RDX对改性单基发射药燃烧性能的影响

为提高单基发射药(硝化棉/二硝基甲苯/邻苯二甲酸二丁酯/二苯胺,NC/DNT/DBP/DPA)的能量,在单基发射药中加入不同含量(5%、10%、15%、20%)、不同粒度(0.2,3.7,7.6,100.0μm)的黑索今(RDX),制备并得到改性单基发射药。通过密闭爆发器实验研究了RDX含量、粒度对改性单基发射药燃烧性能的影响规律。实验结果表明:在RDX粒度为7.6μm时,改性单基发射药的燃速随RDX含量的增加先降低再升高,在RDX含量为10%附近存在一个最小值;在50~p_(dpm)MPa(p_(dpm)为最大压力陡度所对应的压力值),改性单基发射药的燃速压力指数平均值均大于1。当RDX含量为5%时,改性单基发射药的燃速随RDX粒度的减小而减小;在50~p_(dpm)MPa,粒度为0.2,3.7μm的RDX改性单基发射药的燃速压力指数平均值均小于1,粒度为7.6,100.0μm的RDX改性单基发射药的燃速压力指数平均值均大于1。     

低压下硝胺发射药燃烧性能研究

为了研究RDX和硝基胍(NGu)对硝胺发射药在低压下燃烧性能的影响,对六种RDX/NGu配比不同的硝胺发射药进行低压密闭爆发器静态燃烧实验,获得了在20~60MPa压力范围内硝胺发射药的燃烧试验数据。结果发现:硝胺发射药在测试压力范围内有燃速压力曲线转折现象,并且NGu对低压下硝胺发射药燃烧规律有很好的调节作用。     

硝胺粒度及类型对BAMO-AMMO基ETPE发射药燃烧性能的影响

通过密闭爆发器实验研究了硝胺粒度及类型对BAMO-AMMO基发射药燃烧性能的影响规律。结果表明,在50～260MPa范围内,BAMO-AMMO基发射药燃速压力指数较高,约1.2;在75～175MPa和175～260MPa的压力区间,压力指数存在转折,从1.2下降到1;RDX粒度越大,BAMO-AMMO基发射药燃速和压力指数越大;通过RDX粒度的级配或两种氧化剂(RDX和HMX)混合使用可以提高BAMO-AMMO基发射药在中高压段(75～260MPa)的燃速,也可降低此压力范围内的燃速压力指数,但不显著;氧化剂类型(RDX,HMX)不同的BAMO-AMMO基发射药相比,以HMX为氧化剂的样品燃速较低,压力指数较高。     

RDX粒度对硝胺发射药力学性能及燃烧性能的影响

为研究黑索今(RDX)粒度对硝胺发射药力学性能及燃烧性能的影响,设计了RDX质量百分数为25.0%,平均粒径(D50)为30,50,150μm的3种硝胺发射药,采用摆锤式简支梁冲击试验机、落锤试验仪与密闭爆发器分别研究了其抗冲击强度、破碎情况及燃烧性能。结果表明,随着RDX粒度由150μm减小至30μm,发射药的低温(-40℃)抗冲击强度由3.46 J·cm~(-2)提高至8.99 J·cm~(-2),在落锤冲击(锤重5 kg,落高80 cm)作用下破碎度由96%降低到18%。RDX的平均粒径(D50)为30,50μm和150μm时,发射药的燃速压力指数分别为0.985、0.996和1.063。RDX粒径为30μm或50μm时,发射药u-p曲线较光滑,发射药燃烧稳定;RDX粒径为150μm时,在100~150 MPa、150 MPa~p_(dpm)的两个压力段范围内,燃速压力指数由1.125变为0.612,显示燃速压力指数存在突变,发射药燃烧不稳定。     

ETPE发射药与RGD7硝胺发射药燃烧性能及热行为的对比研究

用密闭爆发器实验、差示扫描量热法(DSC)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究了3,3-二叠氮甲基氧丁环/3-叠氮甲基-3-甲基氧丁环(BAMO/AMMO)基含能热塑性弹性体(ETPE)发射药和RGD7硝胺发射药的燃烧性能及热行为。结果表明:与RGD7硝胺发射药相比,ETPE发射药燃烧时间较长,燃速较低,燃速压力指数n大于1,而RGD7硝胺发射药燃速压力指数小于1。对于RGD7硝胺发射药,RDX的熔融吸热峰(204.8℃)不明显,且分解放热峰(240℃)滞后于硝化棉/硝化甘油(NC/NG)(194℃),而ETPE发射药中poly(BAMO/AMMO)分解温度(263℃)高于RDX(240℃)。ETPE发射药和RGD7硝胺发射药的不同燃烧性能归因于发射药中主组分的不同热行为。     

