纳米压痕法研究NEPE推进剂的细观力学性能

对NEPE固体推进剂样品进行了温度冲击处理，并用纳米压痕仪测试了3种样品表面不同位置的硬度和弹性模量．结果表明，该型固体推进剂的硬度和模量值会随着压人深度以及压痕位置的变化而发生变化．分析表明，组分的非均衡分布是导致性能变化的主要原因．     

基于改进Hashin-Shtrikman方法预测PBX有效弹性模量

高聚物黏结炸药(PBX)是一种颗粒高度填充的含能复合材料,其单质炸药晶体的体积百分含量通常达到了80%以上,采用经典的细观力学模型Hashin-Shtrikman界限法获得的PBX有效弹性模量与实验测试值存在较大误差.引入含有炸药密度参数的"界面结合修正系数",得到了一个改进的Hashin-Shtrikman模型.设计了三种密度的以TATB为基的PBX,测定了相应的弹性模量值,并确定了模型的修正系数为0.813(ρ/ρ_0)~(8.64)和0.296(ρ/ρ_0)~(8.68).分别利用经典的和改进的Hashin-Shtrikman模型计算了该型PBX的有效体积模量和有效剪切模量,同时与实验值进行了对比.结果表明:以TATB为基的PBX其有效弹性模量随密度的减小呈指数形式衰减,且体积模量与剪切模量随密度的影响程度几乎一致,其指数约为8.6;改进的Hashin-Shtrikman模型的预测结果与实验值的误差在1%左右;改进后的模型合理,拟合精度高,适合于对双组分PBX有效弹性模量的预测.     

孔隙对TATB基高聚物粘结炸药有效弹性模量的影响

采用代表体积单元(RVE)建模方法,建立了与实际TATB基高聚物粘结炸药(PBX)微观结构近似的有限元计算模型,该模型可以生成炸药颗粒和孔隙随机分布、填充率和孔隙率任意调整的二维RVE。并采用该模型研究了孔隙大小、空间分布和孔隙率对TATB基PBX有效弹性模量的影响。结果表明:粘结剂内孔隙使得TATB基PBX在外载荷作用下易于变形,TATB基PBX的有效弹性模量显著减小,随着孔隙率增加,有效弹性模量呈指数减小;孔隙的空间分布对TATB基PBX有效弹性模量影响较大,当孔隙分布在粘结剂与炸药晶体之间界面时,容易造成粘结界面破裂而导致有效弹性模量显著下降,下降幅度超过50%;但孔隙的大小对TATB基PBX有效弹性模量影响不大。     

采用超声波特性参量研究PBX炸药的热处理

对压制成型Φ20mm×10mm高聚物粘结炸药PBX03试样进行了50℃条件下累积9天的热处理试验,采用超声波特性参量检测了热处理试样,获得了PBX03试样热处理作用及机理的新认识:PBX03试样的超声波增益和声速值在热处理过程中均呈现出趋同的特征;适当的热处理有助于改善PBX03压制件内部质量的一致性;PBX03中TATB的不可逆长大可能是前述结果的主要致因。     

某HMX基PBX温压时效处理过程变形规律数值模拟

为掌握高聚物粘结炸药(PBX)内部弹性应变向塑性应变转化规律,应用时温等效原理推导80℃的HMX基PBX蠕变曲线,并由ANSYS有限元软件拟合得到基于修正时间硬化理论的蠕变模型,用此模型对温压时效处理过程的HMX基PBX加热加压阶段变形情况进行模拟,结果显示:温压时效处理(80℃、10MPa)使HMX基PBX产生应力加载方向的压缩变形,炸药柱直径和高度分别减小0.476mm和1.306mm,密度增大约0.047g·cm-3,表明温压时效处理方法能够对PBX起到加速蠕变的作用。     

HMX基PBX粒子速度测量的铝基组合电磁粒子速度计技术

为了精确测量奥克托今(HMX)基高聚物粘结炸药(PBX)冲击起爆过程的Lagrange粒子速度随时间的变化,采用与炸药阻抗匹配的铝基组合电磁粒子速度计实验技术,测量了3.07,4.14,7.81,8.12 GPa入射压力下某HMX基PBX炸药样品中的Lagrange粒子速度随时间的变化。结果表明:铝基组合电磁粒子速度计时间响应快,感应单元冲击响应上升时间为20 ns。不同起爆压力下获得HMX基PBX炸药样品中1~8 mm深度处的Lagrange粒子速度随时间变化响应快、干扰小。     

飞片冲击起爆高能钝感高聚物粘结炸药的实验研究

为了对比奥克托今（HMX）基和三氨基三硝基苯（TATB）基高聚物粘结（PBX）炸药冲击起爆爆轰建立过程的差异,研究高能钝感炸药的爆轰成长特性,采用火炮驱动铝飞片实现平面冲击加载,建立一维拉格朗日锰铜压阻实验测试系统,得到高能PBXC03(以HMX为主)和高能钝感PBXC10(以TATB为主)炸药冲击起爆爆轰成长过程的不同拉格朗日位置处压力变化历史和前导冲击波时程曲线。结果表明：高能钝感PBXC10炸药的爆轰建立过程与高能PBXC03炸药明显不同,HMX基和TATB基PBX炸药冲击起爆和爆轰成长的物理机制存在较大差异。基于所得数据可标定高能钝感PBX炸药的反应速率方程。     

