RDX基PBX的本构行为与应变历史、应变率效应（英）

高聚物粘结炸药(PBX)作为一种典型的颗粒填充弹性材料,其力学性能与应变率、应变历史密切相关.利用材料试验机获得了浇注PBX在准静态应变率范围内(10-4～10-2/s)的循环加载、卸载应力-应变曲线.用Dorfmann & Ogden模型分析了PBX的本构行为.结果表明,该PBX具有应变率效应,循环加载过程中存在应力软化和滞回现象,卸载过程中存在残余应变现象.材料损伤可用滞回环和残余应变的大小来表征,损伤程度主要受最大加载应变控制.在Dorfmann&Ogden模型中,只有剪切模量(μ)受加载速率影响.10-4,10-3,10-2/s下的μ值分别为43.94,56.92,71.93 MPa.该模型可以较好地描述材料的应力软化和残余应变行为.预测结果与试验数据吻合良好.     

SHPB实验加载方式对PBX炸药力学响应的影响研究

高聚物粘结剂炸药(PBX)炸药的损伤本构关系是炸药安全性研究的重要基础课题之一。研究PBX炸药的损伤本构关系需要建立在准确获取和认识PBX炸药的动态力学响应基础之上。为此,针对某PBX炸药的SHPB实验,详细探讨加载方式的细节设计对PBX炸药力学响应的影响。通过采用不同应变加速度、不同加载脉宽以及重复加载等方法,分析了不同加载条件对PBX炸药力学响应的影响,并获得了一系列不同加载脉宽、不同加载应变率的应力应变曲线。采用扫描电镜观察回收试样最终损伤形态,分析了PBX炸药动态单轴压缩下的损伤发展过程及其在应力应变关系上的表现。结果表明:应变加速度过大仍会对PBX炸药形成一定的冲击加载,造成额外损伤;经历动态单轴压缩后破坏的试样表现为晶体多次穿晶断裂甚至碎裂;典型PBX炸药的损伤本构关系可从微裂纹的产生、稳定扩展,穿越晶界失稳扩展来描述。     

RDX基PBX的本构行为与应变历史、应变率效应（英文）

高聚物粘结炸药(PBX)作为一种典型的颗粒填充弹性材料,其力学性能与应变率、应变历史密切相关。利用材料试验机获得了浇注PBX在准静态应变率范围内(10~(-4)~10~(-2)/s)的循环加载、卸载应力-应变曲线。用DorfmannOgden模型分析了PBX的本构行为。结果表明,该PBX具有应变率效应,循环加载过程中存在应力软化和滞回现象,卸载过程中存在残余应变现象。材料损伤可用滞回环和残余应变的大小来表征,损伤程度主要受最大加载应变控制。在DorfmannOgden模型中,只有剪切模量(μ)受加载速率影响。10~(-4),10~(-3),10~(-2)/s下的μ值分别为43.94,56.92,71.93 MPa。该模型可以较好地描述材料的应力软化和残余应变行为。预测结果与试验数据吻合良好。     

三种PBX炸药的动态拉伸力学性能

为了获得几种PBX炸药的动态拉伸力学性能,结合平台巴西盘实验和霍普金森加载技术建立了动态拉伸实验测试系统,分别通过石英晶体片和数字图像相关方法来测量应力和应变信号,得到了PBX炸药在应变率102s-1附近间接拉伸条件下的应力应变曲线,并建立了对应的动态拉伸本构关系模型.结果表明,PBX炸药的拉伸强度、失效应变和拉伸弹性...     

一维应力动态加载下战斗部装药力学响应预报模型

为获得战斗部装药在高过载侵彻下的动力学行为,对战斗部装药（黑索今(RDX)基高聚物粘结炸药(PBX)）在高应变率下的动态力学响应特性进行了研究。采用改进的分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB) 实验技术对RDX基PBX炸药动态力学性能展开研究、压电传感器监测试件两端应力状态、高速相机拍摄实验中的试件变形过程,确保实验试件变形在动态应力平衡和常应变率加载条件下进行,保证实验数据的有效性。结果表明,该RDX基PBX炸药具有明显的密度效应及应变率效应,当应变超越0.075时应变率效应显著增强。基于应变能函数,建立该RDX基PBX炸药在一维应力状态下修正的Rivilin本构模型,模型拟合结果与实验结果基本相符,仿真结果得到的应变时间信号及试件变形模式与实验结果基本吻合。     

粘结剂含量对热压TATB基PBX残余应力的影响

为了掌握粘结剂含量对高聚物粘结炸药(PBX)残余应力和宏观力学性能的影响规律,采用基于VKα靶的X射线衍射方法测试了F2314粘结剂含量为0~11%热压成型的TATB基PBX残余应力,采用巴西试验方法测试其宏观力学性能,并采用了TATB晶体-粘结剂包裹结构简化模型进行温度单一因素条件的残余应力数值模拟验证。实验结果表明:不含粘结剂的PBX,其残余应力为拉应力;随着PBX中粘结剂含量增加,残余应力逐渐减小,当粘结剂含量超过5%,其拉伸残余应力递减趋势增强;当粘结剂含量由7%增加到9%时,残余应力由拉应力转变为压应力;PBX力学强度随粘结剂含量增加而增强。残余应力模拟结果与实验结果具有相同变化趋势。     

