1-氨基-3-硝基-5-(5-氨基-3-硝基-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-1,2,4-三唑的合成及性能

以5-氨基-3-硝基-1,2,4-三唑(ANTA)和1-氨基-3,5-二硝基-1,2,4-三唑(ADNT)为原料,设计、合成了一种新型C—N互联三唑化合物1-氨基-3-硝基-5-(5-氨基-3-硝基-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-1,2,4-三唑(DANBT),采用IR、NMR、MS对其结构进行了表征,用差示扫描量热法研究了DANBT的热性能,确定了其熔点为221.8℃,分解峰温为291.8℃,热稳定性优于ADNT和ANTA。采用Kamlet-Jacobs方程预测DANBT的爆速与爆压分别为8.69 km·s-1,33.91 GPa。     

3位氨基或硝基取代5-硝基-1,2,4三唑衍生物的合成与表征

以3-氨基-5-硝基-1,2,4三唑(ANTA)、3,5-二硝基-1,2,4三唑的铵盐(ADNT)及2,4,6-三硝基氯苯为原料,设计、合成了1-苦基-3-氨基-5-硝基-1,2,4三唑,4-苦基-3,5-二硝基-1,2,4三唑2种未见文献报道的硝基三唑衍生物,其熔点分别为251～252℃,156～157℃,同时改进了2,4,6-三(3-氨基-5-硝基-1,2,4三唑)-1,3,5-均三嗪合成方法,并采用红外光谱、核磁共振光谱、元素分析等对目标化合物进行了结构表征。探讨了3-氨基-5-硝基-1,2,4三唑与2,4,6-三硝基氯苯缩合反应机理,并研究了反应介质、催化剂等关键因素对缩合反应的影响。确定适宜的反应条件为:DMF作为介质,温度70℃,时间8h。     

5-氨基-3-硝基-1,2,4-三唑(ANTA)的合成工艺改进

以3,5-二氨基-1,2,4-三唑为原料,经重氮化、盐化合成中间体3,5-二硝基-1,2,4-三唑的铵盐(ADNT),用水合肼还原,得到目标产物5-氨基-3-硝基-1,2,4-三唑(ANTA)。采用红外光谱、核磁共振、质谱及元素分析鉴定了ANTA的结构;同时,探索了反应温度对反应收率及纯度的影响,改进了ADNT的萃取及精制方法,提高了产品的纯度(98%以上),反应总收率达64%。     

1,4-二氨基-3,5-二硝基吡唑的合成

以吡唑为原料,经卤化、硝化反应合成出重要前体4-氯-3,5-二硝基吡唑(CDNP),然后胺化得到目标物1,4-二氨基-3,5-二硝基吡唑(DADNP),收率58.0%。采用红外、质谱、核磁及元素分析表征了DADNP的结构。用差示扫描量热法研究了DADNP的热行为。研究了影响胺化和硝化反应的因素。结果表明,较佳的胺化反应条件为:胺化试剂为2,4,6-三甲基苯磺酰羟胺(MSH),室温,n(ADNP-NH~+_4)∶n(MSH)=1∶1.5,反应时间12 h。最佳硝化反应条件为:V(硫酸)∶V(硝酸)=2∶1,反应温度110~115℃,反应时间4 h,收率72.0%。DADNP的熔点为192℃,分解峰温度为247℃。     

3,5-二硝氨基-1,2,4-三唑铅盐的合成及性能

以硝基胍和甲醛为原料,经缩合反应、硝化反应、肼解反应和复分解反应,合成了3,5-二硝氨基-1,2,4-三唑铅盐,采用DSC和TG-DTG方法分析了其热性能,并测试了真空安定性、吸湿性、相容性、感度性能、5s爆发点、爆热、爆速等物化性质和爆轰性能。结果表明:3,5-二硝氨基-1,2,4-三唑铅盐的热稳定性、真空安定性以及耐吸湿性良好,与RDX、HMX、太安、特屈儿、铁、铝、铜等材料均相容,撞击感度和摩擦感度较叠氮化铅(LA)和斯蒂芬酸铅(LTNR)钝感,5s爆发点为226～228℃,爆热为2 236J·g~(-1),爆速为5 755 m·s~(-1),有望作为LA和LTNR的替代物使用。     

1-甲基-3,5-二硝基-1,2,4-三唑的合成及表征

以双氰胺、二盐酸肼为起始原料,经缩合环化、重氮化硝化、甲基化等三步反应合成1-甲基-3,5-二硝基-1,2,4-三唑(MDNT),总收率为16.75％.精制后,熔点95 ～96℃,纯度大于99％,用核磁氢谱(1 H NMR)、红外光谱(IR)、元素分析对其结构进行了表征.同时,改善了3,5-二氨基-1,2,4-三唑( ...     

