热老化对TATB基高聚物粘结炸药力学性能的影响

对某TATB基高聚粘结炸药(PBX)进行了55～75℃加速老化试验,并对老化前后的样品进行了不同温度下压缩性能、拉伸性能和弯曲蠕变实验,用扫描电子显微镜对老化前后炸药高温拉伸断口形貌进行了观察。结果表明:长期高温贮存后,TATB基高聚物粘结炸药晶体与粘合剂仍具有良好的粘合界面,其模量、破坏强度、破坏应变和稳态蠕变速率等力学性能指标均未发生明显的变化。     

TATB基高聚物粘结炸药高温力学性能

为分析TATB基高聚物粘结炸药(PBX)在高温状态下的性能变化,对该高聚物粘结炸药在不同温度下的压缩性能、拉伸性能、蠕变性能及泊松比进行了测试,并采用扫描电子显微镜对其高温蠕变断面形貌进行了观察。结果表明,该高聚物粘结炸药的压缩强度、拉伸强度、抗蠕变持久应力及持久时间均随温度升高而降低,其泊松比随温度升高无明显变化; 在高温70 ℃、拉伸应力为3 MPa下,该PBX拉伸蠕变破坏模式主要为炸药颗粒与粘结剂脱粘,而在相同拉伸应力、温度为50 ℃和60 ℃下,其拉伸蠕变破坏模式还表现为炸药颗粒断裂。     

热循环对TATB基高聚物粘结炸药性能的影响研究

在-40-＋75℃条件下对TATB基高聚物粘结炸药进行了热循环试验，并在试验前后对炸药试件的尺寸、力学性能及爆轰性能进行了测试。结果表明：TATB基高聚物粘结炸药在热循环后尺寸出现了长大，随着循环次数的增加，其尺寸长大的速率明显变缓；由于界面脱粘，其模量、强度和蠕变性能在热循环后也出现了一定程度的下降；热循环试验后，TATB基高聚物粘结炸药试件的孔隙率增大，其冲击波感度略有升高，但其爆速变化不明显。     

F2314氟树脂在老化过程中的结晶度变化及其对力学性能的影响研究

对F2314氟树脂及以F2314为粘结剂的高聚物粘结炸药(PBX)进行了老化试验,老化前后检测了F2314的结晶度、贮存模量、损耗因子及以F2314为粘结剂的PBX的力学性能.结果表明F2314氟树脂在老化后结晶度升高,进而导致F2314在老化后贮存模量升高,损耗因子降低,以F2314为粘结剂的PBX在老化后其压缩强度和压缩模量也略有升高;但以F2314为粘结剂的PBX在老化后其拉伸强度和拉伸模量呈现下降的趋势,这也有可能是由于F2314结晶后其粘结性能变差导致界面作用减弱引起的.     

高温老化后HMX基PBX的压缩与拉伸性能反向变化研究

针对HMX基高聚物粘结炸药(HMX基PBX)经高温老化后虽然密度降低但是力学性能变化规律性不强的问题,将试样之间密度差控制在0.00 3g· cm-3范围内,经过不同时间75C高温老化后测试其力学性能变化.结果表明,HMX基PBX经过高温老化后,呈现出压缩性能降低而拉伸性能增强的反向变化现象.结合高精度X射线断层扫描(...     

