双时间法在弹丸非定常流场模拟中的应用

采用Jameson提出的双时间推进方法改进的隐式有限体积TVD数值格式,对有攻角高速旋转SOCBT弹丸非定常流场进行了数值模拟.计算结果表明流场在经过约一个旋转周期之后形成了动态稳定状态,弹丸表面压力呈现出稳定的周期性波动,整个绕流场表现为非定常周期性变化,计算得到的马格努斯力系数与试验值的对比令人满意,说明该格式是进行弹箭非定常流场数值模拟的有效方法.     

基于无网格方法的膛口二次焰数值研究

基于最小二乘无网格方法,对包含高速运动弹丸的膛口二次焰流场进行了数值研究。流场采用含化学反应源项的任意拉格朗日- 欧拉方程描述,对流项和反应源项采用多组分HLLC格式和有限速率反应模型计算,对于弹丸运动造成的点云畸形采用局部重构方法处理。对发射药中不添加/添加消焰剂以及不同膛口压力条件下的全流场进行数值计算。计算阴影图与实验照片吻合较好,并且计算结果表明：添加2%钾盐消焰剂或降低膛口压力30%可有效抑制膛口二次焰。     

带制退器的膛口燃烧流场并行数值模拟

采用三维非定常化学反应流控制方程组对带制退器的膛口燃烧流场进行了数值模拟,对流项和化学反应源项分别用TVD格式和基元反应模型进行处理,在多台PC机组成的集群并行系统中,基于域分解的思想对带制退器的三维膛口非平衡化学反应流场进行了数值计算.计算结果表明,膛口制退器能削弱膛口流场激波的强度,抑制二次焰的产生.     

高超声速炮弹气动数值模拟

针对高超声速弹丸飞行阶段的计算研究中,除了对其进行气动热模拟之外,另一项重要任务就是气动力的计算问题,采用SST k-ω湍流模型,运用AUSM+格式对非定常三维可压缩流体进行了数值模拟,再现了高超声速条件下炮弹周围复杂的流动现象,得到了流场的分布规律.计算结果表明,在研究范围内,高超声速弹翼组合体数值计算结果与工程计算结果吻合较好,为进一步高超声速炮弹研究提供了技术参考.     

含高速运动弹丸的膛口二次燃烧并行数值模拟

采用多组分ALE方程时含有高速运动弹丸的膛口二次燃烧流场进行了数值模拟.采用网格局部重构的动网格技术处理了动边界引起的网格变化,对流项和化学反应项分别用HLLC格式和基元反应模型进行处理,在多台PC机组成的集群并行系统中,基于域分解的思想对膛口二次燃烧流场进行了数值计算.结果表明,基于网格结构重构的非结构动网格技术能够描述运动弹丸对膛口流场结构和性质的影响,分区并行算法提高了计算速度.     

火炮发射药非稳态温度场的实验与数值计算

文中介绍了多层壁面有限长圆柱两维轴对称非稳态温度场的实验测定与数值模拟,利用热电偶测量了药粒的温度,采用控制容积法推导了数值模拟时使用的有限差分格式,并在计算机上进行了数值模拟。计算结果表明,数值解与实验值基本一致,从而为发射药实时平均温度的确定奠定了基础。     

CE/SE方法在点火管一维两相流数值计算中的应用

介绍了CE／SE方法。该方法不同于以往的一些计算格式，在计算中它把时间和空间同等对待，具有格式构造简单、计算方便和对激波间断分辨率高等优点。运用适合点火管一维两相流控制方程的CE／SE方法来计算点火管内的一维两相流流动，源项采用四阶Runge-Kutta方法进行处理。数值计算的结果与实验数据的比较表明，CE／SE方法能对两相流进行有效的数值模拟。     

基于AUSM改进格式的超声速射流数值模拟

采用改进的二阶AUSM格式方法对复杂燃气超声速射流进行了数值模拟。将改进的AUSM格式发展到守恒型的轴对称Euler方程组,对不同来流条件的燃气伴随射流进行数值计算。数值实验结果表明:该改进的方法能清晰捕捉复杂波系结构中的入射激波、λ激波、反射激波、接触间断等现象;流场特征与试验纹影图吻合很好,数值结果优于二阶TVD格式计算值;该改进的方法有很高分辨率,能较好抑制伪振荡和红宝石现象;为超声速射流的数值研究提供了一种新方法。     