2,4,6-三硝基-3,5-二氨基-N-(1,2,4-三唑-4)-苯胺的合成

以2,4,6-三硝基氯苯为原料,先与甲胺醇溶液反应得到1-甲氨基-2,4,6-三硝基苯,再经硝硫混酸硝化得到2,4,6-三硝基苯甲硝铵,最后以二甲亚砜为溶剂,强碱甲醇钠为活化剂,与4-氨基-1,2,4-三氮唑反应得到2,4,6-三硝基-3,5-二氨基-N-(1,2,4-三唑-4)-苯胺,总收率达80.18%,并通过¹H NMR、MS、IR对中间体和产物进行了表征。结合反应机理,讨论了影响2,4,6-三硝基-3,5-二氨基-N-(1,2,4-三唑-4)-苯胺合成的关键因素,对其进行DSC和TG测试,结果表明两个热分解峰温分别为210 ℃和328 ℃,在200 ℃以下未出现明显的质量损失过程,升温至500 ℃分解残渣为38.89%,其热稳定性良好。     

4-氨基-2,6-双(5-氨基-1H-四唑基)-3,5-二硝基吡啶的合成与性能（英）

以4-氨基-2,6-二氯吡啶为原料,经过硝化和缩合两步反应,合成出一种新型耐热炸药,4-氨基-2,6-双(5-氨基-1H-四唑基)-3,5-二硝基吡啶(ABDP),总收率为36%。采用核磁共振、质谱及元素分析对产物结构进行表征。分别研究了3-氨基-1,2,4-三氮唑和5-氨基四唑与4-氨基-2,6-二氯-3,5-二硝基吡啶的缩合反应,结果发现,3-氨基-1,2,4-三氮唑中伯胺和仲胺的亲核性相近,5-氨基四唑中仲胺的亲核性优于伯胺。用热重(TG)和差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究了ABDP的热分解性能,发现其在322 ℃有一个热分解峰,322 ℃时总热失重量为97%,采用Rothstein方法计算4-氨基-2,6-双(5-氨基-2H-四唑基)-3,5-二硝基吡啶的爆速为8823 m·s^-1,爆压为36.72 GPa。     

N,N-双((3,5-二硝基-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)甲基)硝胺的合成及性能（英）

以3,5-二氨基-1,2,4-三唑 (DAT)为原料,经重氮化、硝化、N-烷基化等反应合成了N,N-双((3,5-二硝基-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)甲基)硝胺 (BDNTMN)。利用¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR、红外、质谱及元素分析等手段表征了化合物的结构。采用DSC和TG方法分析了目标化合物BDNTMN的主要热性能。采用Gaussian 09程序和Kamlat-Jacbos方程预估了BDNTMN的理化性质和爆轰性能。结果表明,BDNTMN在170.4 ℃ 和254.1 ℃分别有两个热分解峰。预估的BDNTMN的密度、爆速和爆压分别为1.95 g·cm^-3、9.03 km·s^-1和38.7 GPa,性能优于RDX。     

3,5-二硝氨基-1,2,4-三唑肼盐的合成及性能（英文）

以硝基胍和甲醛为原料,经缩合反应、硝化反应和肼解反应得到总收率为63.69%的3,5-二硝氨基-1,2,4-三唑肼盐(HDNAT),并对其进行了表征了结构。测试了HDNAT的部分物化、爆轰性能。结果为:密度1.89 g·cm-3,熔点194~196℃,摩擦感度92%,撞击感度100%,H5026.8cm,爆速9000 m·s-1(ρ=1.80 g·cm-3).采用VLM method计算其爆压为36.0 GPa。     

Expert Systems Aimed at General Design of Projectiles

Expert systems aimed at the general design of projectiles can implement a series of intelligent designs, such as the design of HE shell, the scheme expounded and proved, the emulation analysis and calculation, etc. Aiming at the product design feature, the expert system adopts the object-oriented knowledge representation and all kinds of inference control engines to describe and reason the relevant knowledge regarding the product through the microcomputer. It embodies the foundation of emulation analysis and simulated manufacturing of the shell. It makes use of the method that knowledge expression is combined with condition of inference to carry out the overall design and emulation and reference.The paper gives the ways through which the functions can be achieved, gives the modularization of reference and the design methods of systematization, puts forward the method of knowledge expression and working interface, and supplies a platform for similar products of the shell category that can be quickly designed.     

Parameter Identification for the Valve Control Cylinder System of a Hydraulic Manipulator

In mechanical, hydraulic and electronic systems, the determination of system parameters is often challenging because liquid parameters often change significantly, due to variations in working and environmental conditions. Therefore, it is of significant practical importance to identify those parameters through experimental procedures. A systematic approach to identifying parameters in the valve controlling cylinder system of hydraulic manipulators is provided. It first derives the transfer function of the system, and then uses P control of PID control to predict system parameters. The predicted parameters are further validated using PID control. The prediction through simulation using MatLab language is utilized, which agrees well with experimental results.     