季戊四醇丙烯醛树脂基浇注PBX炸药的老化性能

为了评估季戊四醇丙烯醛树脂-黑索今（RDX）基浇注高聚物黏结炸药（PBX）炸药的老化性能,参照MIL-STD-1751对试件开展了热加速老化试验。采用红外光谱,超景深显微镜以及扫描电镜等表征方法,研究了老化前后浇注PBX炸药试件的微观结构和老化机理。结果显示,季戊四醇丙烯醛树脂基浇注PBX炸药经65 ℃老化260 d仍表现出较好的质量和尺寸稳定性,变化率均低于0.25%,优于MIL-STD-1751评价标准（<1%）;该浇注PBX炸药除颜色变化外,试件表面和断面微细观结构无显著变化,且黑索今（RDX）颗粒和黏结剂界面结合较好,断面以穿晶断裂为主;随老化时间延长,该浇注PBX炸药拉伸和压缩力学性能均显著增强,经65 ℃老化60 d和150 d后压缩破坏强度分别增加了6.42 MPa和13.69 MPa,增幅达8.46%和18.05%,而PBX哑铃经老化90 d和180 d后拉伸破坏强度分别增加了0.78 MPa和1.13 MPa,增幅达6.34%和9.19%;基于原位红外测试方法,分析了力学性能增强的机制,认为季戊四醇丙烯醛树脂老化过程中的后固化行为是引起力学性能增强的主要原因。     

低压热处理对PBX炸药件密度及内部质量的影响

高聚物粘结炸药(PBX)时效处理会造成炸药件尺寸长大,密度降低,甚至可能扩大裂纹和分层等初始缺陷.为了解决以上问题,开展成型炸药件低压热处理研究.将炸药件放入等静压后处理机,在恒定温度下施加5～10 MPa压力,保压2～4 h,处理1～3次.实验结果表明: 采用这种后处理方法能在短时间内有效释放PBX炸药件内应力,相对密度从96.53%～98.83%提高到99%以上,并能抑制长大,改善炸药件内部质量.     

热老化对HMX基高聚物粘结炸药尺寸的影响研究

参照GJB 736.8-1990的试验方法,对HMX基高聚物粘结炸药在71℃高温条件下进行了196d的加速老化试验,并每隔一定时间测定其尺寸。研究发现：随着老化时间的增长,药柱的直径有增大的趋势,但增大速度较慢,其变化量小于0.05%;而药柱的高度和体积在老化前10d急剧减小,而后缓慢减小,当达到某一最小值后又缓慢增大,但总的收缩变化率小于0.9%,小于美军标MIL-STD-1751中1%的要求,说明HMX基高聚物粘结炸药的物理安定性较好。     

湿热加速老化对季戊四醇丙烯醛树脂-RDX浇注炸药力学性能的影响

为了评估湿热老化对季戊四醇丙烯醛树脂(123树脂)-黑索今(RDX)浇注高聚物黏结炸药(PBX)炸药性能的影响,开展了湿热加速老化试验研究。采用水分吸附仪,材料试验机,扫描电镜以及红外光谱等表征方法,分析了该浇注PBX炸药试件的吸湿性能及其湿热老化前后的力学性能、断面形貌和老化机理。结果显示,RDX、123树脂及其浇注PBX的吸湿率随相对湿度的升高逐渐增加,其中123树脂的吸湿率最大,相对于主炸药RDX有较强的吸湿性,表明浇注PBX的吸湿性由体系中123树脂占主导;红外光谱结果显示123树脂经湿热老化后存在吸湿水解现象,同时湿热老化显著影响123树脂基浇注PBX力学性能,环境湿度越高123树脂基浇注PBX力学性能下降越显著,且随着老化时间延长力学性能下降明显;经65℃/90%RH老化5 d抗压强度下降了17.60 MPa,降幅达24.09%,抗拉强度下降了2.32 MPa,降幅达28.78%,当老化30 d时抗压强度下降了77.80%,抗拉强度下降了58.56%。研究结果表明123树脂基浇注PBX对湿度较敏感,而123树脂吸湿水解是导致浇注PBX力学性能显著下降的主要原因。     

拉剪复合试验测试炸药晶体/粘结剂界面力学特性

为了研究高聚物粘结炸药(PBX)中炸药晶体/粘结剂界面的力学特性,设计了一种可实现0°、15°、30°、45°、60°、75°及90°共7个角度拉伸的拉剪复合加载夹具,实现了PBX界面单轴拉伸、纯剪切及拉剪复合作用的多状态加载。制备了用于拉剪复合试验的模拟界面,开展了拉剪复合试验测试炸药晶体/粘结剂界面力学特性的方法研究。结果表明,PBX界面的剪切破坏载荷为0.980 MPa,大于拉伸破坏载荷0.759 MPa,随着加载角度的增加,拉应力不断降低,剪应力不断增加,而复合应力随加载角度的增加线性增大。提出了一种椭圆模型用于描述PBX界面的强度相关性规律:σ~2/a~2+τ~2/b~2=1,该模型可以较好地描述PBX中炸药晶体/粘结剂界面的拉剪强度特性。     