点火能量对两相爆轰波形成影响的数值研究

针对液态辛烷/空气两相混合物燃烧波在一维封闭空间内传播时爆燃向爆轰转变(DDT)的问题,运用化学反应流动基本理论、颗粒轨道模型和两步反应模型,在拉格朗日质量坐标系中建立了对该现象的数学表达,并开发了数值模拟程序CTPD,其中气体动力学方程采用显式差分格式,化学反应项使用二阶精度的Adams方法.通过数值模拟研究了液态燃料爆轰波的基本特性,以及点火能量及初始温度对于爆轰波结构与发展的影响.研究发现,点火能量及初始温度的提高显著促进了爆轰的转变,爆轰强度随着点火能量的提高而增大,随着初始温度的提高而减小.研究中计算结果与实验波形符合良好,说明本研究为包括DDT现象在内的脉冲爆轰发动机工作过程提供了一种可行的计算方法.     

贮运发射箱内燃气射流的非定常冲击波流场数值模拟

文中对贮运发射箱内燃气射流产生的初始冲击波流场进行了非定常数值模拟.通过分析发射箱壁面上各个测点上的压力变化曲线,了解了冲击波在发射箱内的传播过程.通过对前端盖附近处浏点压力的分析,得到了有时可以利用冲击波的超压峰值来完成发射箱开盖动作的结论.在数值计算的过程中,采用标准k-ε(二方程模型,压力项采用二阶差分格式.计算所得到的结论对工程中贮运发射箱开盖过程的设计具有一定的指导作用.     

Stability of the Third Generation Intensifier under Illumination

The stability under illumination of transmission-mode GaAs photocathode sealed in the third generation intensifier is investigated by use of spectral response testing instruments. The variations of spectral response with the illumination times under weak and intense illumination are compared. The variations of photoemission performance parameters are also characterized. The results show that during initial several weak illuminations photocathode behaves no evident decay and a maximum sensitivity is achieved, while under intense illumination the sensitivity of photocathode begin to decrease largely at the first illumination. The calculated performance parameters show that the variation of surface escape probability with illumination times is a direct cause of instability of photocathode. It is also found that under intense illumination peak wavelength is moved towards short-wave and peak response is decreased, which shows that the ability of long-wave response of photocathode is decreased.     

Passive Acoustic Radar for Detecting Supersonic Cruise Missile

A Passive Acoustic Radar is presented as a necessary complement to electromagnetic wave radar, which will be expected to be an effective means for detecting cruise missiles. Acoustic characteristics of supersonic flying projectiles with diverse shapes are expounded via experiment. It is pointed out that simulation experiment could be implemented using bullet or shell instead of cruise missile. Based on theoretical analysis and experiment, the ““acoustic fingerprint““ character of cruise missile is illustrated to identify it in a strong noise environment. After establishing a locating mathematical model, the technique of acoustic embattling is utilized to resolve a problem of confirming the time of early-warning, considering the fact that velocity of sound is much slower than that of light. Thereby, a whole system of passive acoustic radar for detecting supersonic cruise missile is formed.     

Design and Analysis of Test Schemes of Static Postponing Time on Shrapnels Used to Riot Control

The test scheme of static postponing time given in our actual national military test standard on shrapnels used to control riot is a nine-point test scheme on the combined action of three kinds of temperatures and three kinds of pressures,the consumed ammunitions are more excessive. Statistic analysis and tentative checkout about a lot of test data are done,feasibility gists are put forward for optimizing of the test design scheme. The optimizing design and data analysis of test scheme of the item are done by managing uniformity design theory, two scientific and reasonable six-point test schemes are confirmed. The feasibility and reliability of the optimizing design schemes put forward above are proved ulteriorly by test validating. The gained schemes not only have good design uniformity and little ammunition wastage and meet the test demand, but also have better forecast ability for the result data of other points using the mathematic models from the actual test points.     

Super-resolution Restoration of Remote-sensing Images

A novel image restoration scheme, which is super-resolution image restoration algorithm Poisson-maximum-afterword-probability based on Markvo constraint （MPMAP） combined with evaluating image detail parameter D, has been proposed. The advantage of super-resolution algorithm MPMAP incorporated with parameter D lies in the fact that superresolution algorithm MPMAP model is discrete, which is in accordance with remote-sensing imaging model, and the algorithm MPMAP is proved applicable to linear and non-linear imaging models with a unique solution when noise is not severe. According to simulation experiments for practical images, super-resolution algorithm MPMAP can retain image details better than most of traditional restoration methods; at the same time, the proposed parameter D can help to identify real point spread function （PSF） value of degradation process. Processing result of practical remote-sensing images by MPMAP combined with parameter D are given, it illustrates that MPMAP restoration scheme combined PSF estimation has a better restoration result than that of Photoshop processing, based on the same original images. It is proved that the proposed scheme is helpful to offset the lack of resolution of the original remote-sensing images and has its extensive application foreground.     