Three-dimensional Numerical Simulation of Combustion Field in the Combustion Chamber

In order to study the effect of rotation on the combustion in the underwater vehicle, a two-phase turbulent combustion process is described with Reynolds stress turbulence model, eddy-dissipation turbulent combustion model, P-1 radiation model and particle tracking model of liquid. The flow in the rotating combustion chamber is simulated at two different working speeds, 0 r/min and 1 000 r/min by Fluent software. The temperature, gas velocity, static pressure of wall and fuel concentration are computed and compared. The results show that the combustion in rotating combustor is faster and more effective.     

Software Communication Architecture Implementation and Its Waveform Application

This paper attempts to do a research on the development of software defined radio（SDR） based on software communication architecture（SCA）. Firstly, SCA is studied and a whole reference model of SCA3.0 core framework （CF） is realized; Secondly, an application-specific FM3TR waveform is implemented on the platform of common software based on the reference model; Thirdly, from the point of view of real-time performance and software reuse, tests and validations are made on the above realized CF reference model and FM3TR waveform. As a result, the SCA-compliant SDR has favorable interoperability and software portability and can satisfy the real-time performance requirements which are not too rigorous.     

Dynamic Simulation of the Tank Gun Recoil Response

By using the ATV module of MSC. ADAMS, the dynamic simulation of recoil response of tank gun is analyzed.How the recoil force affects the bodywork and the suspension during gun firing, as well as the changing status of the gun muzzle‘s velocity are gained. All results and analyzing methods are offered for the designing basis of optimizing tank vehicle-gun match. The constructive exploration is beneficial to improving the general capability of tank.     

Survey of Controllable Suspension System for Off-road Vehicles

The controllable suspension system can improve the performances of off-road vehicles both on road and cross-country. So far, four controllable suspensions, that is, body height control, active, semi-active and slow-active suspensions, have been developed. For off-road vehicles, the slow-active suspension and the semi-active suspension which have controllable stiffness, damping and body height are more appropriate to use. For many years, some control methodologies for controllable suspension systems have been developed along with the development of modern control theory, and two or more original control methods are integrated as a new control method. Today, for military or civilian off-road vehicles, the R&D of controllable suspension systems is ongoing.     

Finite Element Analysis of Fretting Behavior Between an Engine Cylinder Block and a Main Bearing Cap

The finite element analysis of the fretting behavior between a cylinder block and a main bearing cap is presented. The stresses, relative fretting slip, fretting friction work parameter W and crack initiation location parameter G on the fretting contact surface of the cylinder block are obtained and analyzed. It shows that the fretting fatigue problem of the cylinder block can be quantitatively explained by W or G. The effects of pretightening force, friction factor and material combination of the cylinder block and the main bearing cap are studied. The computational results indicate that the fretting fatigue of the cylinder block can be allayed by increasing the elastic modulus of the cylinder block, but not by changing the other two factors.     

An Efficient Key Agreement Framework to MANET

Protocols for key management are compared and evaluated from the point of view on mobile ad hoe networks （MANET）. The issues of fault-tolerance and efficiency of key distribution protocols for group communications in MANET are addressed. Most key distribution protocols existing today are primarily designed for wlre-line networks. These protocols either fail to work as intended or cannot work at all when they are applied to the demanding environment of MANET. Parameters and performance of different protocols are analyzed, and then a fiat is given out, on which new protocols or existing ones are designed and modified, so that they can be robust, scalable and efficient in MANET.     

A Physical Model of Electromagnetic Force from PEMA Acted on Metal Projectiles

Electromagnetic armor is a new conceptual combat vehicle technology, which improves remarkably the defensive capability and maneuverability of vehicles. The authors present definitely to apply the electromagnetic theory to analyze the electromagnetic armor. Based on electromagnetics, the experienced expression of projectile and the physical model of PEMA （passive electromagnetic armor） are obtained when electric current flows through the system, and a computer sim- ulation is given.     

The Kinematics Analysis of the Hydraulic Mine-clearing Mechanical Manipulator

Through analyzing the kinematics of the hydraulic manipulator operating system, according to the rules for set-ing up the D-H coordinate system, the generalized coordinate of the manipulator system is established. The rotating and moving joints are selected from the mechanism as joint variables. Each generalized transformation matrix of joints is worked out. The kinematics equation at the finger end of the manipulator is calculated. The obverse solution for the manipulator is gained. The geometrical operating parameters and primary technical specification of the manipulator system are simulated through the computer. The simulative result has shown that the manipulator operating system meets the working task requirements. This research provides theoretical basis for optimizing structural parameters of the manipulator operating. So it also is justified the feasibility for mechanical manipulators to be used in the engineering equipment platform of the hydraulic excavator.