Stability of the Third Generation Intensifier under Illumination

The stability under illumination of transmission-mode GaAs photocathode sealed in the third generation intensifier is investigated by use of spectral response testing instruments. The variations of spectral response with the illumination times under weak and intense illumination are compared. The variations of photoemission performance parameters are also characterized. The results show that during initial several weak illuminations photocathode behaves no evident decay and a maximum sensitivity is achieved, while under intense illumination the sensitivity of photocathode begin to decrease largely at the first illumination. The calculated performance parameters show that the variation of surface escape probability with illumination times is a direct cause of instability of photocathode. It is also found that under intense illumination peak wavelength is moved towards short-wave and peak response is decreased, which shows that the ability of long-wave response of photocathode is decreased.     

Passive Acoustic Radar for Detecting Supersonic Cruise Missile

A Passive Acoustic Radar is presented as a necessary complement to electromagnetic wave radar, which will be expected to be an effective means for detecting cruise missiles. Acoustic characteristics of supersonic flying projectiles with diverse shapes are expounded via experiment. It is pointed out that simulation experiment could be implemented using bullet or shell instead of cruise missile. Based on theoretical analysis and experiment, the ““acoustic fingerprint““ character of cruise missile is illustrated to identify it in a strong noise environment. After establishing a locating mathematical model, the technique of acoustic embattling is utilized to resolve a problem of confirming the time of early-warning, considering the fact that velocity of sound is much slower than that of light. Thereby, a whole system of passive acoustic radar for detecting supersonic cruise missile is formed.     

Design and Analysis of Test Schemes of Static Postponing Time on Shrapnels Used to Riot Control

The test scheme of static postponing time given in our actual national military test standard on shrapnels used to control riot is a nine-point test scheme on the combined action of three kinds of temperatures and three kinds of pressures,the consumed ammunitions are more excessive. Statistic analysis and tentative checkout about a lot of test data are done,feasibility gists are put forward for optimizing of the test design scheme. The optimizing design and data analysis of test scheme of the item are done by managing uniformity design theory, two scientific and reasonable six-point test schemes are confirmed. The feasibility and reliability of the optimizing design schemes put forward above are proved ulteriorly by test validating. The gained schemes not only have good design uniformity and little ammunition wastage and meet the test demand, but also have better forecast ability for the result data of other points using the mathematic models from the actual test points.     

Super-resolution Restoration of Remote-sensing Images

A novel image restoration scheme, which is super-resolution image restoration algorithm Poisson-maximum-afterword-probability based on Markvo constraint （MPMAP） combined with evaluating image detail parameter D, has been proposed. The advantage of super-resolution algorithm MPMAP incorporated with parameter D lies in the fact that superresolution algorithm MPMAP model is discrete, which is in accordance with remote-sensing imaging model, and the algorithm MPMAP is proved applicable to linear and non-linear imaging models with a unique solution when noise is not severe. According to simulation experiments for practical images, super-resolution algorithm MPMAP can retain image details better than most of traditional restoration methods; at the same time, the proposed parameter D can help to identify real point spread function （PSF） value of degradation process. Processing result of practical remote-sensing images by MPMAP combined with parameter D are given, it illustrates that MPMAP restoration scheme combined PSF estimation has a better restoration result than that of Photoshop processing, based on the same original images. It is proved that the proposed scheme is helpful to offset the lack of resolution of the original remote-sensing images and has its extensive application foreground.     

