弹丸无粘跨,超音速绕流的数值模拟

用数值模拟方法研究弹丸在跨、超音速状态下的气体流动特性，数值模拟的出发方程为三维Ｅｕｌｅｒ方程。数值格式为有限体积的隐式ＴＶＤ格式。数值模拟了船尾形弹丸在跨音速下和尖锥柱裙弹丸在超音速下的流场特征，与文献数据进行了比较，结果令人满意。     

水下弹丸不同攻角流场特性研究

针对水下弹丸在不同攻角下的流场特性,基于Rayleigh-Plesset 方程、VOF 多相流模型,建立一种弹丸水 下运动过程的数值模拟方法。对比分析相同初速条件下,弹丸以不同攻角运动对运动过程中的空泡形态、流场演化 及受力特性的影响。结果表明：攻角越大,弹丸的空化效果越差,在运动过程中受到的升力和阻力也会越大,将严 重影响弹丸的水下弹道稳定性。     

高速旋转弹丸马格努斯效应数值研究

为了研究高速旋转弹丸在飞行过程中产生马格努斯效应的气动机理,本文以三维N-S 方程为基本方程,采用滑移网格技术,对弹丸在高速旋转状态下的绕流场进行了数值模拟。给出了马格努斯力和力矩系数随攻角的变化规律,所得结果与实验数据符合很好,并从流场结构对马格努斯效应产生的机理进行了分析。结果表明,弹体周向压力和切应力分布的畸变、边界层畸变、大攻角下涡的非对称畸变是马格努斯效应产生的主要原因,且船尾对弹体马格努斯力和力矩的影响很大。     

攻角误差对拟合气动系数的影响

利用弹丸6自由度运动方程，计算攻角变化规律，通过数值模拟的方法，分析攻角随机测量误差对拟合气动系数的影响，进而引起对弹道计算及稳定性判别影响，由此可对测试仪器提出合理的精度要求。     

超声速、高超声速弧形翼气动特性数值研究

文中在马赫数（2．0～5．5）范围内进行了弧形翼的数值研究．主要分析了弧形翼在零攻角下产生升力的原因，并且研究了弧形翼曲率对升力的影响。采用有限体积法，MUSCL型三阶迎风格式对N—S方程进行求解，对弧形翼绕流进行了数值模拟．取得了较为满意的计算结果。     

双时间法在弹丸非定常流场模拟中的应用

采用Jameson提出的双时间推进方法改进的隐式有限体积TVD数值格式,对有攻角高速旋转SOCBT弹丸非定常流场进行了数值模拟.计算结果表明流场在经过约一个旋转周期之后形成了动态稳定状态,弹丸表面压力呈现出稳定的周期性波动,整个绕流场表现为非定常周期性变化,计算得到的马格努斯力系数与试验值的对比令人满意,说明该格式是进行弹箭非定常流场数值模拟的有效方法.     

圆柱形弹丸绕流流场数值分析

用数值模拟方法研究圆柱形弹丸绕流流场特性，出发方程为雷诺平增多的N-S方程，湍流模型为k-ε两方程模型，数值格式为二阶迎风格式，得到了圆柱形弹丸在亚、跨和超音速下的绕流流场结构和阻力系数，并在此基础上给出院 圆柱形弹丸头部阻力系数近似解析计算公式，与数值计算方法结果对比证明；其计算精度可以满足工程设计的要求。     

弹带对高速旋转弹丸气动特性影响的数值模拟

为了研究弹带对高速旋转弹丸气动特性的影响,采用2阶Roe差分格式求解三维Navier-Stokes方程,湍流模型为SST k-ω模型。采用滑移网格技术处理弹体旋转引起的运动边界。以文献[6]进行风洞实验的155 mm无弹带弹丸为算例,数值计算结果与风洞实验数据吻合良好。分别对含弹带与无弹带弹丸在不同来流马赫数与攻角条件下的绕流场开展数值模拟,得到二者流场结构图谱及气动特性差异。分析结果表明:两种弹丸计算模型在弹带之前的压力分布基本一致,但弹带将诱导弹丸气动阻力面积增大,阻力系数有一定程度的升高,而且在弹带之后二者的压力分布差异较大;弹带因素对旋转弹丸气动特性的影响不可忽略。     

