温速率下炸药烤燃模拟计算分析   总被引:8,自引:5,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
王沛  陈朗  冯长根 《含能材料》2009,17(1):46-49
为了研究不同升温速率条件下炸药热反应规律,建立了炸药烤燃模型,利用计算流体力学软件,对固黑铝炸药(GHL)在不同升温速率下的烤燃过程进行了数值模拟计算.采用Arrhenius定律描述炸药自热反应,根据在1 K·min-1升温速率下固黑铝炸药烤燃实验测量的温度-时间曲线,确定了固黑铝炸药的活化能和指前因子分别为180.2 kJ·mol-1和2.1674 s-1; 分别对3.3 K·h-1,1 K·min-1,3 K·min-1和10 K·min-1四种不同升温速率下固黑铝炸药烤燃过程进行了数值模拟计算分析.结果表明,升温速率对炸药点火时间和点火位置有很大影响.升温速率增大,炸药点火时间缩短,点火位置从炸药内部移向炸药边缘.升温速率对炸药点火温度影响很小,但慢速烤燃下炸药点火时的环境温度比快速烤燃低.  相似文献   

10.
蔡贾林  史远通  罗观  郑申声 《含能材料》2016,24(11):1084-1088
利用离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐([BMIM][PF_6])作为季戊四醇丙烯醛树脂(123树脂)的增塑剂,研究了[BMIM][PF_6]含量为0~10%条件下其对123树脂增塑性能的影响。分别采用万能试验机和动态力学分析仪(DMA)研究了[BMIM][PF_6]对123树脂固化物综合力学性能的影响。结果表明,BMIM][PF_6]能提高123树脂预聚体的流动性,效果优于邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP),加入10%的[BMIM][PF_6]能将123树脂预聚体50℃粘度降至185mPa·s。[BMIM][PF_6]含量越多123树脂固化物的断裂延伸率越大、拉伸强度越小,加入10%的[BMIM][PF_6]的123树脂固化物的断裂延伸率和拉伸强度分别为14.2%和38.2MPa。123树脂固化物的玻璃化温度随[BMIM][PF_6]含量增加而降低,韧性随[BMIM][PF_6]含量增加而增加。  相似文献   

11.
Tetraacetyldibenzylhitane (TADBIW) was subjected to debenzylation by nitrosating with inorganic materials available commercially to synthesize tetraacetyldinitrosohexaazaisowurtzitane (TADNSIW). TADNSIW was purified, and its structure was determined by FTIR, 1H NMR, MS and element analysis. The debenzylation reaction of TADBIW gave quantitative benzaldehyde as a by-product. This indicates that the reaction produces an imine cation as an intermediate. Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) was prepared from unpurified TADNSIW with the yield over 96.0 % and the purity more than 98.0 %. And the mechanism of the reaction from TADNSIW to HNIW is proposed to be oxidation of nitroso and nitration of acetyl on the molecule of TADNSIW, This reaction system involved is simple, and the reaction can complete within a short time and under mild conditions. The product can be easily to separate and the waste disposed readily.  相似文献   

12.
The technique of watermarking has been introduced into 2D vector maps for many potential applications such as protecting the copyright of important GIS (geographical information system) data and tracing the data source of military maps. In most previous works, although the validity of the map data could be preserved during the embedding procedure, the shape-distortions of the map elements are usually neglected which would tend to degrade the invisibility of the watermarking schemes. A shape-preserving algorithm for watermarking 2D vector maps is presented in this paper. A 1D distance sequence extracted from the original map is adopted as the cover data instead of 2D coordinates. A watermark bit is represented by changing the distributions of the cover data. The embedding procedure induces lower shape-distortions than in former works. Experimental results indicate better invisibility of the proposed scheme, as well as its robustness to certain attacks such as map simplification, interpolation, additive noise and most geometric transforms.  相似文献   

13.
Open rule-setting method advanced in this paper concentrates on providing designers of engines with a convenient way to express their design innovations and develop the expected prototypes in the early CAD stage, and constitute effective models for the following analysis process of CAE and CAPP. The problems arisen in the process of conceptual design with the traditional experience-based development method are analyzed. Based on those analyses, open rule-setting method is presented and some associated technical problems are discussed. The functional framework of open rule-setting system was built as software engineering methods. The speciality of the engine product as a kind of complex product and the requirement of the engine product based on its structural particularity to rule-setting system are considered carefully. A demonstration is supplied to illustrate how the open rule-setting method enhances the efficiency and quality of the engine conceptual design.  相似文献   