Design and Simulation of TF and TA Controller for Missile

A nonlinear terrain following(TF) and terrain avoidance(TA) controller is proposed for missile control systems. Based on classical TF algorithm (adaptive angle method), a new method for TF controller is proposed by using angle of attack. A method of obtaining terrain outline data from digital elevation map (DEM) for TF control is discussed in order to save store space. A TA algorithm is proposed by using bank-to-turn technique. The block control model, which is suitable for backstepping design, is given for nonlinear model of missile. Making full use of the characteristics of the system and combining block control principle and backstepping technique, a robust controller design method is proposed. Uncertainties in every sub-block are allowed, and can be canceled by using the idea of nonlinear damping. It is proved that the state tracking errors are converged to a neighborhood of the origin exponentially. Finally, nonlinear six-degree-of-freedom simulation results for the missile model are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control law.     

Design of Non-fragile Satisfactory Estimator for Linear Continuous Perturbed Stochastic Systems

The design problem of non-fragile estimator is addressed for a class of perturbed linear continuous systems. The perturbations occur on the plant and estimator parameters. The estimator designed should force the error system to achieve the desired decay rate and force the steady error variance less than the specified upper bound irrdevancy of the admissible plant perturbations and estimator perturbations. Consistency problem of the decay rate with the variance upper bound is first considered via linear matrix inequality （LMI） approach. The solution of the estimator parameter under specifications to be consistent is then discussed. The consistency condition of specifications and estimator parameter solution are transformed to feasible or minimum problems subject to a set of LMI respectively. The method is illustrated by a numerical example.     

An Improved Scene-based Nonuniformity Correction Algorithm for Infrared Focal Plane Arrays Using Neural Networks

The improved scene-based adaptive nonuniformity correction （NUC） algorithms using a neural network （NNT） approach for infrared image sequences are presented and analyzed. The retlna-like neural networks using steepest descent model was the first proposed infrared focal plane arrays （IRFPA） nonuniformity compensation method, which can perform parameter estimation of the sensors over time on a frame by frame basis. To increase the strength and the robustness of the NNT algorithm and to avoid the presence of ghosting artifacts, some optimization techniques, including momentum term, regularization factor and adaptive learning rate, were executed in the parameter learning process. In this paper, the local median filtering result of Xij （ n ） is proposed as an alternative value of desired network output of neuron Xij （ n ）, denoted as Tij （ n ）, which is the local spatial average of Xij （ n ） in traditional NNT methods. Noticeably, the NUC algorithm is inter-frame adaptive in nature and does not rely on any statistical assumptions on the scene data in the image sequence. Applications of this algorithm to the simulated video sequences and real infrared data taken with PV320 show that the correction results of image sequence are better than that of using original NNT approach, especially for the short-time image sequences （several hundred frames） subjected to the dense impulse noises with a number of dead or saturated pixels.     

Piecewise Filter of Infrared Image Based on Moment Theory

The disadvantages of IR images mostly include high noise, blurry edge and so on. The characteristics make the existent smoothing methods ineffective in preserving edge, To solve this problem, a piecewise moment filter （PMF） is put forward. By using moment and piecewise linear theory, the filter can preserve edge. Based on the statistical model of random noise, a related-coefficient method is presented to estimate the variance of noise. The edge region and model are then detected by the estimated variance. The expectation of first-order derivatives is used in getting the reliable offset of edge. At last, a fast moment filter of double-stair edge model is used to gain the piecewise smoothing results and reduce the calculation. The experimental result shows that the new method has a better capability than other methods in suppressing noise and preserving edge.     

Bistatic Sonar Localization Based on Best Linear Unbiased Estimation

A best linear unbiased estimation （BLUE） algorithm for bistatic sonar localization is proposed. The Cramer-Rao bound for bistatic Sonar and the geometrical dilution of precision （GDOP） in different conditions are given. The simulation results show that the location accuracy of BLUE algorithm is higher than the weighted least square method.     

Research on Gear-broken Fault Diagnosis in a Tank Gearbox

A fault diagnosis method of working position gear in a tank gearbox is put forward based on simulating the fault of working position gear in an actual tank, extracting the envelope of vibration signal by Hilbert transformation amplitude demodulation method, and zooming the low-frequency band to envelope signal.