某HMX基PBX温压时效处理过程变形规律数值模拟

为掌握高聚物粘结炸药(PBX)内部弹性应变向塑性应变转化规律,应用时温等效原理推导80℃的HMX基PBX蠕变曲线,并由ANSYS有限元软件拟合得到基于修正时间硬化理论的蠕变模型,用此模型对温压时效处理过程的HMX基PBX加热加压阶段变形情况进行模拟,结果显示:温压时效处理(80℃、10MPa)使HMX基PBX产生应力加载方向的压缩变形,炸药柱直径和高度分别减小0.476mm和1.306mm,密度增大约0.047g·cm-3,表明温压时效处理方法能够对PBX起到加速蠕变的作用。     

典型PBX基于Boltzmann函数的准静态单轴拉压非线性本构模型（英）

准静态载荷下的拉伸压缩试验中,几乎所有高聚物粘结炸药(PBX)都体现出了明显的非线性本构行为,现常用的本构模型在描述这种非线性时适应性不甚理想.针对五种典型PBX炸药(PBX-X,PBX-9502,LX-17,PBX-9501,EDC-37)应力应变曲线的非线性及非对称性,基于Boltzmann函数推导了一种拉伸和压缩一起考虑的准静态单轴非线性四参数本构模型.在讨论模型待定参数物理意义的基础上,基于文中提出的待定参数初值确定方法,采用该本构模型对五种典型PBX的应力应变曲线进行了拟合.结果表明,该本构模型可较好地描述五种典型PBX炸药不同温度和应变率下的本构行为.基于Boltzmann函数的拉压非线性本构模型,有望作为一种适用于不同PBX的通用准静态本构模型广泛运用.     

两种炸药材料本构行为的应变率效应分析

对PBX和B炸药两种压装炸药进行了应变率为10-4～102s-1的压缩实验,得到了两种炸药材料在不同应变率下的应力-应变曲线;通过回收试样的SEM观测,对材料的破坏模式进行了细观考察;初步建立了材料在高应变率下的本构模型;对两种炸药力学行为的特征和应变率效应得到了较系统的认识.     

固化温度对浇注PBX固化应力的影响

为改进固化工艺,确保浇注高聚物粘结炸药(PBX)的发射安全性,采用自制的间接应力感应器测试了浇注PBX药浆从液态到固态转变过程中应力的变化。研究了固化温度对浇注PBX固化应力的影响。结果表明:热固性浇注PBX固化过程包括从常温到固化温度的快速热膨胀,恒温固化阶段的热膨胀与交联收缩及固化降温时的冷缩变形三个阶段。研究了恒温固化过程中测试瓶的变形。根据变形情况计算了浇注PBX的固化应力。固化温度对PBX变形影响明显。当固化温度为100,90,80,60℃时,浇注PBX在固化过程中的最大热应力分别为2.14,0.72,0.56,0.29 MPa;固化过程的收缩应力分别为0.29,0.25,0.24,0.21 MPa,显示固化温度对恒温阶段固化热应力及收缩应力影响较大,固化温度越高,固化热应力及收缩应力越大。可以根据固化过程的应变-时间曲线,采取前期低温固化以减小固化应力,在固化应力变化平稳的后期升高温度以提高效率的变温固化工艺。     

Expert Systems Aimed at General Design of Projectiles

Expert systems aimed at the general design of projectiles can implement a series of intelligent designs, such as the design of HE shell, the scheme expounded and proved, the emulation analysis and calculation, etc. Aiming at the product design feature, the expert system adopts the object-oriented knowledge representation and all kinds of inference control engines to describe and reason the relevant knowledge regarding the product through the microcomputer. It embodies the foundation of emulation analysis and simulated manufacturing of the shell. It makes use of the method that knowledge expression is combined with condition of inference to carry out the overall design and emulation and reference.The paper gives the ways through which the functions can be achieved, gives the modularization of reference and the design methods of systematization, puts forward the method of knowledge expression and working interface, and supplies a platform for similar products of the shell category that can be quickly designed.     

Parameter Identification for the Valve Control Cylinder System of a Hydraulic Manipulator

In mechanical, hydraulic and electronic systems, the determination of system parameters is often challenging because liquid parameters often change significantly, due to variations in working and environmental conditions. Therefore, it is of significant practical importance to identify those parameters through experimental procedures. A systematic approach to identifying parameters in the valve controlling cylinder system of hydraulic manipulators is provided. It first derives the transfer function of the system, and then uses P control of PID control to predict system parameters. The predicted parameters are further validated using PID control. The prediction through simulation using MatLab language is utilized, which agrees well with experimental results.     