Design and Simulation of TF and TA Controller for Missile

A nonlinear terrain following(TF) and terrain avoidance(TA) controller is proposed for missile control systems. Based on classical TF algorithm (adaptive angle method), a new method for TF controller is proposed by using angle of attack. A method of obtaining terrain outline data from digital elevation map (DEM) for TF control is discussed in order to save store space. A TA algorithm is proposed by using bank-to-turn technique. The block control model, which is suitable for backstepping design, is given for nonlinear model of missile. Making full use of the characteristics of the system and combining block control principle and backstepping technique, a robust controller design method is proposed. Uncertainties in every sub-block are allowed, and can be canceled by using the idea of nonlinear damping. It is proved that the state tracking errors are converged to a neighborhood of the origin exponentially. Finally, nonlinear six-degree-of-freedom simulation results for the missile model are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control law.     

Design of Non-fragile Satisfactory Estimator for Linear Continuous Perturbed Stochastic Systems

The design problem of non-fragile estimator is addressed for a class of perturbed linear continuous systems. The perturbations occur on the plant and estimator parameters. The estimator designed should force the error system to achieve the desired decay rate and force the steady error variance less than the specified upper bound irrdevancy of the admissible plant perturbations and estimator perturbations. Consistency problem of the decay rate with the variance upper bound is first considered via linear matrix inequality （LMI） approach. The solution of the estimator parameter under specifications to be consistent is then discussed. The consistency condition of specifications and estimator parameter solution are transformed to feasible or minimum problems subject to a set of LMI respectively. The method is illustrated by a numerical example.     

An Improved Scene-based Nonuniformity Correction Algorithm for Infrared Focal Plane Arrays Using Neural Networks

The improved scene-based adaptive nonuniformity correction （NUC） algorithms using a neural network （NNT） approach for infrared image sequences are presented and analyzed. The retlna-like neural networks using steepest descent model was the first proposed infrared focal plane arrays （IRFPA） nonuniformity compensation method, which can perform parameter estimation of the sensors over time on a frame by frame basis. To increase the strength and the robustness of the NNT algorithm and to avoid the presence of ghosting artifacts, some optimization techniques, including momentum term, regularization factor and adaptive learning rate, were executed in the parameter learning process. In this paper, the local median filtering result of Xij （ n ） is proposed as an alternative value of desired network output of neuron Xij （ n ）, denoted as Tij （ n ）, which is the local spatial average of Xij （ n ） in traditional NNT methods. Noticeably, the NUC algorithm is inter-frame adaptive in nature and does not rely on any statistical assumptions on the scene data in the image sequence. Applications of this algorithm to the simulated video sequences and real infrared data taken with PV320 show that the correction results of image sequence are better than that of using original NNT approach, especially for the short-time image sequences （several hundred frames） subjected to the dense impulse noises with a number of dead or saturated pixels.     

Piecewise Filter of Infrared Image Based on Moment Theory

The disadvantages of IR images mostly include high noise, blurry edge and so on. The characteristics make the existent smoothing methods ineffective in preserving edge, To solve this problem, a piecewise moment filter （PMF） is put forward. By using moment and piecewise linear theory, the filter can preserve edge. Based on the statistical model of random noise, a related-coefficient method is presented to estimate the variance of noise. The edge region and model are then detected by the estimated variance. The expectation of first-order derivatives is used in getting the reliable offset of edge. At last, a fast moment filter of double-stair edge model is used to gain the piecewise smoothing results and reduce the calculation. The experimental result shows that the new method has a better capability than other methods in suppressing noise and preserving edge.     

Bistatic Sonar Localization Based on Best Linear Unbiased Estimation

A best linear unbiased estimation （BLUE） algorithm for bistatic sonar localization is proposed. The Cramer-Rao bound for bistatic Sonar and the geometrical dilution of precision （GDOP） in different conditions are given. The simulation results show that the location accuracy of BLUE algorithm is higher than the weighted least square method.     

Research on Gear-broken Fault Diagnosis in a Tank Gearbox

A fault diagnosis method of working position gear in a tank gearbox is put forward based on simulating the fault of working position gear in an actual tank, extracting the envelope of vibration signal by Hilbert transformation amplitude demodulation method, and zooming the low-frequency band to envelope signal.