基于燃烧产物的硝胺类发射药的燃速预估模型

针对探讨硝胺类发射药的燃速预估模型,在分析硝胺炸药在燃烧分解产物热分解规律的基础上,运用近年来提出的火药燃速预估方法,推导硝铵发射药的燃速公式及压力指数公式。编写硝铵发射药燃速计算软件。在0～400 MPa压力范围内,对硝胺类发射药的燃速进行理论预估,并对3种硝铵发射药的燃烧计算值与相应的试验数据进行比较。分析结果表明,本模型是可行的,适合硝铵发射药的燃速预估。     

含RDX的叠氮硝胺发射药热分解与燃烧性能

用高压差示扫描量热法(DSC)与密闭爆发器实验,对比研究了均质叠氮硝胺发射药(DA3),和含DA3、RDX质量分数分别为85%、15%的DAR15发射药及含DA3、RDX质量分数分别为75%、25%的DAR25发射药的热分解及燃烧性能。结果表明,DAR15及DAR25发射药的DSC有两个放热峰,峰值温度约为210℃第一个放热峰由DA3分解所致,峰值温度约为236℃的第二个放热峰由RDX的分解引起,而DA3仅呈现一个放热峰。随着RDX含量增加,第一个峰的放热量减少,第二个峰的放热量增加。与DA3相比,DAR15及DAR25在40～120 MPa压力范围内燃速压力指数变大,在120 MPa～pdpm(压力陡度的最大值所对应压力)压力范围内燃速压力指数降低。RDX的引入使DAR15及DAR25发射药的起始燃速及起始燃气生成猛度降低,燃烧渐增性提高。     

发射药药型结构对燃速测试结果的影响

为了研究药型结构对发射药燃速测试结果的影响,以高能硝胺发射药为研究对象,采用密闭爆发器燃烧实验和数据处理的分析方法,研究了4种药型及其不同内孔长径比发射药的燃速特性及其变化规律;采用中止燃烧实验研究了发射药内孔长径比对侵蚀燃烧的影响,并与太根发射药对比研究了燃速特性对侵蚀燃烧的影响关系。结果表明,多孔药的燃速压力指数明显小于单孔药,在内孔长径比相同的条件下,随着发射药内孔数量的增加,正比式燃速系数减小,燃速压力指数减小;在药型相同的条件下,随着内孔长径比增大,发射药侵蚀燃烧现象加剧,正比式燃速系数增大,燃速压力指数减小;燃速较高的发射药,侵蚀燃烧现象对燃速参数测试结果的影响更大。     

含FOX-12硝胺发射药的燃烧特性

采用DSC-TG、密闭爆发器、中止燃烧试验装置,研究了含N-脒基脲二硝酰胺盐(FOX-12)的硝胺发射药的热分解和燃烧特性。结果表明:该硝胺发射药中的NC-NG体系和FOX-12一起开始分解,加入FOX-12使硝胺发射药的燃速压力指数降低,其值小于1,随着FOX-12含量的增加,硝胺发射药的压力指数在低压段(10～20 MPa)降低幅度大于中高压段(40～240 MPa)的幅度。     

不同晶型奥克托今用于硝胺发射药的性能

为了研究奥克托今(HMX)的晶型对硝胺发射药性能的影响,采用密闭爆发器以及力学性能测试仪,对含α-HMX和β-HMX两种不同晶型硝胺发射药的燃烧性能和力学性能进行测试.结果表明: 含α-HMX发射药点火容易,其气体生成猛度和燃烧速度比含β-HMX发射药的小,含α-HMX比含β-HMX发射药的燃速压力指数高0.1、力学性能差.另外,当装填密度为0.12 g·cm-3时,两者的燃速压力指数都大于1,而在装填密度为0.20 g·cm-3时,两者的燃速压力指数都达到小于1的水平.     

Method for Measuring Velocity of Warhead Fragments Based on Photoelectric Detection

For measuring velocity and impacting position of single fragment of warhead, a non-contact measuring method is proposed, in which a six-light-screen array, a position indicator, a multi-channel chronograph and a computer are used.The principle of measurement is described. The key device of the system is a light screen array sensor which consists of six light screens allocated with certain geometrical parameters. When the fragment flies through the light screen array, the time of passing through each of the screens is recorded by the multi-channel chronograph. According to the time data and the geometrical parameters of the array, the velocity vector and the location of the fragment can be calculated immediately. The presented method can be used to locate the fragment and to measure the real velocity on its flying direction. It can also be used to measure the velocity of a fragment swarm after the system is engineered further.     