空气动力非对称弹丸大攻角旋转共振运动研究及应用

弹丸旋转时,空气动力非对称会对弹丸的角运动产生周期性的强迫干扰,在一定条件下,可以形成弹丸纵轴相对于速度矢量成一定角度的旋转运动,这种旋转运动可用于实现无伞末敏弹的稳态扫描。在考虑弹丸所受非对称空气动力与其他力和力矩的前提下,建立了弹丸的运动微分方程,推导出了复数形式的攻角方程。以攻角方程为基础,探讨了弹丸形成稳定旋转共振状态的条件。针对某空气动力非对称弹丸进行了仿真计算,结果表明：空气动力非对称弹丸在一定条件下可以形成旋转共振运动,为无伞末敏弹的气动设计提供了理论参考。     

三维无网格法及其在超音速弹丸流场模拟中的应用

为研究三维无网格方法及其在超音速流场模拟中的应用,基于Batina发展的显式无网格算法,借鉴非结构网格方法下的耗散模型,给出了一种无网格法下求解三维Euler方程的具体实现形式,并对某标准弹丸在超音速下不同马赫数、不同攻角的绕流流场进行了数值模拟,分析了其在不同马赫数和不同攻角下的升、阻力系数,俯仰力矩系数以及压心等,与实验结果进行了比较,结果基本一致.计算结果很好地验证了文中的三维无网格法在超音速流场数值模拟中的准确性和实用性.     

Stability of the Third Generation Intensifier under Illumination

The stability under illumination of transmission-mode GaAs photocathode sealed in the third generation intensifier is investigated by use of spectral response testing instruments. The variations of spectral response with the illumination times under weak and intense illumination are compared. The variations of photoemission performance parameters are also characterized. The results show that during initial several weak illuminations photocathode behaves no evident decay and a maximum sensitivity is achieved, while under intense illumination the sensitivity of photocathode begin to decrease largely at the first illumination. The calculated performance parameters show that the variation of surface escape probability with illumination times is a direct cause of instability of photocathode. It is also found that under intense illumination peak wavelength is moved towards short-wave and peak response is decreased, which shows that the ability of long-wave response of photocathode is decreased.     

Passive Acoustic Radar for Detecting Supersonic Cruise Missile

A Passive Acoustic Radar is presented as a necessary complement to electromagnetic wave radar, which will be expected to be an effective means for detecting cruise missiles. Acoustic characteristics of supersonic flying projectiles with diverse shapes are expounded via experiment. It is pointed out that simulation experiment could be implemented using bullet or shell instead of cruise missile. Based on theoretical analysis and experiment, the ““acoustic fingerprint““ character of cruise missile is illustrated to identify it in a strong noise environment. After establishing a locating mathematical model, the technique of acoustic embattling is utilized to resolve a problem of confirming the time of early-warning, considering the fact that velocity of sound is much slower than that of light. Thereby, a whole system of passive acoustic radar for detecting supersonic cruise missile is formed.     

Design and Analysis of Test Schemes of Static Postponing Time on Shrapnels Used to Riot Control

The test scheme of static postponing time given in our actual national military test standard on shrapnels used to control riot is a nine-point test scheme on the combined action of three kinds of temperatures and three kinds of pressures,the consumed ammunitions are more excessive. Statistic analysis and tentative checkout about a lot of test data are done,feasibility gists are put forward for optimizing of the test design scheme. The optimizing design and data analysis of test scheme of the item are done by managing uniformity design theory, two scientific and reasonable six-point test schemes are confirmed. The feasibility and reliability of the optimizing design schemes put forward above are proved ulteriorly by test validating. The gained schemes not only have good design uniformity and little ammunition wastage and meet the test demand, but also have better forecast ability for the result data of other points using the mathematic models from the actual test points.     

Super-resolution Restoration of Remote-sensing Images

A novel image restoration scheme, which is super-resolution image restoration algorithm Poisson-maximum-afterword-probability based on Markvo constraint （MPMAP） combined with evaluating image detail parameter D, has been proposed. The advantage of super-resolution algorithm MPMAP incorporated with parameter D lies in the fact that superresolution algorithm MPMAP model is discrete, which is in accordance with remote-sensing imaging model, and the algorithm MPMAP is proved applicable to linear and non-linear imaging models with a unique solution when noise is not severe. According to simulation experiments for practical images, super-resolution algorithm MPMAP can retain image details better than most of traditional restoration methods; at the same time, the proposed parameter D can help to identify real point spread function （PSF） value of degradation process. Processing result of practical remote-sensing images by MPMAP combined with parameter D are given, it illustrates that MPMAP restoration scheme combined PSF estimation has a better restoration result than that of Photoshop processing, based on the same original images. It is proved that the proposed scheme is helpful to offset the lack of resolution of the original remote-sensing images and has its extensive application foreground.     