TATB基高聚物粘结炸药残余应力的测试和消除研究

以TATB基高聚物粘结炸药(PBX)为对象,采用盲孔法测定了PBX炸药的初始残余应力及其分布,研究了孔深和钻孔后应变读数时间对结果的影响,以及样品热处理后对残余应力松弛的影响.结果表明: 孔深3 mm和钻孔后10 min的应变读数时间是适宜的实验参数.热处理能够明显降低和均化PBX炸药内部的残余应力,75 ℃热处理3 天能消除50%的残余应力并趋于稳定.     

HMX钢模压制的微观结构演变研究

以HMX为基的高聚物粘结炸药(PBX)为对象,研究了在不同压制条件下HMX的微观结构的演变.为评估压制参数对微结构的影响,在50 t压机上分别采用50,100,250 MPa压力压制Φ20 mm×5 mm的药柱,采用深度腐蚀方法,去掉表面粘结剂,并用扫描电镜及激光粒度仪测试表征.结果表明: 压力越大,颗粒的破碎及孪晶的形成现象越严重,从而改变了晶体颗粒的粒度分布,压制前平均粒径为34.37 μm,经50,100,250 MPa压力压制后平均粒径分别变为31.16 ,27.90,26.37 μm.     

低压热处理对PBX炸药件密度及内部质量的影响

高聚物粘结炸药(PBX)时效处理会造成炸药件尺寸长大,密度降低,甚至可能扩大裂纹和分层等初始缺陷.为了解决以上问题,开展成型炸药件低压热处理研究.将炸药件放入等静压后处理机,在恒定温度下施加5～10 MPa压力,保压2～4 h,处理1～3次.实验结果表明: 采用这种后处理方法能在短时间内有效释放PBX炸药件内应力,相对密度从96.53%～98.83%提高到99%以上,并能抑制长大,改善炸药件内部质量.     

Stability of the Third Generation Intensifier under Illumination

The stability under illumination of transmission-mode GaAs photocathode sealed in the third generation intensifier is investigated by use of spectral response testing instruments. The variations of spectral response with the illumination times under weak and intense illumination are compared. The variations of photoemission performance parameters are also characterized. The results show that during initial several weak illuminations photocathode behaves no evident decay and a maximum sensitivity is achieved, while under intense illumination the sensitivity of photocathode begin to decrease largely at the first illumination. The calculated performance parameters show that the variation of surface escape probability with illumination times is a direct cause of instability of photocathode. It is also found that under intense illumination peak wavelength is moved towards short-wave and peak response is decreased, which shows that the ability of long-wave response of photocathode is decreased.     

Passive Acoustic Radar for Detecting Supersonic Cruise Missile

A Passive Acoustic Radar is presented as a necessary complement to electromagnetic wave radar, which will be expected to be an effective means for detecting cruise missiles. Acoustic characteristics of supersonic flying projectiles with diverse shapes are expounded via experiment. It is pointed out that simulation experiment could be implemented using bullet or shell instead of cruise missile. Based on theoretical analysis and experiment, the ““acoustic fingerprint““ character of cruise missile is illustrated to identify it in a strong noise environment. After establishing a locating mathematical model, the technique of acoustic embattling is utilized to resolve a problem of confirming the time of early-warning, considering the fact that velocity of sound is much slower than that of light. Thereby, a whole system of passive acoustic radar for detecting supersonic cruise missile is formed.     

Design and Analysis of Test Schemes of Static Postponing Time on Shrapnels Used to Riot Control

The test scheme of static postponing time given in our actual national military test standard on shrapnels used to control riot is a nine-point test scheme on the combined action of three kinds of temperatures and three kinds of pressures,the consumed ammunitions are more excessive. Statistic analysis and tentative checkout about a lot of test data are done,feasibility gists are put forward for optimizing of the test design scheme. The optimizing design and data analysis of test scheme of the item are done by managing uniformity design theory, two scientific and reasonable six-point test schemes are confirmed. The feasibility and reliability of the optimizing design schemes put forward above are proved ulteriorly by test validating. The gained schemes not only have good design uniformity and little ammunition wastage and meet the test demand, but also have better forecast ability for the result data of other points using the mathematic models from the actual test points.     