数码电子雷管中影响点火头性能因素分析

阐述了数码电子雷管中,点火药剂细结晶三硝基间苯二酚铅（LTNR）的制备工艺;从点火药剂的种类、加入黏合剂的质量分数、桥丝直径、点火头的电阻值、防潮漆的蘸涂等方面对点火头性能的影响因素进行了探讨;通过震动试验、并联起爆试验、延期精度检测与考核,试验结果表明：一次性合成的细结晶LTNR是制造数码电子雷管点火头较为理想的点火药剂,按技术要求生产的点火头性能指标能够满足行业标准要求。     

Open Rule-setting System Applied to Conceptual Design of Engines

Open rule-setting method advanced in this paper concentrates on providing designers of engines with a convenient way to express their design innovations and develop the expected prototypes in the early CAD stage, and constitute effective models for the following analysis process of CAE and CAPP. The problems arisen in the process of conceptual design with the traditional experience-based development method are analyzed. Based on those analyses, open rule-setting method is presented and some associated technical problems are discussed. The functional framework of open rule-setting system was built as software engineering methods. The speciality of the engine product as a kind of complex product and the requirement of the engine product based on its structural particularity to rule-setting system are considered carefully. A demonstration is supplied to illustrate how the open rule-setting method enhances the efficiency and quality of the engine conceptual design.     

Design and Implementation of One Missile Visual Simulation System Based on OpenGL

The implementation of a missile＇s visual simulation system is explained that is developed with OpenGL（open graphic library） and the flight path and flight carriage in different stages of the missile are displayed. The establishment problems of the 3D scene are circumstantiated including the construction and redeployment of the model, creation of the virtual scene, setting of the multi-viewports and multi-windows etc. The missile＇s data driver, system flow, the modules and their mutual relations of the missile visual simulation system are discussed. The missile flight simulation results and effect of the scenes are given.     

Research on Linux Network Device Driver

By analyzing the working principle of Linux network device driver, discussing the Linux network driver structure and its key technologies, the general network driver structure and its design methodologies in Linux system are summarized. Through modifying the network device driver of Linux device driver 3rd version snull, c and improving the COW technology, the Zero-Copy technology in Linux （kernel version 2.6.11 ） is implemented. In the end, the success test tells us that the thorough analysis of network device driver is the foundation of many applications, and it also provides a certain improvement to a lot of real applications, even to military application development.     

Dynamic Encryption Technology in Ad-hoc Networks

A new dynamic encryption application in ad-hoc networks is proposed. The advantages of this method are its being able to use the previous ciphertext as a seed of a new encryption process, rendering the encryption process effective in all communication process by continuous dynamic key generation together with synchronization, and its capability to cut back on system bandages to a greater extent, which is valuable for the ad-hoc circumstance. In addition, the rationality and effectiveness of this novel encryption method have been verified by the test results.     

Stability of the Third Generation Intensifier under Illumination

The stability under illumination of transmission-mode GaAs photocathode sealed in the third generation intensifier is investigated by use of spectral response testing instruments. The variations of spectral response with the illumination times under weak and intense illumination are compared. The variations of photoemission performance parameters are also characterized. The results show that during initial several weak illuminations photocathode behaves no evident decay and a maximum sensitivity is achieved, while under intense illumination the sensitivity of photocathode begin to decrease largely at the first illumination. The calculated performance parameters show that the variation of surface escape probability with illumination times is a direct cause of instability of photocathode. It is also found that under intense illumination peak wavelength is moved towards short-wave and peak response is decreased, which shows that the ability of long-wave response of photocathode is decreased.     

An Experimental Study on Electro Chemical Machining of Microelectrode

Puts forward a new method in machining microelectrode by electro chemical machining （ECM） and plastic deformed theory. The procedure of this method is to machine the microelectrode according to the basic rule of ECM theory at first. Then, with the change of ECM machining parameters, one of the microelectrode ends is exerted by a load. As a result, the elastic and plastic deformation is produced at the machining section and the microelectrode diameter is reduced. It has been proved that the proposed method can determine the optimum machining parameters to machine the microelectrode of Cu.     

Unscented Kalman Filter for Autonomous Warship Attitude Determination

To address a problem of autonomous attitude determination algorithm using gravitational field and geomagnetic field observation, a new recursive optimization autonomous attitude estimation algorithm is proposed. The algorithm is based on unscented Kalman fiher(UKF), and can synchronously provide the attitude rate information. The simulated results show that the measurement precision of the method could be increased by 2 times compared to that of the common methods.     

Error Coefficient Estimation of Inertial Platformin Its Calibration

The error coefficient estimation of inertial platform in the course of its consecutive ground calibration is studiedA separate-bias algorithm is adopted to estimate the error parameters effectively. The ill-conditioning problem of the equation solution caused by the huge state dimension is also resolved. And the simulation result shows its validity.