Design and Simulation of TF and TA Controller for Missile

A nonlinear terrain following(TF) and terrain avoidance(TA) controller is proposed for missile control systems. Based on classical TF algorithm (adaptive angle method), a new method for TF controller is proposed by using angle of attack. A method of obtaining terrain outline data from digital elevation map (DEM) for TF control is discussed in order to save store space. A TA algorithm is proposed by using bank-to-turn technique. The block control model, which is suitable for backstepping design, is given for nonlinear model of missile. Making full use of the characteristics of the system and combining block control principle and backstepping technique, a robust controller design method is proposed. Uncertainties in every sub-block are allowed, and can be canceled by using the idea of nonlinear damping. It is proved that the state tracking errors are converged to a neighborhood of the origin exponentially. Finally, nonlinear six-degree-of-freedom simulation results for the missile model are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control law.     

Design of Non-fragile Satisfactory Estimator for Linear Continuous Perturbed Stochastic Systems

The design problem of non-fragile estimator is addressed for a class of perturbed linear continuous systems. The perturbations occur on the plant and estimator parameters. The estimator designed should force the error system to achieve the desired decay rate and force the steady error variance less than the specified upper bound irrdevancy of the admissible plant perturbations and estimator perturbations. Consistency problem of the decay rate with the variance upper bound is first considered via linear matrix inequality （LMI） approach. The solution of the estimator parameter under specifications to be consistent is then discussed. The consistency condition of specifications and estimator parameter solution are transformed to feasible or minimum problems subject to a set of LMI respectively. The method is illustrated by a numerical example.     

An Improved Scene-based Nonuniformity Correction Algorithm for Infrared Focal Plane Arrays Using Neural Networks

The improved scene-based adaptive nonuniformity correction （NUC） algorithms using a neural network （NNT） approach for infrared image sequences are presented and analyzed. The retlna-like neural networks using steepest descent model was the first proposed infrared focal plane arrays （IRFPA） nonuniformity compensation method, which can perform parameter estimation of the sensors over time on a frame by frame basis. To increase the strength and the robustness of the NNT algorithm and to avoid the presence of ghosting artifacts, some optimization techniques, including momentum term, regularization factor and adaptive learning rate, were executed in the parameter learning process. In this paper, the local median filtering result of Xij （ n ） is proposed as an alternative value of desired network output of neuron Xij （ n ）, denoted as Tij （ n ）, which is the local spatial average of Xij （ n ） in traditional NNT methods. Noticeably, the NUC algorithm is inter-frame adaptive in nature and does not rely on any statistical assumptions on the scene data in the image sequence. Applications of this algorithm to the simulated video sequences and real infrared data taken with PV320 show that the correction results of image sequence are better than that of using original NNT approach, especially for the short-time image sequences （several hundred frames） subjected to the dense impulse noises with a number of dead or saturated pixels.     

Piecewise Filter of Infrared Image Based on Moment Theory

The disadvantages of IR images mostly include high noise, blurry edge and so on. The characteristics make the existent smoothing methods ineffective in preserving edge, To solve this problem, a piecewise moment filter （PMF） is put forward. By using moment and piecewise linear theory, the filter can preserve edge. Based on the statistical model of random noise, a related-coefficient method is presented to estimate the variance of noise. The edge region and model are then detected by the estimated variance. The expectation of first-order derivatives is used in getting the reliable offset of edge. At last, a fast moment filter of double-stair edge model is used to gain the piecewise smoothing results and reduce the calculation. The experimental result shows that the new method has a better capability than other methods in suppressing noise and preserving edge.     

Bistatic Sonar Localization Based on Best Linear Unbiased Estimation

A best linear unbiased estimation （BLUE） algorithm for bistatic sonar localization is proposed. The Cramer-Rao bound for bistatic Sonar and the geometrical dilution of precision （GDOP） in different conditions are given. The simulation results show that the location accuracy of BLUE algorithm is higher than the weighted least square method.     

Research on Gear-broken Fault Diagnosis in a Tank Gearbox

A fault diagnosis method of working position gear in a tank gearbox is put forward based on simulating the fault of working position gear in an actual tank, extracting the envelope of vibration signal by Hilbert transformation amplitude demodulation method, and zooming the low-frequency band to envelope signal.