Super-resolution Restoration of Remote-sensing Images

A novel image restoration scheme, which is super-resolution image restoration algorithm Poisson-maximum-afterword-probability based on Markvo constraint （MPMAP） combined with evaluating image detail parameter D, has been proposed. The advantage of super-resolution algorithm MPMAP incorporated with parameter D lies in the fact that superresolution algorithm MPMAP model is discrete, which is in accordance with remote-sensing imaging model, and the algorithm MPMAP is proved applicable to linear and non-linear imaging models with a unique solution when noise is not severe. According to simulation experiments for practical images, super-resolution algorithm MPMAP can retain image details better than most of traditional restoration methods; at the same time, the proposed parameter D can help to identify real point spread function （PSF） value of degradation process. Processing result of practical remote-sensing images by MPMAP combined with parameter D are given, it illustrates that MPMAP restoration scheme combined PSF estimation has a better restoration result than that of Photoshop processing, based on the same original images. It is proved that the proposed scheme is helpful to offset the lack of resolution of the original remote-sensing images and has its extensive application foreground.     

Design and Simulation of TF and TA Controller for Missile

A nonlinear terrain following(TF) and terrain avoidance(TA) controller is proposed for missile control systems. Based on classical TF algorithm (adaptive angle method), a new method for TF controller is proposed by using angle of attack. A method of obtaining terrain outline data from digital elevation map (DEM) for TF control is discussed in order to save store space. A TA algorithm is proposed by using bank-to-turn technique. The block control model, which is suitable for backstepping design, is given for nonlinear model of missile. Making full use of the characteristics of the system and combining block control principle and backstepping technique, a robust controller design method is proposed. Uncertainties in every sub-block are allowed, and can be canceled by using the idea of nonlinear damping. It is proved that the state tracking errors are converged to a neighborhood of the origin exponentially. Finally, nonlinear six-degree-of-freedom simulation results for the missile model are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control law.     

Design of Non-fragile Satisfactory Estimator for Linear Continuous Perturbed Stochastic Systems

The design problem of non-fragile estimator is addressed for a class of perturbed linear continuous systems. The perturbations occur on the plant and estimator parameters. The estimator designed should force the error system to achieve the desired decay rate and force the steady error variance less than the specified upper bound irrdevancy of the admissible plant perturbations and estimator perturbations. Consistency problem of the decay rate with the variance upper bound is first considered via linear matrix inequality （LMI） approach. The solution of the estimator parameter under specifications to be consistent is then discussed. The consistency condition of specifications and estimator parameter solution are transformed to feasible or minimum problems subject to a set of LMI respectively. The method is illustrated by a numerical example.     

An Improved Scene-based Nonuniformity Correction Algorithm for Infrared Focal Plane Arrays Using Neural Networks

The improved scene-based adaptive nonuniformity correction （NUC） algorithms using a neural network （NNT） approach for infrared image sequences are presented and analyzed. The retlna-like neural networks using steepest descent model was the first proposed infrared focal plane arrays （IRFPA） nonuniformity compensation method, which can perform parameter estimation of the sensors over time on a frame by frame basis. To increase the strength and the robustness of the NNT algorithm and to avoid the presence of ghosting artifacts, some optimization techniques, including momentum term, regularization factor and adaptive learning rate, were executed in the parameter learning process. In this paper, the local median filtering result of Xij （ n ） is proposed as an alternative value of desired network output of neuron Xij （ n ）, denoted as Tij （ n ）, which is the local spatial average of Xij （ n ） in traditional NNT methods. Noticeably, the NUC algorithm is inter-frame adaptive in nature and does not rely on any statistical assumptions on the scene data in the image sequence. Applications of this algorithm to the simulated video sequences and real infrared data taken with PV320 show that the correction results of image sequence are better than that of using original NNT approach, especially for the short-time image sequences （several hundred frames） subjected to the dense impulse noises with a number of dead or saturated pixels.     

Piecewise Filter of Infrared Image Based on Moment Theory

The disadvantages of IR images mostly include high noise, blurry edge and so on. The characteristics make the existent smoothing methods ineffective in preserving edge, To solve this problem, a piecewise moment filter （PMF） is put forward. By using moment and piecewise linear theory, the filter can preserve edge. Based on the statistical model of random noise, a related-coefficient method is presented to estimate the variance of noise. The edge region and model are then detected by the estimated variance. The expectation of first-order derivatives is used in getting the reliable offset of edge. At last, a fast moment filter of double-stair edge model is used to gain the piecewise smoothing results and reduce the calculation. The experimental result shows that the new method has a better capability than other methods in suppressing noise and preserving edge.     

Bistatic Sonar Localization Based on Best Linear Unbiased Estimation

A best linear unbiased estimation （BLUE） algorithm for bistatic sonar localization is proposed. The Cramer-Rao bound for bistatic Sonar and the geometrical dilution of precision （GDOP） in different conditions are given. The simulation results show that the location accuracy of BLUE algorithm is higher than the weighted least square method.     

Research on Gear-broken Fault Diagnosis in a Tank Gearbox

A fault diagnosis method of working position gear in a tank gearbox is put forward based on simulating the fault of working position gear in an actual tank, extracting the envelope of vibration signal by Hilbert transformation amplitude demodulation method, and zooming the low-frequency band to envelope signal.