Three-dimensional Numerical Simulation of Combustion Field in the Combustion Chamber

In order to study the effect of rotation on the combustion in the underwater vehicle, a two-phase turbulent combustion process is described with Reynolds stress turbulence model, eddy-dissipation turbulent combustion model, P-1 radiation model and particle tracking model of liquid. The flow in the rotating combustion chamber is simulated at two different working speeds, 0 r/min and 1 000 r/min by Fluent software. The temperature, gas velocity, static pressure of wall and fuel concentration are computed and compared. The results show that the combustion in rotating combustor is faster and more effective.     

Software Communication Architecture Implementation and Its Waveform Application

This paper attempts to do a research on the development of software defined radio（SDR） based on software communication architecture（SCA）. Firstly, SCA is studied and a whole reference model of SCA3.0 core framework （CF） is realized; Secondly, an application-specific FM3TR waveform is implemented on the platform of common software based on the reference model; Thirdly, from the point of view of real-time performance and software reuse, tests and validations are made on the above realized CF reference model and FM3TR waveform. As a result, the SCA-compliant SDR has favorable interoperability and software portability and can satisfy the real-time performance requirements which are not too rigorous.     

Dynamic Simulation of the Tank Gun Recoil Response

By using the ATV module of MSC. ADAMS, the dynamic simulation of recoil response of tank gun is analyzed.How the recoil force affects the bodywork and the suspension during gun firing, as well as the changing status of the gun muzzle‘s velocity are gained. All results and analyzing methods are offered for the designing basis of optimizing tank vehicle-gun match. The constructive exploration is beneficial to improving the general capability of tank.     

Survey of Controllable Suspension System for Off-road Vehicles

The controllable suspension system can improve the performances of off-road vehicles both on road and cross-country. So far, four controllable suspensions, that is, body height control, active, semi-active and slow-active suspensions, have been developed. For off-road vehicles, the slow-active suspension and the semi-active suspension which have controllable stiffness, damping and body height are more appropriate to use. For many years, some control methodologies for controllable suspension systems have been developed along with the development of modern control theory, and two or more original control methods are integrated as a new control method. Today, for military or civilian off-road vehicles, the R&D of controllable suspension systems is ongoing.     

Finite Element Analysis of Fretting Behavior Between an Engine Cylinder Block and a Main Bearing Cap

The finite element analysis of the fretting behavior between a cylinder block and a main bearing cap is presented. The stresses, relative fretting slip, fretting friction work parameter W and crack initiation location parameter G on the fretting contact surface of the cylinder block are obtained and analyzed. It shows that the fretting fatigue problem of the cylinder block can be quantitatively explained by W or G. The effects of pretightening force, friction factor and material combination of the cylinder block and the main bearing cap are studied. The computational results indicate that the fretting fatigue of the cylinder block can be allayed by increasing the elastic modulus of the cylinder block, but not by changing the other two factors.     

An Efficient Key Agreement Framework to MANET

Protocols for key management are compared and evaluated from the point of view on mobile ad hoe networks （MANET）. The issues of fault-tolerance and efficiency of key distribution protocols for group communications in MANET are addressed. Most key distribution protocols existing today are primarily designed for wlre-line networks. These protocols either fail to work as intended or cannot work at all when they are applied to the demanding environment of MANET. Parameters and performance of different protocols are analyzed, and then a fiat is given out, on which new protocols or existing ones are designed and modified, so that they can be robust, scalable and efficient in MANET.     

A Physical Model of Electromagnetic Force from PEMA Acted on Metal Projectiles

Electromagnetic armor is a new conceptual combat vehicle technology, which improves remarkably the defensive capability and maneuverability of vehicles. The authors present definitely to apply the electromagnetic theory to analyze the electromagnetic armor. Based on electromagnetics, the experienced expression of projectile and the physical model of PEMA （passive electromagnetic armor） are obtained when electric current flows through the system, and a computer sim- ulation is given.     

The Kinematics Analysis of the Hydraulic Mine-clearing Mechanical Manipulator

Through analyzing the kinematics of the hydraulic manipulator operating system, according to the rules for set-ing up the D-H coordinate system, the generalized coordinate of the manipulator system is established. The rotating and moving joints are selected from the mechanism as joint variables. Each generalized transformation matrix of joints is worked out. The kinematics equation at the finger end of the manipulator is calculated. The obverse solution for the manipulator is gained. The geometrical operating parameters and primary technical specification of the manipulator system are simulated through the computer. The simulative result has shown that the manipulator operating system meets the working task requirements. This research provides theoretical basis for optimizing structural parameters of the manipulator operating. So it also is justified the feasibility for mechanical manipulators to be used in the engineering equipment platform of the hydraulic excavator.