14.
By analyzing the influencing factors of part quality making of sheet alloy of titanium by vibra cutter, the shape of upper reamer is set as cylinder and wedge-shaped form, and the lower reamer as plain and hemicycle form, and its main structural parameters are defined as well. Then it is validated further that such improved vibra cutter reamer can be used to process curve-edged parts of titanium alloy sheet. The experimental result shows that the titanium alloy sheet parts processed by above equipment have no sharpen angles for convex parts and evident crevasse of concave-edged part. In summary, such improvement can eliminate the free-waved edge and improve the manufacture quality of titanium alloy sheet parts greatly.  相似文献   

15.
By analyzing the working principle of Linux network device driver, discussing the Linux network driver structure and its key technologies, the general network driver structure and its design methodologies in Linux system are summarized. Through modifying the network device driver of Linux device driver 3rd version snull, c and improving the COW technology, the Zero-Copy technology in Linux (kernel version 2.6.11 ) is implemented. In the end, the success test tells us that the thorough analysis of network device driver is the foundation of many applications, and it also provides a certain improvement to a lot of real applications, even to military application development.  相似文献   

16.
For measuring velocity and impacting position of single fragment of warhead, a non-contact measuring method is proposed, in which a six-light-screen array, a position indicator, a multi-channel chronograph and a computer are used.The principle of measurement is described. The key device of the system is a light screen array sensor which consists of six light screens allocated with certain geometrical parameters. When the fragment flies through the light screen array, the time of passing through each of the screens is recorded by the multi-channel chronograph. According to the time data and the geometrical parameters of the array, the velocity vector and the location of the fragment can be calculated immediately. The presented method can be used to locate the fragment and to measure the real velocity on its flying direction. It can also be used to measure the velocity of a fragment swarm after the system is engineered further.  相似文献   

17.
The initiating behavior of fine-grained explosives by small flyer is studied. The diameter of small flyer in this device is 1 ram. The test results indicate that the granularity of explosives has great effect on its flyer initiating sensitivity.The flyer initiating sensitivity of the fine-grained explosives is higher and the critical initiating energy is lower than that of common explosives. For common explosive, the flyer initiating sensitivity increases as the density is reduced. But for the fine-grained explosive, the test results are exactly opposite.  相似文献   

18.
阐述了数码电子雷管中,点火药剂细结晶三硝基间苯二酚铅(LTNR)的制备工艺;从点火药剂的种类、加入黏合剂的质量分数、桥丝直径、点火头的电阻值、防潮漆的蘸涂等方面对点火头性能的影响因素进行了探讨;通过震动试验、并联起爆试验、延期精度检测与考核,试验结果表明:一次性合成的细结晶LTNR是制造数码电子雷管点火头较为理想的点火药剂,按技术要求生产的点火头性能指标能够满足行业标准要求。  相似文献   

19.
The stability under illumination of transmission-mode GaAs photocathode sealed in the third generation intensifier is investigated by use of spectral response testing instruments. The variations of spectral response with the illumination times under weak and intense illumination are compared. The variations of photoemission performance parameters are also characterized. The results show that during initial several weak illuminations photocathode behaves no evident decay and a maximum sensitivity is achieved, while under intense illumination the sensitivity of photocathode begin to decrease largely at the first illumination. The calculated performance parameters show that the variation of surface escape probability with illumination times is a direct cause of instability of photocathode. It is also found that under intense illumination peak wavelength is moved towards short-wave and peak response is decreased, which shows that the ability of long-wave response of photocathode is decreased.  相似文献   

20.
An expression for estimating the aeroheating on a warhead nose at different supersonic speeds is proposed by incorporating CFD (computational fluid dynamics) and the least-square method. Compared with the traditional estimation formula, the expression is more accurate, convenient and can be used in the optimized design of warheads. The error from the result obtained in the test of a ball cartridge flight is less than 3 %. It satisfies the engineering requirements.  相似文献   

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